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Martini, F.; Cibella, S.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R. |
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Title |
Waveguide integrated hot electron bolometer for classical and quantum photonics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Opt. Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
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29 |
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6 |
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7956-7965 |
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Keywords |
waveguide HEB |
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The development of performant integrated detectors, which are sensitive to quantum fluctuations of coherent light, are strongly desired to realize a scalable and determinist photonic quantum processor based on continuous variables states of light. Here, we investigate the performance of hot electron bolometers (HEBs) fabricated on top of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic circuit showing responsivities up to 8600 V/W and a record noise equivalent temperature of 1.1 dB above the quantum limit. Thanks to a detailed analysis of the noise sources of the waveguide integrated HEB, we estimate 14.8 dBV clearance between the shot noise and electrical noise with just 1.1microW of local oscillator power. The full technology compatibility with superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) opens the possibility of nonclassical state engineering and state tomography performed within the same platform, enabling a new class of optical quantum processors. |
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1094-4087 |
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PMID:33820252 |
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1212 |
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de Lara, D. Perez; Ejrnaes, M.; Casaburi, A.; Lisitskiy, M.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Golt’sman, G.; Voronov, B. |
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Feasibility investigation of NbN nanowires as detector in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins) |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
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151 |
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3-4 |
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771-776 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, nanowires |
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We are investigating the possibility of using NbN nanowires as detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for investigation of macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins). NbN nanowires could overcome the two major drawbacks encountered so far by cryogenic detectors, namely the low working temperature in the mK region and the slow temporal response. In fact, NbN nanowires can work at 5 K and the response time is at least a factor 10–100 better than that of other cryogenic detectors. We present a feasibility study based on a numerical code to calculate the response of a NbN nanowire. The parameter space is investigated at different energies from IR to macromolecules (i.e. from eV to keV) in order to understand if larger value of film thickness and width can be used for the keV energy region. We also present preliminary experimental results of irradiation with X-ray photons of NbN to simulate the effect of macromolecules of the same energy. |
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0022-2291 |
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1410 |
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Ejrnaes, M.; Cristiano, R.; Quaranta, O.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Title |
A cascade switching superconducting single photon detector |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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91 |
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26 |
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262509 (1 to 3) |
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SSPD, SNSPD, parallel-wire |
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We have realized superconducting single photon detectors with reduced inductance and increased signal pulse amplitude. The detectors are based on a parallel connection of ultrathin NbN nanowires with a common bias inductance. When properly biased, an absorbed photon induces a cascade switch of all the parallel wires generating a signal pulse amplitude of 2mV. The parallel wire configuration lowers the detector inductance and reduces the response time well below 1ns.
This work was performed in the framework of the EU project “SINPHONIA” NMP4-CT-2005-016433. |
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0003-6951 |
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1418 |
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Marsili, F.; Bitauld, D.; Fiore, A.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Mattioli, F.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Minaeva, O.; Goltsman, G. |
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Superconducting parallel nanowire detector with photon number resolving functionality |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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J. Modern Opt. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Modern Opt. |
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56 |
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2-3 |
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334-344 |
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PNR; SSPD; SNSPD; thin superconducting films; photon number resolving detector; multiplication noise; telecom wavelength; NbN |
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We present a new photon number resolving detector (PNR), the Parallel Nanowire Detector (PND), which uses spatial multiplexing on a subwavelength scale to provide a single electrical output proportional to the photon number. The basic structure of the PND is the parallel connection of several NbN superconducting nanowires (100 nm-wide, few nm-thick), folded in a meander pattern. Electrical and optical equivalents of the device were developed in order to gain insight on its working principle. PNDs were fabricated on 3-4 nm thick NbN films grown on sapphire (substrate temperature TS=900C) or MgO (TS=400C) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering in an Ar/N2 gas mixture. The device performance was characterized in terms of speed and sensitivity. The photoresponse shows a full width at half maximum (FWHM) as low as 660ps. PNDs showed counting performance at 80 MHz repetition rate. Building the histograms of the photoresponse peak, no multiplication noise buildup is observable and a one photon quantum efficiency can be estimated to be QE=3% (at 700 nm wavelength and 4.2 K temperature). The PND significantly outperforms existing PNR detectors in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, speed, and multiplication noise. |
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0950-0340 |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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701 |
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Sprengers, J. P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Jahanmirinejad, S.; Frucci, G.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore A. |
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Title |
Waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
99 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
181110(1-3) |
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Keywords |
optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD |
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The monolithic integration of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits, and single-photon detectors enables complex and scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits, for application in linear-optics quantum computing and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a key component of such a circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (~0%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (~0 ps), and response time in the ns range and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks, and modulators. |
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847 |
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