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Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Evidence for the spectral dependence of nonequilibrium picosecond photoresponse of YBaCuO thin films |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
63 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages  |
681-683 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors, nonequilibrium |
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Abstract |
The transient voltage photoresponse of current biased YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps laser pulses of 0.63 and 1.54 μm wavelengths is measured for temperatures around the superconducting transition region. The fast picosecond decay of the response is followed by a slow nanosecond relaxation which is associated with the bolometric effect. The magnitude of the fast component of the response varies in proportion to the square root of wavelength that plausibly reflects multiplication processes of photoexcited electrons via electron–electron scattering and interaction with high energy phonons. |
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0003-6951 |
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1655 |
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Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinskii, V. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
The gain bandwidth of mixers based on the electron heating effect in an ultrathin NbN film on a Si substrate with a buffer MgO layer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
J. of communications technol. & electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. of communications technol. & electronics |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
671-675 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
Measurements of the intermediate frequency band 900 GHz of mixers based on the electron heating effect (EHE) in 2-nm- and 3.5-nm-thick superconducting NbN films sputtered on MgO and Si substrates with buffer MgO layers are presented. A 2-nm-thick superconducting NbN film with a critical temperature of 9.2 K has been obtained for the first time using a buffer MgO layer. |
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MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, Birmingham, AL |
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1064-2269 |
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https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17302119 (Полоса преобразования смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в ультратонких пленках NbN на подложках из Si с подслоем MgO) |
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Vakhtomin2003 |
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1522 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer: overview of recent results |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Supercond. |
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6 |
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10-12 |
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649-655 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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The paper presents an overview of recent results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers. The noise temperature of the receivers based on both quasioptical and waveguide versions of HEB mixer has crossed the level of 1 K·GHz−1 at 430 GHz (410 K) and 600–650 GHz (480 K) and is close to this level at 820 GHz (1100 K) and 900 GHz (980 K). The gain bandwidth measured for quasioptical HEB mixer at 620 GHz reached 4 GHz and the noise temperature bandwidth was almost 8 GHz. Local oscillator power requirements are about 1 μW for mixers made by photolithography and are about 100 nW for mixers made by e-beam lithography. The studies in terahertz receivers based on HEB superconducting mixers now present a dynamic, rapidly developing field. |
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0964-1807 |
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1564 |
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Lobanov, Y.V.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Hedden, A.S.; Blundell, R.; Voronov, B.M.; Gol'tsman, G.N. |
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Title |
Direct measurement of the gain and noise bandwidths of HEB mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
645-648 |
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Keywords |
waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
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The intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of a hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is an important parameter of the mixer, in that it helps to determine its suitability for a given application. With the availability of wideband low noise amplifiers, it is simple to measure the performance of an HEB mixer over a wide range of IF at a fixed LO frequency using the standard Y-factor method. This in-situ method allows us to measure both the gain and noise bandwidths simultaneously. We have also measured mixer output impedance with a vector network analyser. Intrinsic time constant has been extracted from the impedance data and compared to the mixer's bandwidths determined from receiver Y-factor measurement. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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720 |
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Рябчун, С. А.; Третьяков, И. В.; Пентин, И. В; Каурова, Н. С.; Селезнев, В. А; Воронов, Б. М.; Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Малошумящий широкополосный терагерцовый смеситель на эффекте электронного разогрева в плёнке NbN |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика |
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52 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
641-648 |
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Keywords |
HEB mixer, in-situ contacts, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth, diffusion cooling channel |
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Разработан и исследован смеситель на горячих электронах, изготовленный из двуслойной плёнки NbN-Au, осаждённой на кремневую подложку in situ. Двухполосная шумовая температура устройства составила 750 К на частоте 2.5 ТГц. Измерения эффективности преобразования для смесителя длиной 0.112 мкм вблизи температуры сверхпроводящего перехода показали полосу промежуточных частот около 6.5 ГГц. Эти результаты являются рекордными и были получены за счёт улучшения контактов между чувствительным элементом и спиральной антенной при замене технологического маршрута с нанесением слоёв NbN и Au в отдельных процессах на технологический процесс, в котором данные слои наносятся in situ без нарушения вакуума. |
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600 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Potapov, V. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Restriction of microwave enhancement of superconductivity in impure superconductors due to electron-electron interaction |
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Journal Article |
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1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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75 |
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8 |
