| Records |
| Author |
Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. |
| Title |
Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
46 |
Issue |
8/9 |
Pages |
604-617 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered. |
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0033-8443 |
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UDC 537.312.62 |
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472 |
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Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Petrenko, D. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Hot-electron bolometer mixers with in situ contacts |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
591-598 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We report on the latest achievements in the development of superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers for terahertz superheterodyne receivers. We consider application ranges of such receivers and requirements for the basic characteristics of the mixers. Main features of the mixers, such as noise temperature, gain bandwidth, noise bandwidth, and required local-oscillator power, have been improved significantly over the past few years due to intense research work, both in terms of the element fabrication quality and in terms of understanding of the physics of the processes occurring in the HEB mixers. Contacts between the superconducting bridge and the planar antenna play a key role in the mixer operation. Improvement of the quality of the contacts leads simultaneously to a decrease in the noise temperature and an increase in the gain bandwidth of a mixer. |
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0033-8443 |
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no |
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Serial |
1170 |
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Tretyakov, I. V.; Anfertyev, V. A.; Revin, L. S.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Vaks, V. L.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Sensitivity and resolution of a heterodyne receiver based on the NbN HEB mixer with a quantum-cascade laser as a local oscillator |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
988-992 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
| Abstract |
We present the results of experimental studies of the basic characteristics and operation features of a terahertz heterodyne detector based on the superconducting NbN HEB mixer and a quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator operating at a frequency of 2.02 THz. The measured noise temperature of such a mixer amounted to 1500 K. The spectral resolution of the detector is determined by the width of the local-oscillator spectral line whose measured value does not exceed 1 MHz. The quantum-cascade laser could be linearly tuned with respect to frequency with the coefficient 7.2 MHz/mA within the limits of the current oscillation bandwidth. |
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0033-8443 |
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no |
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1307 |
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Seliverstov, S. V.; Anfertyev, V. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Ozheredov, I. A.; Solyankin, P. M.; Revin, L. S.; Vaks, V. L.; Rusova, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Shkurinov, A. P. |
| Title |
Terahertz heterodyne receiver with an electron-heating mixer and a heterodyne based on the quantum-cascade laser |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
518-524 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer, QCL |
| Abstract |
We study characteristics of the laboratory prototype of a terahertz heterodyne receiver with an electron-heating mixer and a heterodyne based on the quantum-cascade laser. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility to use this receiver as a basis for creation of a high-sensitivity terahertz spectrometer, which can be used in many basic and practical applications. A significant advantage of this receiver will be the possibility of placing the mixer and heterodyne in the same cryostat, which will reduce the device dimensions considerably. The obtained experimental results are analyzed, and methods of optimizing the parameters of the receiver are proposed. |
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0033-8443 |
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no |
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1322 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V. |
| Title |
Low noise hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz frequencies |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
| Volume |
151 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
575-579 |
| Keywords |
HEB, mixer, gain bandwidth, MgB2 |
| Abstract |
Hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are used in many low noise heterodyne radio astronomical receivers. Their noise temperature is at the level of 10–15 times the quantum limit. However, their gain bandwidth is a serious limiting factor. Here we review the state of the art of the HEB mixers gain bandwidth for different materials and substrates. We compare the gain bandwidth of HEB mixers made on bulk substrates and thin membranes. Finally, results for MgB2 thin films for broadband HEB mixers are discussed. |
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0022-2291 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ |
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553 |
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Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Kooi, J. W.; Jellema, W.; Yang, Z. Q. |
| Title |
Full characterization and analysis of a terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot electron bolometer |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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| Volume |
100 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
074507 |
| Keywords |
HEB |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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385 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
Design and performance of the lattice-cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
88 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
6758-6767 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer, charge imbalance, HF current distribution |
| Abstract |
We present the measurements and the theoreticalmodel of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance. |
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| ISSN |
0021-8979 |
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no |
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306 |
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Burke, P. J.; Schoelkopf, R. J.; Prober, D. E.; Skalare, A.; Karasik, B. S.; Gaidis, M. C.; McGrath, W. R.; Bumble, B.; LeDuc, H. G. |
| Title |
Mixing and noise in diffusion and phonon cooled superconducting hot-electron bolometers |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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| Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1644-1653 |
| Keywords |
HEB, mixer |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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556 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Krieg, J.-M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Desmaris, V. |
| Title |
Gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
101 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
124508 (1 to 6) |
| Keywords |
HEB, mixer, membrane |
| Abstract |
The gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on electrically thin Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was experimentally investigated and compared with that of HEB mixers on bulk substrates. A gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz is achieved on bulk silicon, whereas the gain bandwidth is reduced down to 0.6–0.9 GHz for mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. We show that application of a MgO buffer layer on the membrane extends the gain bandwidth to 3 GHz. The experimental data were analyzed using the film-substrate acoustic mismatch approach. |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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560 |
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Rasulova, G. K.; Pentin, I. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Khabibullin, R. A.; Klimov, E. A.; Klochkov, A. N.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Pulsed terahertz radiation from a double-barrier resonant tunneling diode biased into self-oscillation regime |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
128 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
224303 (1 to 11) |
| Keywords |
HEB, resonant tunneling diode, RTD |
| Abstract |
The study of the bolometer response to terahertz (THz) radiation from a double-barrier resonant tunneling diode (RTD) biased into the negative differential conductivity region of the I–V characteristic revealed that the RTD emits two pulses in a period of intrinsic self-oscillations of current. The bolometer pulse repetition rate is a multiple of the fundamental frequency of the intrinsic self-oscillations of current. The bolometer pulses are detected at two critical points with a distance between them being half or one-third of a period of the current self-oscillations. An analysis of the current self-oscillations and the bolometer response has shown that the THz photon emission is excited when the tunneling electrons are trapped in (the first pulse) and then released from (the second pulse) miniband states. |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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1262 |
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