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Author |
Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Subnanosecond switching of YBaCuO films between superconducting and normal states induced by current pulse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4064-4070 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS switches |
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Abstract |
A study is reported of the current switching in high‐quality YBaCuO films deposited onto NdGaO3 and ZrO2 substrates between superconducting (S) and normal (N) states. The films 60–120 nm thick prepared by laser ablation were structured into single strips between gold contacts. The time dependence of the resistance after application of the voltage step to the film was monitored. Experiment performed within certain ranges of voltage amplitudes and temperatures has shown the occurrence of the fast stage (shorter than 400 ps) both in S‐N and N‐S transitions. A fraction of the film resistance changing within this stage in the S‐N transition increases with the current amplitude. A subnanosecond N‐S stage becomes more pronounced for shorter pulses. The fast switching is followed by the much slower change of resistance. The mechanism of switching is discussed in terms of the hot‐electron phenomena in YBaCuO. The contributions of other thermal processes (e.g., a phonon escape from the film, a heat diffusion in the film and substrate, a resistive domain formation) in the subsequent stage of the resistance dynamic have been also discussed. The basic limiting characteristics (average dissipated power, energy needed for switching, maximum repetition rate) of a picosecond switch which is proposed to be developed are estimated. |
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0021-8979 |
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1623 |
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Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Nonequilibrium and bolometric photoresponse in patterned YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1902-1909 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB detector, nonequilibrium response |
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Abstract |
Epitaxial laser deposited YBa2Cu3O7−δ films of ∼50 nm thickness were patterned into detectors consisting of ten parallel 1 μm wide strips in order to study nonequilibrium and bolometric effects. Typically, the patterned samples had critical temperatures around 86 K, transition widths around 2 K and critical current densities above 1×106A/cm2 at 77 K. Pulsed laser measurements at 0.8 μm wavelength (17 ps full width at half maximum) showed a ∼30 ps response, attributed to electron heating, followed by a slower bolometric decay. Amplitude modulation in the band fmod=100 kHz–10 GHz of a laser with wavelength λ=0.8 μm showed two different thermal relaxations in the photoresponse. Phonon escape from the film (∼3 ns) is the limiting process, followed by heat diffusion in the substrate. Similar relaxations were also seen for λ=10.6 μm. The photoresponse measurements were made with the film in the resistive state and extended into the normal state. These states were created by supercritical bias currents. Measurements between 75 and 95 K (i.e., from below to above Tc) showed that the photoresponse was proportional to dR/dT for fmod=1 MHz and 4 GHz. The fast response is limited by the electron‐phonon scattering time, estimated to 1.8 ps from experimental data. The responsivity both at 0.8 and 10.6 μm wavelength was ∼1.2 V/W at fmod=1 GHz and the noise equivalent power was calculated to 1.5×10−9 WHz−1/2 for the fast response. |
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0021-8979 |
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1637 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Steinke, R.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δdetector for far‐infrared radiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
5496-5499 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
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Abstract |
We report on a picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δ detector for far‐infrared radiation. The detector, consisting of a current carrying structure cooled to liquid‐nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far‐infrared laser in the frequency range from 25 to 215 cm−1. We found that the sensitivity (1 mV/W) was almost constant in this frequency range. We estimated a noise equivalent power of less than 5×10−7 W Hz−1/2. Taking into account the results of a mixing experiment (in the frequency range from 4 to 30 cm−1) we suggest that the response time of the detector was few picoseconds. |
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0021-8979 |
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1668 |
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Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E.M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Mirskij, G. I.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
Submillimetric spectrometer-relaxometer based on backward-wave tubes with picosecond time resolution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
125-131 |
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Keywords |
BWO, applications |
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Abstract |
The high-sensitive automatic spectrometer-relaxometer based on backward-wave tubes in the range of 4÷0.25 mm was described permitting to study the response kinetics of sample under investigation in any point of this range with the resolution time of 10-11 s. The relaxation measurements were conducted using oscillation beats of two adequate tubes, the frequency of one of them was fixed, while that of the other one was changeable. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the response under the conditions of synchronous reception was recorded at beat frequency variation from 107 to 1010 Hz. The high sensitivity was reached by decreasing the device recording band down to 100 Hz in the whole measuring range. |
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0032-8162 |
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Serial |
1683 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
Submillimeter backward wave tube spectrometer for measuring superconducting film transmission |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
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26 |
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5 |
Pages |
134-137 |
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Keywords |
BWO spectroscopy, spectrometer, transmission |
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Abstract |