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639-641 |
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impure superconductors |
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Transition from microwave enhancement of supercurrent to superconductivity suppression is investigated in impure superconductors. It is demonstrated that the frequency range of the enhancement effect narrows with the decrease of the electron mean free path, l, and at l ⩽ 1 nm electron heating is observed in the whole frequency range. Dependences of frequency boundaries on l are explained by taking into account strong electron-electron interaction in impure metals. |
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0038-1098 |
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1687 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Potapov, V. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Restriction of microwave enhancement of superconductivity in impure superconductors due to electron-electron interaction |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Phys. B Condens. Mat. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. B Condens. Mat. |
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169 |
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1-4 |
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629-630 |
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impure superconductors |
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Transition from microwave enhancement of supercurrent to superconductivity suppression is investigated in impure superconductors. It is demonstrated that frequency range of enhancement effect narrows with the decrease of electron mean free path, ℓ, and at ℓ⩽1nm electron heating is observed in the whole frequency range. Dependences of frequency boundaries on ℓ are explained by taking into account strong electron-electron interaction in impure metals. |
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0921-4526 |
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1682 |
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Lobanov, Y.; Tong, E.; Blundell, R.; Hedden, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Large-signal frequency response of an HEB mixer: from 300 MHz to terahertz |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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21 |
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3 |
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628-631 |
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waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
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We present a study of the large signal frequency response of an HEB mixer over a wide frequency range. In our experiments, we have subjected the HEB mixer to incident electromagnetic radiation from 0.3 GHz to 1 THz. The mixer element is an NbN film deposited on crystalline quartz. The mixer chip is mounted in a waveguide cavity, coupled to free space with a diagonal horn. At microwave frequencies, electromagnetic radiation is applied through the coaxial bias port of the mixer block. At higher frequencies the input signal passes via the diagonal horn feed. At each frequency, the incident power is varied and a family of I-V curves is recorded. From the curves we identify 3 distinct regimes of operation of the mixer separated by the phonon relaxation frequency and the superconducting energy gap frequency observed at about 3 GHz and 660 GHz respectively. In this paper, we will present observed curves and discuss the results of our experiment. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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719 |
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Author |
Klapwijk, T. M.; Semenov, A. V. |
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Engineering physics of superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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2017 |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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7 |
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6 |
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627-648 |
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HEB mixers |
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Superconducting hot-electron bolometers are presently the best performing mixing devices for the frequency range beyond 1.2 THz, where good-quality superconductor-insulator-superconductor devices do not exist. Their physical appearance is very simple: an antenna consisting of a normal metal, sometimes a normal-metal-superconductor bilayer, connected to a thin film of a narrow short superconductor with a high resistivity in the normal state. The device is brought into an optimal operating regime by applying a dc current and a certain amount of local-oscillator power. Despite this technological simplicity, its operation has found to be controlled by many different aspects of superconductivity, all occurring simultaneously. A core ingredient is the understanding that there are two sources of resistance in a superconductor: a charge-conversion resistance occurring at a normal-metal-superconductor interface and a resistance due to time-dependent changes of the superconducting phase. The latter is responsible for the actual mixing process in a nonuniform superconducting environment set up by the bias conditions and the geometry. The present understanding indicates that further improvement needs to be found in the use of other materials with a faster energy relaxation rate. Meanwhile, several empirical parameters have become physically meaningful indicators of the devices, which will facilitate the technological developments. |
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2156-342X |
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1292 |
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Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E.; Ferri, A.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Sobolewski, R.; Keicher, W. E.; Berggren, K. K. |
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Fabrication development for nanowire GHz-counting-rate single-photon detectors |
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2005 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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15 |
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2 |
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626-630 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We have developed a fabrication process for GHz-counting-rate, single-photon, high-detection-efficiency, NbN, nanowire detectors. We have demonstrated two processes for the device patterning, one based on the standard polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) organic positive-tone electron-beam resist, and the other based on the newer hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) negative-tone spin-on-glass resist. The HSQ-based process is simple and robust, providing high resolution and the prospect of high fill-factors. Initial testing results show superconductivity in the films, and suggest that the devices exhibit photosensitivity. |
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1558-2515 |
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