Semenov, A. D., Nebosis, R. S., Gousev, Y. P., Heusinger, M. A., & Renk, K. F. (1995). Analysis of the nonequilibrium photoresponse of superconducting films to pulsed radiation by use of a two-temperature model. Phys. Rev. B, 52(1), 581–590.
Abstract: Photoresponse of a superconducting film in the resistive state to pulsed radiation has been studied in the framework of a model assuming that two different effective temperatures can be assigned to the quasiparticle and phonon nonequilibrium distributions. The coupled electron-phonon-substrate system is described by a system of time-dependent energy-balance differential equations for effective temperatures. An analytical solution of the system is given and calculated voltage transients are compared with experimental photoresponse signals taking into account the radiation pulse shape and the time resolution of the readout electronics. It is supposed that a resistive state (vortices, fluxons, network of intergrain junctions, hot spots, phase slip centers) provides an ultrafast connection between electron temperature changes and changes of the film resistance and thus plays a minor role in the temporal evolution of the response. In accordance with experimental observations a two-component response was revealed from simulations. The slower component corresponds to a bolometric mechanism while the fast component is connected with the relaxation of the electron temperature. Calculated photoresponse transients are presented for different ratios of the electron and phonon specific heat, radiation pulse durations and fluences, and frequency band passes of registration electronics. From the amplitude of the bolometric component we determine the radiation energy absorbed in a film. This enables us to reveal an intrinsic electron-phonon scattering time even if it is much shorter than the time resolution of readout electronics. We analyze experimental voltage transients for NbN, YBa2Cu3O7, and TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9 superconducting films and find the electron-phonon interaction times at the transition temperatures of 17, 2.5, and 1.8 ps, respectively. The values are in reasonable agreement with data of other experiments.
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Romijn, J., Klapwijk, T. M., Renne, M. J., & Mooij, J. E. (1982). Critical pair-breaking current in superconducting aluminum strips far below Tc. Phys. Rev. B, 26(7), 3648–3655.
Abstract: Critical currents of narrow, thin aluminum strips have been measured as a function of temperature. For the smallest samples uniformity of the current density is obtained over a large temperature range. Hence the intrinsic limit on the currentcarrying capacity of the superconductor was measured outside the Ginzburg-Landau -regime. The experimental values are compared with recent theoretical predictions by Kupriyanov and Lukichev. An approximate method of solving their equations is given, the results of which agree with the exact solution to within 1%. Experimental data are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The absolute values agree if one assumes a Ïl value of 4×10–16 Ωm2 with vF=1.3×106 m/s. This value for Ïl is the same as that found from measurements of the anomalous skin effect but differs from values extracted from size-effect-limited resistivity.
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Huard, B., Pothier, H., Esteve, D., & Nagaev, K. E. (2007). Electron heating in metallic resistors at sub-Kelvin temperature. Phys. Rev. B, 76, 165426(1–9).
Abstract: In the presence of Joule heating, the electronic temperature in a metallic resistor placed at sub-Kelvin temperatures can significantly exceed the phonon temperature. Electron cooling proceeds mainly through two processes: electronic diffusion to and from the connecting wires and electron-phonon coupling. The goal of this paper is to present a general solution of the problem in a form that can easily be used in practical situations. As an application, we compute two quantities that depend on the electronic temperature profile: the second and the third cumulant of the current noise at zero frequency, as a function of the voltage across the resistor. We also consider time-dependent heating, an issue relevant for experiments in which current pulses are used, for instance, in time-resolved calorimetry experiments.
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Boogaard, G. R., Verbruggen, A. H., Belzig, W., & Klapwijk T.M. (2004). Resistance of superconducting nanowires connected to normal-metal leads. Phys. Rev. B, 69, 220503(R)(1–4).
Abstract: We study experimentally the low temperature resistance of superconducting nanowires connected to normal metal reservoirs. Wefind that a substantial fraction of the nanowires is resistive, down to the lowest tempera-ture measured, indicative of an intrinsic boundary resistance due to the Andreev-conversion of normal current to supercurrent. The results are successfully analyzed in terms of the kinetic equations for diffusive superconductors.
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Ptitsina N. G., Chulkova G. M., Il'in K. S., Sergeev A. V., Pochinkov F. S., & Gershenzon E. M. (1997). Superconductivity has been found in a number of new compounds between the non-superconducting transition elements and nonmetals such as Si, Ge, and Te. These findings have suggested possible criteria for superconductivity in both elements and compounds. Phys. Rev. B, 56(16).
Abstract: The temperature dependence of the resistance of films of Al, Be, and NbC with small values of the electron mean free path L=1.5– 10 nm has been measured at 4.2–300 K. The resistance of all the films contains a T^2 contribution that is proportional to the residual resistance; this contribution has been attributed to the interference between the elastic electron scattering and the electron-phonon scattering. Fitting the data to the theory of the electron-phonon-impurity interference „M. Yu. Reiser and A. V. Sergeev, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 92, 224 ~1987! @Sov. Phys. JETP 65, 1291 ~1987!#…, we obtain constants of nteraction of the electrons with transverse phonons, and estimate the contribution of this interaction to the electron dephasing rate in thin films of Au, Al, Be, Nb, and NbC. Our estimates are in a good agreement with the experimental data on the inelastic electronphonon scattering in these films. This indicates that the interaction of electrons with transverse phonons controls the electron-phonon relaxation rate in thin-metal films over a broad temperature range.
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