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| Author | Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | NbN hot electron bolometric mixerss—a new technology for low-noise THz receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 2519-2527 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | New advances in hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers have recently resulted in record-low receiver noise temperatures at terahertz frequencies. We have developed quasi-optically coupled NbN HEB mixers and measured noise temperatures up to 2.24 THz, as described in this paper. We project the anticipated future performance of such receivers to have even lower noise temperature and local-oscillator power requirement as well as wider gain and noise bandwidths. We introduce a proposal for integrated focal plane arrays of HEB mixers that will further increase the detection speed of terahertz systems. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN  |
1557-9670 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1560 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Photon absorption near the gap frequency in a hot electron bolometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1-4 |
| Keywords | NBN HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | The superconducting energy gap is a fundamental characteristic of a superconducting film, which, together with the applied pump power and the biasing setup, defines the instantaneous resistive state of the Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer at any given bias point on the I-V curve. In this paper we report on a series of experiments, in which we subjected the HEB to radiation over a wide frequency range along with parallel microwave injection. We have observed three distinct regimes of operation of the HEB, depending on whether the radiation is above the gap frequency, far below it or close to it. These regimes are driven by the different patterns of photon absorption. The experiments have allowed us to derive the approximate gap frequency of the device under test as about 585 GHz. Microwave injection was used to probe the HEB impedance. Spontaneous switching between the superconducting (low resistive) state and a quasi-normal (high resistive) state was observed. The switching pattern depends on the particular regime of HEB operation and can assume a random pattern at pump frequencies below the gap to a regular relaxation oscillation running at a few MHz when pumped above the gap. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1331 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Tong, C.-Y. E.; Trifonov, A.; Shurakov, A.; Blundell, R.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | A microwave-operated hot-electron-bolometric power detector for terahertz radiation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2300604 (1 to 4) |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | A new class of microwave-operated THz power detectors based on the NbN hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer is proposed. The injected microwave signal ( 1 GHz) serves the dual purpose of pumping the HEB element and enabling the read-out of the internal state of the device. A cryogenic amplifier amplifies the reflected microwave signal from the device and a homodyne scheme recovers the effects of the incident THz radiation. Two modes of operation have been identified, depending on the level of incident radiation. For weak signals, we use a chopper to chop the incident radiation against a black body reference and a lock-in amplifier to perform synchronous detection of the homodyne readout. The voltage measured is proportional to the incident power, and we estimate an optical noise equivalent power of 5pW/ √Hz at 0.83 THz. At higher signal levels, the homodyne circuit recovers the stream of steady relaxation oscillation pulses from the HEB device. The frequency of these pulses is in the MHz frequency range and bears a linear relationship with the incident THz radiation over an input power range of 15 dB. A digital frequency counter is used to measure THz power. The applicable power range is between 1 nW and 1 μW. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1354 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Baubert, J.; Salez, M.; Merkel, H.; Pons, P.; Cherednichenko, S.; Lecomte, B.; Drakinsky, V.; Goltsman, G.; Leone, B. | ||||
| Title | IF gain bandwidth of membrane-based NbN hot electron bolometers for SHAHIRA | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 507-510 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, applications | ||||
| Abstract | SHAHIRA (Submm Heterodyne Array for HIgh-speed Radio Astronomy) is a project supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) and is designed to fly on the SOFIA observatory. A quasi-optic design has been chosen for 2.5/2.7 THz and 4.7 THz, for hydroxyde radical OH, deuterated hydrogen HD and neutral atomic oxygen OI lines observations. Hot electron bolometers (HEBs) have been processed on 1 /spl mu/m thick SiO/sub 2//Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ stress-less membranes. In this paper we analyse the intermediate frequency (IF) gain bandwidth from the theoretical point of view, and compare it to measurements. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1468 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Jiang, L.; Li, J.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. L.; Shi, S. C.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Characterization of NbN HEB mixers cooled by a close-cycled 4 Kelvin refrigerator | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 511-513 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | It is quite beneficial to operate superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers with a close-cycled 4 Kelvin refrigerator for real applications such as astronomy and atmospheric research. In this paper, a phononcooled NbN HEB mixer (quasioptical type) is thoroughly characterized under such a cooling circumstance. The effects of mechanical vibration, electrical interference, and temperature fluctuation of a two-stage Gifford-McMahon 4 Kelvin refrigerator upon the characteristics of the phononcooled NbN HEB mixer are investigated in particular. Detailed measurement results are presented. | ||||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1469 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kawamura, J.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Patt, F.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | Terahertz-frequency waveguide NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 952-954 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a low-noise waveguide heterodyne receiver for operation near 1 THz using phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers. The mixer elements are submicron-sized microbridges of 4 nm-thick NbN film fabricated on a quartz substrate. Operating at a bath temperature of 4.2 K, the double-sideband receiver noise temperature is 760 K at 1.02 THz and 1100 K at 1.26 THz. The local oscillator is provided by solid-state sources, and power measured at the source is less than 1 /spl mu/W. The intermediate frequency bandwidth exceeds 2 GHz. The receiver was used to make the first ground-based heterodyne detection of a celestial spectroscopic line above 1 THz. | ||||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1546 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Non-equilibrium quasiparticle response to radiation and bolometric effect in YBaCuO films | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 2132-2135 |