A spectrometer employing six backward wave tubes is described. It is intended for investigation of superconductors in the 0.2-3 mm range of wave lengths. During the measurement of the transmission spectrum it is possible to determine the energy gap for superconduct1ng films 50 to 4000 A thick. The transmission factor can vary from 10-1 to 10-9. Spectrum of relation of film transmission factors in superconducting and normal states is measured for determining the energy gap 2 Δ. The transmission spectrum obtained by means of a computer for vanadium film 300 A thick is given as an example. The energy gap 2 Δ = 1.4 MeV |
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0032-8162 |
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Субмиллиметровый спектрометр с лампами обратной волны для измерения пропускания сверхпроводниковых пленок |
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1713 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semyonov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Heating of electrons in superconductor in the resistive state due to electromagnetic radiation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
207-212 |
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Keywords |
Nb HEB |
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Abstract |
The effect of heating electrons with respect to phonons in a thin superconducting film driven into the resistive state by the current and the external magnetic field has been observed and investigated. This effect caused by the electromagnetic radiation is manifested in the increased resistance of the film and is not selective over the frequency range from 1010 to 1015 Hz. That the effect is frequency independent under the conditions of strong electron scattering caused by static defects is explained by the decisive role of electron -electron collisions in forming the distribution function. The characteristic time of resistance change, obtained experimentally, corresponds to the relaxation time of the order parameter near the superconducting transition and to the relaxation time of the nonelastic electron-phonon interaction at lower temperatures and in lower magnetic fields. |
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0038-1098 |
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1709 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
493-497 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
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Abstract |
The ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter to near infrared. With the rise of radiation frequency the Josephson detection at the grain boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. Electron-phonon relaxation time τeph is determined by direct measurements and analyses quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of τeph at T ≤ 40 K was found to be τeph ∼ T−1. The results show that detectors with the response time of few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable. |
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0038-1098 |
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1685 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Potapov, V. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Restriction of microwave enhancement of superconductivity in impure superconductors due to electron-electron interaction |
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Journal Article |
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1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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75 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
639-641 |
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Keywords |
impure superconductors |
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Abstract |
Transition from microwave enhancement of supercurrent to superconductivity suppression is investigated in impure superconductors. It is demonstrated that the frequency range of the enhancement effect narrows with the decrease of the electron mean free path, l, and at l ⩽ 1 nm electron heating is observed in the whole frequency range. Dependences of frequency boundaries on l are explained by taking into account strong electron-electron interaction in impure metals. |
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0038-1098 |
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1687 |
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Author |
Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulcova, G. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Title |
Direct measurements of energy relaxation time of electrons in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures under quasi-equilibrium conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Surface Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Surface Science |
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Volume |
361-362 |
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569-573 |
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Keywords |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures |
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For the first time, results are presented of a direct measurement of the energy relaxation time τε of 2D electrons in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction at T = 1 and 5–20 K. A weak temperature dependence of τε for the T > 4K range and a linear temperature dependence of the reciprocal of τε for T < 4K have been observed. The linear dependence τε−1 ≈ T in the Bloch-Gruneisen regime is direct evidence of the predominance of the piezo-electric mechanism of electron-phonon interaction in non-elastic electron scattering processes. The values of τε in this regime are in very good agreement with the results of the Karpus theory. At higher temperatures, where the deformation-potential scattering becomes noticeable, a substantial disagreement between the experimental data and the theoretical results is observed. |
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0039-6028 |
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1609 |
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Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gubkina, T. O.; Semash, V. D. |
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Title |
Superconductive properties of ultrathin NbN films on different substrates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1097-1102 |
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NbN films |
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A study was made on dependence of surface resistance, critical temperature and width of superconducting transition on application temperature and thickness of NbN films, which varied within the range of 3-10 nm. Plates of sapphire, fused and monocrystalline quartz, MgO, as well as Si and silicon oxide were used as substrates. NbN films with 160 μθ·cm specific resistance and 16.5 K (Tc) critical temperature were obtained on sapphire substrates. Intensive growth of ΔTc was noted for films, applied on fused quartz, with increase of precipitation temperature. This is explained by occurrence of high tensile stresses in NbN films, caused by sufficient difference of thermal coefficients of expansion of NbN and quartz. |
