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Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G.; Orlova, S.; Ptitsina, N.; Gurvich, Y. |
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Title |
Germanium hot-electron narrow-band detector |
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Journal Article |
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1971 |
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Sov. Radio Engineering And Electronic Physics |
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Sov. Radio Engineering And Electronic Physics |
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16 |
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8 |
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1346 |
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Ge HEB detectors |
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Scripps Clinic Res Foundation 476 Prospect St, La Jolla, Ca 92037 |
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1741 |
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Siddiqi, I.; Prober, D. E. |
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Title |
Nb–Au bilayer hot-electron bolometers for low-noise THz heterodyne detection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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84 |
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8 |
Pages |
1404 |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixers, dynamic range, saturation, LO power, local oscillator power, Nb |
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Abstract |
The sensitivity of present Nb diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is not quantum limited, and can be improved by reducing the superconducting transition temperature TC. Lowering TC reduces thermal fluctuations, resulting in a decrease of the mixer noise temperature TM. However, lower TC mixers have reduced dynamic range and saturate more easily due to background noise. We present 30 GHz microwave measurements on a bilayer HEB system, Nb–Au, in which TC can be tuned with Au layer thickness to obtain the maximum sensitivity for a given noise background. These measurements are intended as a guide for the optimization of THz mixers. Using a Nb–Au mixer with TC = 1.6 K, we obtain TM = 50 K with 2 nW of local oscillator (LO) power. Good mixer performance is observed over a wide range of LO power and bias voltage and such a device should not exhibit saturation in a THz receiver. |
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0003-6951 |
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571 |
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Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D. |
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Title |
9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7‐δ thin film |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1418-1420 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
Hot‐electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 μm infrared radiation from two lasers in high‐quality YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to ∼150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be ∼25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The HEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range. |
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0003-6951 |
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1613 |
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Lobanov, Yury; Shcherbatenko, Michael; Shurakov, Alexander; Rodin, Alexander V.; Klimchuk, Artem; Nadezhdinsky, Alexander I.; Maslennikov, Sergey; Larionov, Pavel; Finkel, Matvey; Semenov, Alexander; Verevkin, Aleksandr A.; Voronov, Boris M.; Ponurovsky, Yakov; Klapwijk, Teunis M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. |
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Title |
Heterodyne detection at near-infrared wavelengths with a superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Opt. Lett. |
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39 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1429-1432 |
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Keywords |
HEB, zebra, IR, infrared |
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We report on the development of a highly sensitive optical receiver for heterodyne IR spectroscopy at the communication wavelength of 1.5 μm (200 THz) by use of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer. The results are important for the resolution of narrow spectral molecular lines in the near-IR range for the study of astronomical objects, as well as for quantum optical tomography and fiber-optic sensing. Receiver configuration as well as fiber-to-detector light coupling designs are discussed. Light absorption of the superconducting detectors was enhanced by nano-optical antennas, which were coupled to optical fibers. An intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of about 3 GHz was found in agreement with measurements at 300 GHz, and a noise figure of about 25 dB was obtained that was only 10 dB above the quantum limit. |
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906 |
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Burke, P. J.; Schoelkopf, R. J.; Prober, D. E.; Skalare, A.; Karasik, B. S.; Gaidis, M. C.; McGrath, W. R.; Bumble, B.; Leduc, H. G. |
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Title |
Spectrum of thermal fluctuation noise in diffusion and phonon cooled hot-electron mixers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1516-1518 |
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Keywords |
HEB mixer; thermal fluctuation noise; TFN |
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A systematic study of the intermediate frequency noise bandwidth of Nb thin-film superconducting hot-electron bolometers is presented. We have measured the spectrum of the output noise as well as the conversion efficiency over a very broad intermediate frequency range (from 0.1 to 7.5 GHz) for devices varying in length from 0.08 μm to 3 μm. Local oscillator and rf signals from 8 to 40 GHz were used. For a device of a given length, the spectrum of the output noise and the conversion efficiency behave similarly for intermediate frequencies less than the gain bandwidth, in accordance with a simple thermal model for both the mixing and thermal fluctuation noise. For higher intermediate frequencies the conversion efficiency decreases; in contrast, the noise decreases but has a second contribution which dominates at higher frequency. The noise bandwidth is larger than the gain bandwidth, and the mixer noise is low, between 120 and 530 K (double side band). |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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760 |
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