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Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. |
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Title |
Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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46 |
Issue |
8/9 |
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604-617 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered. |
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0033-8443 |
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UDC 537.312.62 |
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472 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semyonov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Heating of electrons in superconductor in the resistive state due to electromagnetic radiation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
207-212 |
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Keywords |
Nb HEB |
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Abstract |
The effect of heating electrons with respect to phonons in a thin superconducting film driven into the resistive state by the current and the external magnetic field has been observed and investigated. This effect caused by the electromagnetic radiation is manifested in the increased resistance of the film and is not selective over the frequency range from 1010 to 1015 Hz. That the effect is frequency independent under the conditions of strong electron scattering caused by static defects is explained by the decisive role of electron -electron collisions in forming the distribution function. The characteristic time of resistance change, obtained experimentally, corresponds to the relaxation time of the order parameter near the superconducting transition and to the relaxation time of the nonelastic electron-phonon interaction at lower temperatures and in lower magnetic fields. |
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0038-1098 |
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1709 |
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Bespalov, A.V.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Semenov, A.D.; Renk, K.F. |
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Title |
Determination of the far-infrared emission characteristic of a cyclotron p-germanium laser by use of a superconducting Nb detector |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
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Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
503-506 |
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Keywords |
Nb detector, applications |
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We studied the far-infrared emission characteristics of a cyclotron p-germanium laser using a broad-band superconducting Nb film detector. For magnetic fields between ∼25 kOe and ∼50 kOe, emission in a frequency range from ∼50 cm-1 to ∼100 cm-1 with maximum intensity around 90 cm-1 was obtained. We determined, for fixed magnetic fields, electric field dependences of the emission intensity taking into account that the total electric field is a sum of the applied and the Hall electric field. An analysis of the emission intensity characteristic gives evidence that transitions between the two lowest Landau levels of light holes are responsible for the laser action. |
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0038-1098 |
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1677 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
493-497 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
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Abstract |
The ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter to near infrared. With the rise of radiation frequency the Josephson detection at the grain boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. Electron-phonon relaxation time τeph is determined by direct measurements and analyses quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of τeph at T ≤ 40 K was found to be τeph ∼ T−1. The results show that detectors with the response time of few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable. |
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0038-1098 |
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1685 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Potapov, V. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Restriction of microwave enhancement of superconductivity in impure superconductors due to electron-electron interaction |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
639-641 |
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Keywords |
impure superconductors |
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Abstract |
Transition from microwave enhancement of supercurrent to superconductivity suppression is investigated in impure superconductors. It is demonstrated that the frequency range of the enhancement effect narrows with the decrease of the electron mean free path, l, and at l ⩽ 1 nm electron heating is observed in the whole frequency range. Dependences of frequency boundaries on l are explained by taking into account strong electron-electron interaction in impure metals. |
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0038-1098 |
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1687 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulcova, G. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Direct measurements of energy relaxation time of electrons in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures under quasi-equilibrium conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Surface Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Surface Science |
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361-362 |
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569-573 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures |
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For the first time, results are presented of a direct measurement of the energy relaxation time τε of 2D electrons in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction at T = 1 and 5–20 K. A weak temperature dependence of τε for the T > 4K range and a linear temperature dependence of the reciprocal of τε for T < 4K have been observed. The linear dependence τε−1 ≈ T in the Bloch-Gruneisen regime is direct evidence of the predominance of the piezo-electric mechanism of electron-phonon interaction in non-elastic electron scattering processes. The values of τε in this regime are in very good agreement with the results of the Karpus theory. At higher temperatures, where the deformation-potential scattering becomes noticeable, a substantial disagreement between the experimental data and the theoretical results is observed. |
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0039-6028 |
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1609 |
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Author |
Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gubkina, T. O.; Semash, V. D. |
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Title |
Superconductive properties of ultrathin NbN films on different substrates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1097-1102 |
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Keywords |
NbN films |
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A study was made on dependence of surface resistance, critical temperature and width of superconducting transition on application temperature and thickness of NbN films, which varied within the range of 3-10 nm. Plates of sapphire, fused and monocrystalline quartz, MgO, as well as Si and silicon oxide were used as substrates. NbN films with 160 μθ·cm specific resistance and 16.5 K (Tc) critical temperature were obtained on sapphire substrates. Intensive growth of ΔTc was noted for films, applied on fused quartz, with increase of precipitation temperature. This is explained by occurrence of high tensile stresses in NbN films, caused by sufficient difference of thermal coefficients of expansion of NbN and quartz. |
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Russian |
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0131-5366 |
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Сверхпроводниковые свойства ультратонких пленок NbN на различных подложках |
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1631 |
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Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Zorin, M. A.; Sejdman, L. A.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Picosecond range detector base on superconducting niobium nitride film sensitive to radiation in spectral range from millimeter waves up to visible light |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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5 |
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5 |
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955-960 |
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NbN HEB detectors |
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Fast-operating picosecond detector of electromagnetical radiation is developed on the basis of fine superconducting film of niobium nitride with high sensitivity within spectral range from millimetric waves up to visible light. Detector sensitive element represents structure covering narrow parallel strips with micron sizes included in the rupture of microstrip line. Detecting ability of the detector and time constant measured using amplitude-simulated radiation of reverse wave tubes and pulse radiation of picosecond gas and solid-body lasers, constitute D*≅1010 W-1·cm·Hz-1/2 and τ≤5 ps respectively, at 10 K temperature. The expected value of time constant of the detector at 10 K obtained via extrapolation of directly measured dependence that is, τ ∝ τ-1, constitutes 20 ps. Experimental data demonstrate that detection mechanism is linked with electron heating effect. |
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0131-5366 |
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Serial |
1670 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Lugovaya, G. Ya.; Serebryakova, N. A.; Chinkova, E. V. |
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Title |
Infrared radiation detectors on the base of electron heating in resistive state films from traditional superconducing materials |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1129-1140 |
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Keywords |
IR HEB detectors |
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Characteristics of infrared radiation detectors based on electron heating in thin superconducting films transformed at T ≤ Tc to a resistive state by transport current and, if necessary, by magnetic field are investigated. A comparison is made of the characteristics of the detectors fabricated of different materials: aluminium, niobium, Mo0.5Re0.5. Some devices with different topology of the reception area are considered. Electron heating detectors are comparable by their sensitivity with superconducting bolometers, but differ in a high fast-response. |
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0131-5366 |
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1673 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Elant'ev, A. I.; Zorin, M. A.; Markin, A. G.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
S-N switching of niobium and YBCO films: limit time and perspective of fast key element creation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2386-2402 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS switches |
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A study was made on processes of switching of thin niobium film strips between superconducting and normal states under the effect of optical radiation pulse and voltage step. The results are described satisfactorily by the model of spatial homogeneous electron heating. It is shown that limiting switching times can be equal to several shares of nanosecond at 4.2 K. Preliminary results for YBa2Cu3O-7-x films are presented. Prospects and advantages of creation of ducting structures of narrow streps, are discussed. |
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