Records |
Author |
Tret’yakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Lobastova, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Optimum absorbed heterodyne power for superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
36 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1103-1105 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
Abstract |
Absorbed heterodyne power has been measured in a low-noise broadband hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer for the terahertz range, operating on the effect of electron heating in the resistive state of an ultrathin superconducting NbN film. It is established that the optimum absorbed heterodyne power for the HEB mixer operating at 2.5 THz is about 100 nW. |
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1063-7850 |
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1389 |
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Author |
Semenov, A. D.; Il'in, K.; Siegel, M.; Smirnov, A.; Pavlov, S.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H.-W. |
Title |
Evidence of non-bolometric mixing in the bandwidth of a hot-electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Superconductor Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1051-1056 |
Keywords |
HEB |
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0953-2048 |
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536 |
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Author |
Phillips, T. G.; Jefferts, K. B. |
Title |
A low temperature bolometer heterodyne receiver for Millimeter wave astronomy |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
Volume |
44 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1009-1014 |
Keywords |
InSb HEB mixer |
Abstract |
Liquid helium cooled InSb hot electronbolometers are used in a balanced mixer configuration as detectors for an imagelessmicrowave receiver. The system is designed for mounting at the prime focus of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) 11 m antenna at Kitt Peak, Arizona, and is suitable for the study of rotational line spectra of interstellar gas molecules. Currently the operating frequency is in the 90–140 GHz band where the double sideband system noise temperature is 250 K. |
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Recommended by Klapwijk |
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no |
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927 |
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Author |
Gerecht, E.; Musante, C.F.; Zhuang, Y.; Ji, M.; Yngvesson, K.S.; Goyette, T.; Waldman, J. |
Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixer with intrinsic receiver noise temperature of less than five times the quantum noise limit |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. IMS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1007-1010 |
Keywords |
HEB mixer |
Abstract |
In recent years, improvements in device development and quasi-optical coupling techniques utilizing planar antennas have led to a significant achievement in low noise receivers for the edges of the submillimeter frequency regime. Hot electron bolometric (HEB) receivers made of thin superconducting films such as NbN have produced a viable option for instruments designed to measure the molecular spectra for astronomical applications as well as in remote sensing of the atmosphere in the THz regime. This paper describes an NbN HEB mixer with intrinsic DSB receiver noise temperature of at most five times the quantum noise limit at frequencies as high as 2.24 THz |
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477 |
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Author |
Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer as element of thermal imager matrix |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
36 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1006-1008 |
Keywords |
HEB mixers |
Abstract |
The possibility of using a matrix of sensitive elements on a 12-mm-diameter hyperhemispherical lens in a thermal imager operating in the terahertz range has been studied. Dimensions of a lens region acceptable for arrangement of the matrix, in which the receiver noise temperature varies within 16% of the mean value, are determined to be 3.3% of the lens diameter. Deviations of the main lobe of the directivity pattern are evaluated, which amount to ±1.25° relative to the direction toward the optimum position of a mixer. The fluctuation sensitivity of the receiver measured in experiment is 0.5 K at a frequency of 300 GHz. |
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1063-7850 |
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no |
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1390 |
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Author |
Yagoubov, Pavel; Kroug, Matthias; Merkel, Harald; Kollberg, Erik; Schubert, Josef; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm |
Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixers at frequencies between 0.7 and 3.1 THz |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
989-991 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
The performance of NbN-based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.7-3.1 THz frequency range. The devices are made from a 3.5-4 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The length of the bolometer microbridge is 0.1-0.2 µm; the width is 1-2 µm. The best results of the DSB receiver noise temperature measured at 1.5 GHz intermediate frequency are: 800 K at 0.7 THz, 1100 K at 1.6 THz, 2000 K at 2.5 THz and 4200 K at 3.1 THz. The measurements were performed with a far infrared laser as the local oscillator (LO) source. The estimated LO power requirement is less than 500 nW at the receiver input. First results on spiral antenna polarization measurements are reported. |
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0953-2048 |
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no |
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295 |
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Author |
Tretyakov, I. V.; Anfertyev, V. A.; Revin, L. S.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Vaks, V. L.; Goltsman, G. N. |
Title |
Sensitivity and resolution of a heterodyne receiver based on the NbN HEB mixer with a quantum-cascade laser as a local oscillator |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
988-992 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
Abstract |
We present the results of experimental studies of the basic characteristics and operation features of a terahertz heterodyne detector based on the superconducting NbN HEB mixer and a quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator operating at a frequency of 2.02 THz. The measured noise temperature of such a mixer amounted to 1500 K. The spectral resolution of the detector is determined by the width of the local-oscillator spectral line whose measured value does not exceed 1 MHz. The quantum-cascade laser could be linearly tuned with respect to frequency with the coefficient 7.2 MHz/mA within the limits of the current oscillation bandwidth. |
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0033-8443 |
