| Records |
| Author |
Vetter, A.; Ferrari, S.; Rath, P.; Alaee, R.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Diewald, S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Pernice, W. H. P. |
| Title |
Cavity-enhanced and ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Nano Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nano Lett. |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages  |
7085-7092 |
| Keywords |
SSPD; SNSPD; multiphoton detection; nanophotonic circuit; photonic crystal cavity |
| Abstract |
Ultrafast single-photon detectors with high efficiency are of utmost importance for many applications in the context of integrated quantum photonic circuits. Detectors based on superconductor nanowires attached to optical waveguides are particularly appealing for this purpose. However, their speed is limited because the required high absorption efficiency necessitates long nanowires deposited on top of the waveguide. This enhances the kinetic inductance and makes the detectors slow. Here, we solve this problem by aligning the nanowire, contrary to usual choice, perpendicular to the waveguide to realize devices with a length below 1 mum. By integrating the nanowire into a photonic crystal cavity, we recover high absorption efficiency, thus enhancing the detection efficiency by more than an order of magnitude. Our cavity enhanced superconducting nanowire detectors are fully embedded in silicon nanophotonic circuits and efficiently detect single photons at telecom wavelengths. The detectors possess subnanosecond decay ( approximately 120 ps) and recovery times ( approximately 510 ps) and thus show potential for GHz count rates at low timing jitter ( approximately 32 ps). The small absorption volume allows efficient threshold multiphoton detection. |
| Address |
Institute of Physics, University of Munster , 48149 Munster, Germany |
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English |
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1530-6984 |
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PMID:27759401 |
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no |
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Serial |
1208 |
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| Author |
Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman |
| Title |
Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
84 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
5338-5340 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, NEP, QE |
| Abstract |
We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength. |
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0003-6951 |
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532 |
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| Author |
Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Ozhegov, R.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pernice, W.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Sci Rep |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
4812 |
| Keywords |
waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously. |
| Address |
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. ggoltsman@hse.ru |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:28684752; PMCID:PMC5500578 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
Serial |
1129 |
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| Author |
Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. |
| Title |
Detection efficiency of large-active-area NbN single-photon superconducting detectors in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
80 |
Issue |
25 |
Pages |
4687-4689 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE |
| Abstract |
We report our studies on spectral sensitivity of meander-type, superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPDs), characterized by GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons and negligible dark counts. Our SPDs exhibit experimentally determined quantum efficiencies ranging from ∼0.2% at the 1.55 μm wavelength to ∼70% at 0.4 μm. Spectral dependences of the detection efficiency (DE) at the 0.4 to 3.0-μm-wavelength range are presented. The exponential character of the DE dependence on wavelength, as well as its dependence versus bias current, is qualitatively explained in terms of superconducting fluctuations in our ultrathin, submicron-width superconducting stripes. The DE values of large-active-area NbN SPDs in the visible range are high enough for modern quantum communications. |
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no |
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331 |
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| Author |
Gupta, D.; Kadin, A. M. |
| Title |
Single-photon-counting hotspot detector with integrated RSFQ readout electronics |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
4487-4490 |
| Keywords |
RSFQ, SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
Absorption of an infrared photon in an ultrathin film (such as 10-nm NbN) creates a localized nonequilibrium hotspot on the submicron length scale and sub-ns time scale. If a strip /spl sim/1 /spl mu/m wide is biased in the middle of the superconducting transition, this hotspot will lead to a resistance pulse with amplitude proportional to the energy of the incident photon. This resistance pulse, in turn, can be converted to a current pulse and inductively coupled to a SQUID amplifier with a digitized output, operating at 4 K or above. A preliminary design analysis indicates that this data can be processed on-chip, using ultrafast RSFQ digital circuits, to obtain a sensitive infrared detector for wavelengths up to 10 /spl mu/m and beyond, with bandwidth of 1 GHz, that counts individual photons and measures their energy with 25 meV resolution. This proposed device combines the speed of a hot-electron bolometer with the single-photon-counting ability of a transition-edge microcalorimeter, to obtain an infrared detector with sensitivity, speed, and spectral selectivity that are unmatched by any alternative technology. |
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no |
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1080 |
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Korneeva, Y.; Vodolazov, D.; Florya, I.; Manova, N.; Smirnov, E.; Korneev, A.; Mikhailov, M.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
| Title |
Single photon detection in micron scale NbN and α-MoSi superconducting strips |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
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Pages |
04010 (1 to 2) |
| Keywords |
SSPD |
| Abstract |
We experimentally demonstrate the single photon detection in straight micrometer-wide NbN and α-MoSi bridges. Width of the bridges is 2 µm, while the wavelength of the photon changes from 408 to 1550 nm and critical current exceeds 50% of the depairing current. Obtained results offer the alternative route for design of detectors without resonator and meander structure and indirectly confirm vortex assisted mechanism of single photon detection. |
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2100-014X |
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no |
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1319 |
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| Author |
Mohan, Nishant; Minaeva, Olga; Goltsman, Gregory N.; Saleh, Mohammed F.; Nasr, Magued B.; Sergienko, Alexander V.; Saleh, Bahaa E.; Teich, Malvin C. |
| Title |
Ultrabroadband coherence-domain imaging using parametric downconversion and superconducting single-photon detectors at 1064 nm |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Appl. Opt. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
4009–4017 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, SPAD |
| Abstract |
Coherence-domain imaging systems can be operated in a single-photon-counting mode, offering low detector noise; this in turn leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. We have demonstrated that excellent axial resolution can be obtained in a photon-counting coherence-domain imaging (CDI) system that uses light generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a chirped periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (chirped-PPSLT) structure, in conjunction with a niobium nitride superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). The bandwidth of the light generated via SPDC, as well as the bandwidth over which the SSPD is sensitive, can extend over a wavelength region that stretches from 700 to 1500 nm. This ultrabroad wavelength band offers a near-ideal combination of deep penetration and ultrahigh axial resolution for the imaging of biological tissue. The generation of SPDC light of adjustable bandwidth in the vicinity of 1064 nm, via the use of chirped-PPSLT structures, had not been previously achieved. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, we construct images for a hierarchy of samples of increasing complexity: a mirror, a nitrocellulose membrane, and a biological sample comprising onion-skin cells. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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652 |
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Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
| Title |
Superconducting single-photon detector for integrated waveguide spectrometer |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
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Pages |
04009 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, Si3N4 waveguides, waveguide spectrometer |
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We present our recent achievements in the development of an on-chip spectrometer consisting of arrayed waveguide grating made of Si3N4 waveguides and NbN superconducting single-photon detector. |
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2100-014X |
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1199 |
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Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. |
| Title |
Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
73 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
3938-3940 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W,
respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs. |
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0003-6951 |
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1579 |
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Hu, Xiaolong; Zhong, Tian; White, James E.; Dauler, Eric A. Najafi, Faraz; Herder, Charles H.; Wong, Franco N. C.; Berggren, Karl K. |
| Title |
Fiber-coupled nanowire photon counter at 1550 nm with 24% system detection efficiency |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Optics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Lett. |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
3607-3609 |
| Keywords |
SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We developed a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system in a close-cycled cryocooler and achieved 24% and 22% system detection efficiencies at wavelengths of 1550 and 1315 nm, respectively. The maximum dark count rate was ~1000 counts/s. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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679 |
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