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0131-5366 |
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Сверхпроводниковые свойства ультратонких пленок NbN на различных подложках |
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1631 |
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Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Zorin, M. A.; Sejdman, L. A.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
Picosecond range detector base on superconducting niobium nitride film sensitive to radiation in spectral range from millimeter waves up to visible light |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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5 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
955-960 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB detectors |
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Abstract |
Fast-operating picosecond detector of electromagnetical radiation is developed on the basis of fine superconducting film of niobium nitride with high sensitivity within spectral range from millimetric waves up to visible light. Detector sensitive element represents structure covering narrow parallel strips with micron sizes included in the rupture of microstrip line. Detecting ability of the detector and time constant measured using amplitude-simulated radiation of reverse wave tubes and pulse radiation of picosecond gas and solid-body lasers, constitute D*≅1010 W-1·cm·Hz-1/2 and τ≤5 ps respectively, at 10 K temperature. The expected value of time constant of the detector at 10 K obtained via extrapolation of directly measured dependence that is, τ ∝ τ-1, constitutes 20 ps. Experimental data demonstrate that detection mechanism is linked with electron heating effect. |
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0131-5366 |
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1670 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Lugovaya, G. Ya.; Serebryakova, N. A.; Chinkova, E. V. |
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Title |
Infrared radiation detectors on the base of electron heating in resistive state films from traditional superconducing materials |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1129-1140 |
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Keywords |
IR HEB detectors |
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Characteristics of infrared radiation detectors based on electron heating in thin superconducting films transformed at T ≤ Tc to a resistive state by transport current and, if necessary, by magnetic field are investigated. A comparison is made of the characteristics of the detectors fabricated of different materials: aluminium, niobium, Mo0.5Re0.5. Some devices with different topology of the reception area are considered. Electron heating detectors are comparable by their sensitivity with superconducting bolometers, but differ in a high fast-response. |
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1673 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Elant'ev, A. I.; Zorin, M. A.; Markin, A. G.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
S-N switching of niobium and YBCO films: limit time and perspective of fast key element creation |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2386-2402 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS switches |
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Abstract |
A study was made on processes of switching of thin niobium film strips between superconducting and normal states under the effect of optical radiation pulse and voltage step. The results are described satisfactorily by the model of spatial homogeneous electron heating. It is shown that limiting switching times can be equal to several shares of nanosecond at 4.2 K. Preliminary results for YBa2Cu3O-7-x films are presented. Prospects and advantages of creation of ducting structures of narrow streps, are discussed. |
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0131-5366 |
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1674 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Semenov, A. D.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Steinke, R.; Renk, K. F.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Ultrafast photoresponse of an YBa2Cu3O7-δ film to far-infrared radiation pulses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Opt. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Lett. |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
96-97 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
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Abstract |
We report the observation of an ultrafast photoresponse of a high-T(c), film to far-infrared radiation pulses. The response of a sample, consisting of a current-carrying structured YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) film cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far-infrared laser in the frequency range from 0.7 to 7 THz. We found that the response time was limited by the time resolution, 120 ps, of our electronic registration equipment. |
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0146-9592 |
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PMID:19802049 |
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1660 |
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Il’in, K.S.; Ptitsina, N.G.; Sergeev, A.V.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Gershenzon, E.M.; Karasik, B.S.; Pechen, E.V.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S.I. |
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Title |
Interrelation of resistivity and inelastic electron-phonon scattering rate in impure NbC films |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
15623-15628 |
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Keywords |
NbC films |
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Abstract |
A complex study of the electron-phonon interaction in thin NbC films with electron mean free path l=2–13nm gives strong evidence that electron scattering is significantly modified due to the interference between electron-phonon and elastic electron scattering from impurities. The interference T2 term, which is proportional to the residual resistivity, dominates over the Bloch-Grüneisen contribution to resistivity at low temperatures up to 60 K. The electron energy relaxation rate is directly measured via the relaxation of hot electrons heated by modulated electromagnetic radiation. In the temperature range 1.5–10 K the relaxation rate shows a weak dependence on the electron mean free path and strong temperature dependence ∼Tn, with the exponent n=2.5–3. This behavior is explained well by the theory of the electron-phonon-impurity interference taking into account the electron coupling with transverse phonons determined from the resistivity data. |
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0163-1829 |
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1585 |
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