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no |
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Serial |
1307 |
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Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
Title |
Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Proc. 27th Eur. Microwave Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
972-977 |
Keywords |
HEB mixer, fabrication process |
Abstract |
The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 nm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 um wide and 2 um long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.2 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature. |
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Jerusalem, Israel |
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IEEE |
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27th Eur. Microwave Conf. |
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1075 |
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Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Vaks, V. L.; Pripolzin, S. I.; Pavel’ev, D. G.; Koshurinov, Y. I.; Ivanov, A. S. |
Title |
Semiconducting superlattice as a solid-state terahertz local oscillator for NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. |
Volume |
57 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
971-974 |
Keywords |
semiconducting superlattice frequency multiplier, NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
We present the results of our studies of the semiconducting superlattice (SSL) frequency multiplier and its application as part of the solid state local oscillator (LO) in the terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer. We show that the SSL output power level increases as the ambient temperature is lowered to 4.2 K, the standard HEB operation temperature. |
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1063-7842 |
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no |
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1378 |
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Author |
Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H. W.; Richter, H. |
Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
962-965 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two. |
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312 |
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Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Zorin, M. A.; Sejdman, L. A.; Semenov, A. D. |
Title |
Picosecond range detector base on superconducting niobium nitride film sensitive to radiation in spectral range from millimeter waves up to visible light |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
955-960 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB detectors |
Abstract |
Fast-operating picosecond detector of electromagnetical radiation is developed on the basis of fine superconducting film of niobium nitride with high sensitivity within spectral range from millimetric waves up to visible light. Detector sensitive element represents structure covering narrow parallel strips with micron sizes included in the rupture of microstrip line. Detecting ability of the detector and time constant measured using amplitude-simulated radiation of reverse wave tubes and pulse radiation of picosecond gas and solid-body lasers, constitute D*≅1010 W-1·cm·Hz-1/2 and τ≤5 ps respectively, at 10 K temperature. The expected value of time constant of the detector at 10 K obtained via extrapolation of directly measured dependence that is, τ ∝ τ-1, constitutes 20 ps. Experimental data demonstrate that detection mechanism is linked with electron heating effect. |
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Russian |
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0131-5366 |
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1670 |
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Kawamura, J.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Patt, F.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
Title |
Terahertz-frequency waveguide NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
952-954 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
We have developed a low-noise waveguide heterodyne receiver for operation near 1 THz using phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers. The mixer elements are submicron-sized microbridges of 4 nm-thick NbN film fabricated on a quartz substrate. Operating at a bath temperature of 4.2 K, the double-sideband receiver noise temperature is 760 K at 1.02 THz and 1100 K at 1.26 THz. The local oscillator is provided by solid-state sources, and power measured at the source is less than 1 /spl mu/W. The intermediate frequency bandwidth exceeds 2 GHz. The receiver was used to make the first ground-based heterodyne detection of a celestial spectroscopic line above 1 THz. |
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1558-2515 |
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1546 |
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Author |
Gurevich, A. Vl.; Mints, R. G. |
Title |
Self-heating in normal metals and superconductors |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
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Rev. Mod. Phys. |
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59 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
941-1000 |
Keywords |
HEB, Joule self-heating effect |
Abstract |
This review is devoted to the physics of current-carrying superconductors and normal metals having two or more stable states sustained by Joule self-heating. The creation, propagation, and localization of electrothermal domains and switching waves leading to the transition from one stable state to another in uniform and nonuniform samples are treated in detail. The connection between thermal bistability and hysteresis, dropping and stepped current-voltage characteristics, self-induced oscillations of current and voltage, selfreplication of electrothermal domains, and the formation of periodic and stochastic resistive structures are considered. |
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917 |
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Author |
Hans Ekstrom; Karasik, Boris S.; Kollberg, Erik L.; Sigfrid Yngvesson |
Title |
Conversion gain and noise of niobium superconducting hot–electron–mixers |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
938-947 |
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Nb HEB mixers |
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254 |
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Братман, В.Л.; Литвак, А.Г.; Суворов, Е.В. |
Title |
Освоение терагерцевого диапазона: источники и приложения |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Успехи физических наук |
Abbreviated Journal |
Успехи физ. наук |
Volume |
181 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
867–874 |
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HEB |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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674 |
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