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Author Novotny, Lukas; van Hulst, Niek
Title Antennas for light Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.
Volume 5 Issue (down) 2 Pages 83-90
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Optical antennas are devices that convert freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy, and vice versa. They enable the control and manipulation of optical fields at the nanometre scale, and hold promise for enhancing the performance and efficiency of photodetection, light emission and sensing. Although many of the properties and parameters of optical antennas are similar to their radiowave and microwave counterparts, they have important differences resulting from their small size and the resonant properties of metal nanostructures. This Review summarizes the physical properties of optical antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 748
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Author Hocker, L. O.; Sokoloff, D. R.; Daneu, V.; Szoke, A.; Javan, A.
Title Frequency mixing in the infrared and far-infrared using a metal-to-metal point contact diode Type Journal Article
Year 1968 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys Lett
Volume 12 Issue (down) 12 Pages
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Metal‐to‐metal point contact diodes were used to obtain the 54‐GHz beat notes between two adjacent 10.6‐μ CO2 laser transitions. The speed of the diodes in the far‐infrared is at least 1000 GHz. This was tested with a 337‐μ HCN laser.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 742
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Author Gonzalez, F.J.; Ilic, B.; Alda, J.; Boreman, G.D.
Title Antenna-coupled infrared detectors for imaging applications Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue (down) 1 Pages 117 - 120
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) are a critical component in advanced infrared imaging systems. IRFPAs are made up of two parts, a detector array and a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) multiplexer. Current ROIC technology has typical pitch sizes of 20×20 to 50×50 μm2. In order to make antenna-coupled detectors suited for infrared imaging systems, two-dimensional (2-D) arrays have been fabricated that cover a whole pixel area with the penalty of increasing the noise figure of the detector and, therefore, reducing its performance. By coupling a Fresnel zone plate lens to a single element antenna-coupled detector, infrared radiation can be collected over a typical pixel area and still keep low-noise levels. A Fresnel zone plate lens coupled to a single-element square-spiral-coupled infrared detector has been fabricated and its performance compared to single element antenna-coupled detectors and 2-D arrays of antenna coupled detectors. Measurements made at 10.6 μm showed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in SNR and a ~× increase in D* as compared to 2-D arrays of antenna-coupled detectors.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 741
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Author Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K.
Title Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with optical nano-antennae Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 19 Issue (down) 1 Pages 17-31
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Optical nano-antennae have been integrated with semiconductor lasers to intensify light at the nanoscale and photodiodes to enhance photocurrent. In quantum optics, plasmonic metal structures have been used to enhance nonclassical light emission from single quantum dots. Absorption and detection of single photons from free space could also be enhanced by nanometallic antennae, but this has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we use nano-optical transmission effects in a one-dimensional gold structure, combined with optical cavity resonance, to form optical nano-antennae, which are further used to couple single photons from free space into a 80-nm-wide superconducting nanowire. This antenna-assisted coupling enables a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with 47% device efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 9-μm-by-9-μm active area while maintaining a reset time of only 5 ns. We demonstrate nanoscale antenna-like structures to achieve exceptional efficiency and speed in single-photon detection.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 745
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Author Heeres, R.W.; Dorenbos, S.N.; Koene, B.; Solomon, G.S.; Kouwenhoven, L.P.; Zwiller, V.
Title On-Chip Single Plasmon Detection Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Nano Letters Abbreviated Journal Nano Lett.
Volume 10 Issue (down) Pages 661-664
Keywords optical antennas; SSPD; Single surface plasmons; superconducting detectors; semiconductor quantum dots; nanophotonics
Abstract Surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons) have the potential to interface electronic and optical devices. They could prove extremely useful for integrated quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate on-chip electrical detection of single plasmons propagating along gold waveguides. The plasmons are excited using the single-photon emission of an optically emitting quantum dot. After propagating for several micrometers, the plasmons are coupled to a superconducting detector in the near-field. Correlation measurements prove that single plasmons are being detected.
