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Wild, W., Kardashev, N. S., Likhachev, S. F., Babakin, N. G., Arkhipov, V. Y., Vinogradov, I. S., et al. (2009). Millimetron—a large Russian-European submillimeter space observatory. Exp. Astron., 23(1), 221–244.
Abstract: Millimetron is a Russian-led 12 m diameter submillimeter and far-infrared space observatory which is included in the Space Plan of the Russian Federation for launch around 2017. With its large collecting area and state-of-the-art receivers, it will enable unique science and allow at least one order of magnitude improvement with respect to the Herschel Space Observatory. Millimetron will be operated in two basic observing modes: as a single-dish observatory, and as an element of a ground-space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) system. As single-dish, angular resolutions on the order of 3 to 12 arc sec will be achieved and spectral resolutions of up to a million employing heterodyne techniques. As VLBI antenna, the chosen elliptical orbit will provide extremely large VLBI baselines (beyond 300,000 km) resulting in micro-arc second angular resolution.
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Goltsman, G. N., Maliavkin, A. V., Ptitsina, N. G., & Selevko, A. G. (1986). Magnetic exciton spectroscopy in uniaxially compressed Ge at submillimeter waves. In Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya (Vol. 50, pp. 280–281).
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Aksaev, E. E., Gershenzon, E. M., Gershenson, M. E., Goltsman, G. N., Semenov, A. D., & Sergeev, A. V. (1989). Prospects for using high-temperature superconductors to create electron bolometers. Pisma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 15(14), 88–93.
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Shangina, E. L., Smirnov, K. V., Morozov, D. V., Kovalyuk, V. V., Goltsman, G. N., Verevkin, A. A., et al. (2011). Concentration dependence of energy relaxation time in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions: direct measurements. Semicond. Sci. Technol., 26(2), 025013.
Abstract: We present measurements of the energy relaxation time, τε, of electrons in a single heterojunction in a quasi-equilibrium state using microwave time-resolved spectroscopy at 4.2 K. We find the relaxation time has a power-law dependence on the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas, τε∝nγs with γ = 0.40 ± 0.02 for values of the carrier density, ns, from 1.6 × 1011 to 6.6 × 1011cm−2. The results are in good agreement with predictions taking into account the scattering of the carriers by both piezoelectric and deformation potential acoustic phonons. We compare these results with indirect measurements of the energy relaxation time from energy loss measurements involving Joule heating of the electron gas.
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Tretyakov, I. V., Finkel, M. I., Ryabchun, S. A., Kardakova, A. I., Seliverstov, S. V., Petrenko, D. V., et al. (2014). Hot-electron bolometer mixers with in situ contacts. Radiophys. Quant. Electron., 56(8-9), 591–598.
Abstract: We report on the latest achievements in the development of superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers for terahertz superheterodyne receivers. We consider application ranges of such receivers and requirements for the basic characteristics of the mixers. Main features of the mixers, such as noise temperature, gain bandwidth, noise bandwidth, and required local-oscillator power, have been improved significantly over the past few years due to intense research work, both in terms of the element fabrication quality and in terms of understanding of the physics of the processes occurring in the HEB mixers. Contacts between the superconducting bridge and the planar antenna play a key role in the mixer operation. Improvement of the quality of the contacts leads simultaneously to a decrease in the noise temperature and an increase in the gain bandwidth of a mixer.
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