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Author Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Spectrally multiplexed single-photon detection with hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits: supplementary material Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2017 Publication Optica Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-9  
  Keywords Quantum detectors; Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation; Nanophotonics and photonic crystals; Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; Fluorescence resonance energy transfer; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Imaging techniques; Optical components; Quantum key distribution  
  Abstract This document provides supplementary information to “Spectrally multiplexed single-photon detection with hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits", DOI:10.1364/optica.4.000557. Here we detail the on-chip spectrometer design, its characterization and the experimental setup we used. In addition, we present a detailed report concerning the characterization of the superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. In the final sections, we describe sample preparation and characterization of the nanodiamonds containing silicon vacancy color centers.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Kahl:17 Serial 1218  
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Author Goltsman, G. N.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Lobanov, Y. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. url  openurl
  Title Superconducting nanowire single photon detector for coherent detection of weak optical signals Type Abstract
  Year 2016 Publication LPHYS'16 Abbreviated Journal LPHYS'16  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-2  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Traditionally, photon detectors are operated in a direct detection mode counting incident photonswith a known quantum efficiency. This procedure allows one to detect weak sources of radiation but allthe information about its frequency is limited by the optical filtering/resonating structures used which arenot as precise as would be required for some practical applications. In this work we propose heterodynereceiver based on a photon counting mixer which would combine excellent sensitivity of a photon countingdetector and excellent spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique. At present, Superconducting-Nanowire-Single-Photon-Detectors (SNSPDs) [1] are widely used in a variety of applications providing thebest possible combination of the sensitivity and speed. SNSPDs demonstrate lack of drawbacks like highdark count rate or autopulsing, which are common for traditional semiconductor-based photon detectors,such as avalanche photon diodes.In our study we have investigated SNSPD operated as a photon counting mixer. To fully understandits behavior in such a regime, we have utilized experimental setup based on a couple of distributedfeedback lasers irradiating at 1.5 micrometers, one of which is being the Local Oscillator (LO) and theother mimics the test signal [2]. The SNSPD was operated in the current mode and the bias currentwas slightly below of the critical current. Advantageously, we have found that LO power needed for anoptimal mixing is of the order of hundreds of femtowatts to a few picowatts, which is promising for manypractical applications, such as receiver matrices [3]. With use of the two lasers, one can observe thevoltage pulses produced by the detected photons, and the time distribution of the pulses reproduces thefrequency difference between the lasers, forming power response at the intermediate frequency which canbe captured by either an oscilloscope (an analysis of the pulse statistics is needed) or by an RF spectrumanalyzer. Photon-counting nature of the detector ensures quantum-limited sensitivity with respect to theoptical coupling achieved. In addition to the chip SNSPD with normal incidence coupling, we use thedetectors with a travelling wave geometry design [4]. In this case a NbN nanowire is placed on the topof a Si3N4 nanophotonic waveguide, thus increasing the efficient interaction length. For this reason it ispossible to achieve almost complete absorption of photons and reduce the detector footprint. This reducesthe noise of the device together with the expansion of the bandwidth. Integrated device scheme allowsus to measure the optical losses with high accuracy. Our approach is fully scalable and, along with alarge number of devices integrated on a single chip can be adapted to the mid and far IR ranges wherephoton-counting measurement may be beneficial as well [5].Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of theRussian Federation, contract No. 14.B25.31.0007 and by RFBR grant No. 16-32-00465.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1220  
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Author Saveskul, N. A.; Titova, N. A.; Baeva, E. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Saha, S.; Reddy, H.; Bogdanov, S. I.; Marinero, E. E.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A.; Khrapai, V. S.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. url  openurl
  Title Superconductivity behavior in epitaxial TiN films points at surface magnetic disorder Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2019 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-10  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We analyze the evolution of the normal and superconducting electronic properties in epitaxial TiN films, characterized by high Ioffe-Regel parameter values, as a function of the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, we observe an increase of in the residual resistivity, which becomes dominated by diffusive surface scattering for d≤20nm. At the same time, a substantial thickness-dependent reduction of the superconducting critical temperature is observed compared to the bulk TiN value. In such a high quality material films, this effect can be explained by a weak magnetic disorder residing in the surface layer with a characteristic magnetic defect density of ∼1012cm−2. Our results suggest that surface magnetic disorder is generally present in oxidized TiN films.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1278  
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Author Goltsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting thin film as infrared heterodyne and direct detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication 16th ISEC Abbreviated Journal 16th ISEC  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-3  
  Keywords optical waveguide SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chip-quantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number 8314188 Serial 1323  
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Author Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. url  openurl
  Title Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting – nanophotonic circuits Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2016 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-20  
  Keywords waiveguide SSPD, SNSPD, imaging  
  Abstract The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1334  
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Author Beck, Matthias; Leiderer, Paul; Kabanov, Viktor V.; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Helm, Manfred; Demsar, Jure url  openurl
  Title Energy-gap dynamics of a superconductor NbN studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy Type Abstract
  Year 2012 Publication INIS Abbreviated Journal INIS  
  Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages (up) 1-3  
  Keywords NbN energy gap  
  Abstract Using time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the SC gap in a conventional SC NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the important microscopic constants: the Cooper pair-breaking rate via phonon absorption and the bare quasiparticle recombination rate. From the latter we were able to extract the dimensionless electron-phonon coupling constant, λ=1.1±0.1, in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates. The technique also allowed us to determine the absorbed energy required to suppress SC, which in NbN equals the thermodynamic condensation energy (in cuprates the two differ by an order of magnitude). Finally, we present the first studies of dynamics following resonant excitation with intense narrow band THz pulses tuned to above and below the superconducting gap. These suggest an additional process, particularly pronounced near Tc, that could be attributed to amplification of SC via effective quasiparticle cooling.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1383  
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Author Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Vaks, V. L.; Pripolzin, S. I.; Paveliev, D. G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Heterodyne source of THz range based on semiconductor superlattice multiplier Type Conference Article
  Year 2011 Publication IRMMW-THz Abbreviated Journal IRMMW-THz  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 1-2  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixer, superlattice  
  Abstract We present the results of our studies of the possibility of developing a heterodyne receiver incorporating a hot-electron bolometer mixer as the detector and a semiconductor superlattice multiplier driven by a reference synthesizer as the local oscillator. We observe that such a local oscillator offers enough power in the terahertz range to pump the HEB into the operating state.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number 6105209 Serial 1384  
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Author Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Papis, E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. url  openurl
  Title A method of optimization of the NbN superconducting single-photon detector Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2004 Publication INIS Abbreviated Journal INIS  
  Volume 36 Issue 27 Pages (up) 1-2  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
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  Area Expedition Conference 5-th International Symposium Ion Implantation and Other Applications of Ions and Electrons, ION  
  Notes Reference num. 36060124 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1485  
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Author Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, M.; Sobolewski, R. url  openurl
  Title NbN superconducting single-photon detectors coupled with a communication fiber Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2004 Publication INIS Abbreviated Journal INIS  
  Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages (up) 1-2  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract  
  Address Stare Jablonki, Poland  
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  Area Expedition Conference 8-th Electron Technology Conference ELTE  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1486  
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Author Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting optical single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication CLEO/QELS Abbreviated Journal CLEO/QELS  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) IThD1  
  Keywords SSPD, QE, jitter, dark counts  
  Abstract We review the development of superconducting single-photon detectors. The devices are characterized by experimental quantum efficiency of ~8% for infrared photons, counting rate ~2 GHz, 18 ps jitter, and <0.01 per second dark counts.  
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  Publisher Optical Society of America Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Sobolewski:04 Serial 1489  
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