| Keywords | YBCO HTS HEB detectors | ||||
| Abstract | The voltage photoresponse of structured current biased YBCO films on different substrates to 20-ps laser pulses of 0.63- mu m and 1.54- mu m wavelengths and to continuously modulated radiation of 2-mm wavelength is measured to temperatures around Tc. Fast picosecond decay of the response to pulsed radiation is followed by slow exponential relaxation with a nanosecond characteristic time depending on the substrate material and film dimensions. The slow component does not depend on wavelength and is attributed to the bolometric effect, while the magnitude of the fast component associated with nonequilibrium response rises with wavelength. More than an order-of-magnitude increase of the nonequilibrium response is seen from near-infrared to millimeter-wave range. This dependence plausibly reflects the low efficiency of multiplication of photoexcited electrons in YBaCuO compared to conventional superconductors. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1659 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. PIERS | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. PIERS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 867 | ||
| Keywords | HEB | ||||
| Abstract | The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe. | ||||
| Address | Moscow, Russia | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | The Electromagnetics Academy | Place of Publication | 777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138 | Editor | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1559-9450 | ISBN | 978-1-934142-09-7 | Medium | |
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast | Serial | 1022 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Pentin, Ivan; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikov, Sergey; Vakhtomin, Yuri; Smirnov, Konstantin; Kaurova, Nataliya; Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
| Title | Superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixers for the mid-IR | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Rus. J. Radio Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
| Volume | Issue | 10 | Pages | ||
| Keywords | IR NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | The work presents the result of development of the NbN superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer. The sensitive element of the mixer is directly coupled to mid-IR radiation, and doesn’t have planar metallic antenna. Investigations of noise characteristics of NbN HEB mixer were performed at the frequency 28.4 THz (λ = 10.6 µm) by using gas-discharge CW CO2-laser without consideration of optical and electrical losses in the heterodyne receiver. The noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer with the size of the sensitive element 10 µm × 10 µm was 2320 K (~ 1.5hν/kB) at the heterodyne frequency of 28.4 THz. The noise temperature was determined by measuring the Y-factor taking into account the term which describes fluctuations of zero-point oscillations in accordance with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of Calle-Welton. Isothermal method was used to estimate the absorbed heterodyne radiation power which was 9 µW at the optimal operating point for the minimum noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer. | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1684-1719 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/oct17/9/abstract.html (Russian) Гетеродинный приемник со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на эффекте электронного разогрева для среднего инфракрасного диапазона | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1747 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Wei, Jian; Olaya, David; Karasik, Boris S.; Pereverzev, Sergey V.; Sergeev, Andrei V.; Gershenson, Michael E. | ||||
| Title | Ultrasensitive hot-electron nanobolometers for terahertz astrophysics | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Nature Nanotechnology | Abbreviated Journal | Nature Nanotech |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 496-500 |
| Keywords | HEB, Ti/NbN, single terahertz photons, detection | ||||
| Abstract | The submillimetre or terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum contains approximately half of the total luminosity of the Universe and 98% of all the photons emitted since the Big Bang. This radiation is strongly absorbed in the Earth's atmosphere, so space-based terahertz telescopes are crucial for exploring the evolution of the Universe. Thermal emission from the primary mirrors in these telescopes can be reduced below the level of the cosmic background by active cooling, which expands the range of faint objects that can be observed. However, it will also be necessary to develop bolometers – devices for measuring the energy of electromagnetic radiation—with sensitivities that are at least two orders of magnitude better than the present state of the art. To achieve this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, two conditions are required. First, the bolometer should be exceptionally well thermally isolated from the environment; second, its heat capacity should be sufficiently small. Here we demonstrate that these goals can be achieved by building a superconducting hot-electron nanobolometer. Its design eliminates the energy exchange between hot electrons and the leads by blocking electron outdiffusion and photon emission. The thermal conductance between hot electrons and the thermal bath, controlled by electron–phonon interactions, becomes very small at low temperatures (10-16 WK-1 at 40 mK). These devices, with a heat capacity of 10-19 J K-1, are sufficiently sensitive to detect single terahertz photons in submillimetre astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting. |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1748-3387 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 576 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Finkel, M.; Maslennikov, S.; Korneeva, Yu.; Florya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Elezov, M.; Ryabchun, S.; Tretyakov, I.; Isupova, A.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting NbN terahertz detectors and infrared photon counters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Вестник НГУ. Серия: физ. | Abbreviated Journal | Вестник НГУ. Серия: физ. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 68-72 |