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Call Number RPLAB @ akorneev @ Serial 620
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Author Boreman, Glenn D.
Title A Users guide to IR detectors Type Conference Article
Year 2001 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 4420 Issue (down) Pages 79-90
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract This paper will guide the first-time user toward proper selection and use of IR detectors for applications in industrial inspection, process control, and laser measurements.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 735
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Author Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Yang, Joel K. W.; White, James E.; Herder, Charles H.; Berggren, Karl K.
Title Using surface plasmons to enhance the speed and efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
Year 2009 Publication Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2009 and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference Abbreviated Journal Proc of Conf. on Lasers and El.-Opt.
Volume Issue (down) Pages 1-2
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract We report our design and fabrication of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with gold plasmonic nanostructures, which can enhance the absorption of TM-polarized light, and can enlarge the effective area without sacrificing detector speed.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 744
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Author Kosako, Terukazu; Kadoya, Yutaka; Hofmann, Holger F.
Title Directional control of light by a nano-optical Yagi–Uda antenna Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.
Volume 4 Issue (down) Pages 312 - 315
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract The plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles can direct light from optical emitters in much the same way that radiofrequency antennas direct the emission from electrical circuits. Recently, rapid progress has been made in the realization of single-element antennas for optical waves. Because most of these devices are designed to optimize the local near-field coupling between the antenna and an emitter, the possibility of modifying the spatial radiation pattern has not yet received as much attention. In the radiofrequency regime, a typical antenna design for high directivity is the Yagi–Uda antenna, which essentially consists of a one-dimensional array of antenna elements driven by a single feed element. By fabricating a corresponding array of nanoparticles, similar radiation patterns can be obtained in the optical regime. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of directional control of radiation from a nano-optical Yagi–Uda antenna composed of appropriately tuned gold nanorods.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 747
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Author Saynak, UÄŸur
Title Novel rectangular spiral antennas Type Manuscript
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (down) Pages
Keywords optical antennas
Abstract Round spiral antennas are generally designed by using Archimedean spiral geometries which have linear growth rates. To obtain smaller antennas with nearly the same performance, square spiral Archimedean geometries are also widely used instead. In this study, novel square antennas are proposed, designed and examined. At first two similar but different approaches are employed to design new antennas by considering the design procedure used to obtain log-periodic antennas. Then, the performance of these antennas is improved by considering another property of log-periodic antennas. Simulations are performed by using two different numerical methods which are Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) and Method of Moments (MoM). The results obtained from the simulations are compared with those of the Archimedean spiral antennas in terms of the frequency dependency of fundamental antenna parameters such as antenna gain and radiation pattern. The simulation results are compared with the ones obtained from the experimental study.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 750
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Author Kramer, B.; Chen, C-C.; Volakis, J.D.
Title The development of a mini-UWB antenna Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Measurement and Techniques Association Symposium Abbreviated Journal AMTA
Volume Issue (down) Pages 6
Keywords optical antennas; Ultra Wide Band; Spiral Antenna, Dielectric Loading
Abstract There is a great interest in the automotive and military sectors for small and broadband antennas that meet modern communication needs. These needs require ultra-wide bandwidth (>10:1) UWB antennas, such as the spiral antenna. However, the physical size at the low-frequency end typically becomes too large for practical applications. To reduce the size of the antenna, miniaturization techniques must be employed such as the use of high-contrast dielectric materials. Size reduction using high-contrast materials has been demonstrated for narrowband antennas, such as patch antennas, but not for broadband antennas to our knowledge. Therefore, the concept of miniaturizing a broadband spiral antenna using dielectric materials will be investigated experimentally and numerically.Issues that arise from dielectric loading such as impedance reduction will also be addressed. It will be shown using the results from these studies that there are practical limitations to the amount of miniaturization which can be achieved.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 751
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