| Keywords | HEB; HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | We present our recent achievements in the development of sensitive and ultrafast thin-film superconducting sensors: hot-electron bolometers (HEB), HEB-mixers for terahertz range and infrared single-photon counters. These sensors have already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many terahertz and optical applications. Keywords: Hot electron bolometer mixers, infrared single-photon detectors, superconducting device fabrication, superconducting NbN films. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1818-7994 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | УДК 538.9 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 708 | ||
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| Author | Смирнов, Константин Владимирович; Вахтомин, Юрий Борисович; Смирнов, Андрей Владимирович; Ожегов, Роман Викторович; Пентин, Иван Викторович; Дивочий, Александр Валерьевич; Сливинская, Елизавета Вячеславовна; Гольцман, Григорий Наумович | ||||
| Title | Приемники терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов, основанные на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Вестник НГУ. Серия: Физика | Abbreviated Journal | Вестник НГУ. Серия: Физика |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | |
| Keywords | HEB, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | В работе представлены результаты разработки и создания чувствительных и ультрабыстрых приемников, основанных на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах: болометрах на эффекте электронного разогрева (HEB – hot-electron bolometer) и детекторах одиночных фотонов видимого и инфракрасного диапазонов волн (SSPD – superconducting singe-photon detector). Представлены основные принципы работы сверхпроводниковых устройств, технология создания и конструкционные особенности приемников, их основные типы и характеристики. Достигнутые рекордные значения параметров приемных систем позволяют использовать созданные приборы при решении различных научно-исследовательских задач в ближнем, среднем и дальнем ИК диапазонах волн. This work presents the results of the development and fabrication of sensitive and ultrafast detectorsbased on thin film superconducting nanostructures: hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) and visible and infrared superconducting singe photon detectors (SSPDs). The main operational principles of the superconducting devices are presentedas well as the technology of fabrication of the detectors and their main types and parameters. The achieved record parameters of the detectors allow application of the fabricated devices to solution of various research problems in the near, middle and far IR ranges. |
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| Publisher | Новосибирский государственный университет | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Физика | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1818-7994 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | УДК 538.9 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ смирнов2010приемники | Serial | 1033 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Spectral response and noise temperature of a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Procedia | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Procedia |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | Pages | 334-337 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | We report on a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, fabricated with in-situ process. The receiver noise temperature with lowest value of 1180 K is in good agreement with calculated quantum efficiency factor as a function of bias voltage. In addition, the measured spectral response of the spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer shows broad frequency coverage of 0.8-3 THz, and corrected response for optical losses, FTS, and coupling efficiency between antenna and bolometer falls with frequency due to diffraction-limited beam of lens/antenna combination. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1875-3892 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1381 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Jiang, L.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Li, J.; Shi, S. C.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Characterization of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. PIERS | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. PIERS |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 587-590 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we report the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB (hot electron bolome-ter) mixer measured at 500 GHz. The quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer is cryogenically cooled bya 4-K close-cycled refrigerator. Its receiver noise temperature and conversion gain are thoroughly investigatedfor different LO pumping levels and dc biases. The lowest receiver noise temperature is found to be approxi-mately 1200 K, and reduced to about 445 K after correcting theloss of the measurement system. The stabilityof the mixer’s IF output power is also demonstrated. | ||||
| Address | Hangzhou, China | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1931-7360 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1482 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gousev, Y. P.; Elant’ev, A. I.; Semenov, A. D. | ||||
| Title | Electromagnetic radiation mixer based on electron heating in resistive state of superconductive Nb and YBaCuO films | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Magn. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Magn. |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1317-1320 |
| Keywords | YBCO, HTS, Nb HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | A theory of an electron-heating mixer which makes it possible to calculate all the characteristics of the device is developed. It is shown that positive conversion gain is possible for such a mixer in the millimeter to near-infrared wavelength range. The dynamic range and the optimum heterodyne power can be selected from a very wide interval by varying the mixing element volume. Measurements made for Nb within the frequency range of 120-750 GHz confirm the theory. The conversion loss obtained at T=1.6 K and normalized to the element reaches 0.3 dB in the intermediate frequency band of 40 MHz; the possible noise temperature is 50 K. The estimation of noise temperature and output band for YBaCuO at T=77 yields 200 K and more than 10 GHz, respectively. | ||||
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| ISSN |
1941-0069 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1681 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||