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| Author | Vercruyssen, N.; Verhagen, T. G. A.; Flokstra, M. G.; Pekola, J. P.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
| Title | Evanescent states and nonequilibrium in driven superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
| Volume | 85 | Issue  |
Pages | 224503(1-10) | |
| Keywords | Al HEB, Al superconducting nanowire, global state, bimodal state, quasiclassical kinetic equations, Usadel equation | ||||
| Abstract | We study the nonlinear response of current transport in a superconducting diffusive nanowire between normal reservoirs. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the existence of two different superconducting states appearing when the wire is driven out of equilibrium by an applied bias, called the global and bimodal superconducting states. The different states are identified by using two-probe measurements of the wire, and measurements of the local density of states with tunneling probes. The analysis is performed within the framework of the quasiclassical kinetic equations for diffusive superconductors. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 898 | |||
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| Author | Pütz, P.; Honingh, C. E.; Jacobs, K.; Justen, M.; Schultz, M.; Stutzki, J. | ||||
| Title | Terahertz hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers for GREAT | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Astron. Astrophys. | Abbreviated Journal | A&A |
| Volume | 542 | Issue |
Pages | L2 | |
| Keywords | HEB mixer, applications | ||||
| Abstract | Context. Supplementing the publications based on the first-light observations with the German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz frequencies (GREAT) on SOFIA, we present background information on the underlying heterodyne detector technology. This Letter complements the GREAT instrument Letter and focuses on the mixers itself. Aims. We describe the superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) detectors that are used as frequency mixers in the L1 (1400 GHz), L2 (1900 GHz), and M (2500 GHz) channels of GREAT. Measured performance of the detectors is presented and background information on their operation in GREAT is given. Methods. Our mixer units are waveguide-based and couple to free-space radiation via a feedhorn antenna. The HEB mixers are designed, fabricated, characterized, and flight-qualified in-house. We are able to use the full intermediate frequency bandwidth of the mixers using silicon-germanium multi-octave cryogenic low-noise amplifiers with very low input return loss. Results. Superconducting HEB mixers have proven to be practical and sensitive detectors for high-resolution THz frequency spectroscopy on SOFIA. We show that our niobium-titanium-nitride (NbTiN) material HEBs on silicon nitride (SiN) membrane substrates have an intermediate frequency (IF) noise roll-off frequency above 2.8 GHz, which does not limit the current receiver IF bandwidth. Our mixer technology development efforts culminate in the first successful operation of a waveguide-based HEB mixer at 2.5 THz and deployment for radioastronomy. A significant contribution to the success of GREAT is made by technological development, thorough characterization and performance optimization of the mixer and its IF interface for receiver operation on SOFIA. In particular, the development of an optimized mixer IF interface contributes to the low passband ripple and excellent stability, which GREAT demonstrated during its initial successful astronomical observation runs. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 907 | |||
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| Author | Swetz, D. S.; Bennett, D. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N. | ||||
| Title | Current distribution and transition width in superconducting transition-edge sensors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 101 | Issue |
Pages | 242603 | |
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| Abstract | Present models of the superconducting-to-normal transition in transition-edge sensors (TESs) do not describe the current distribution within a biased TES. This distribution is complicated by normal-metal features that are integral to TES design. We present a model with one free parameter that describes the evolution of the current distribution with bias. To probe the current distribution experimentally, we fabricated TES devices with different current return geometries. Devices where the current return geometry mirrors current flow within the device have sharper transitions, thus allowing for a direct test of the current-flow model.Measurements from these devices show that current meanders through a TES low in the resistivetransition but flows across the normal-metal features by 40% of the normal-state resistance. Comparison of transition sharpness between device designs reveals that self-induced magnetic fields play an important role in determining the width of the superconducting transition. | ||||
| Address | TES, current distribution | ||||
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| Notes | Recommended by Klapwijk | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 930 | |||
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| Author | Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Spectral response and noise temperature of a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Procedia | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Procedia |
| Volume | 36 | Issue |
Pages | 334-337 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | We report on a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, fabricated with in-situ process. The receiver noise temperature with lowest value of 1180 K is in good agreement with calculated quantum efficiency factor as a function of bias voltage. In addition, the measured spectral response of the spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer shows broad frequency coverage of 0.8-3 THz, and corrected response for optical losses, FTS, and coupling efficiency between antenna and bolometer falls with frequency due to diffraction-limited beam of lens/antenna combination. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1875-3892 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1381 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Procedia | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Procedia |
| Volume | 36 | Issue |
Pages | 72-76 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1875-3892 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1382 | |||
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| Author | Minaeva, O.; Fraine, A.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sergienko, A. | ||||
| Title | High resolution optical time-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII | Abbreviated Journal | Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII |
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | Fw3a.39 | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, Photodetectors; Fiber characterization; Light beams; Optical time domain reflectometry; Photon counting; Single mode fibers; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
| Abstract | We discuss the advantages and limitations of single-photon optical time-domain reflectometry with superconducting single-photon detectors. The higher two-point resolution can be achieved due to superior timing performance of SSPDs in comparison with InGaAs APDs. | ||||
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| Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1237 | |||
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| Author | Pernice, W. H. P.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. | ||||
| Title | High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Nat. Commun. | Abbreviated Journal | Nat. Commun. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue |
Pages | 1325 (1 to 10) | |
| Keywords | waveguide SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Ultrafast, high-efficiency single-photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited their maximum attainable detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate superconducting nanowire detectors atop nanophotonic waveguides, which enable a drastic increase of the absorption length for incoming photons. This allows us to achieve high on-chip single-photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, repeatable across several fabricated chips. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of the on-chip detection efficiency. The detectors are fully embedded in scalable silicon photonic circuits and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18 ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution, we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. Our direct implementation of a high-performance single-photon detector on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. | ||||
| Address | Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2041-1723 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:23271658; PMCID:PMC3535416 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1375 | |||
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| Author | Чулкова, Г. М.; Корнеев, А. А.; Смирнов, К. В.; Окунев, О. В. | ||||
| Title | Энергетическая релаксация в примесных металлах, двумерном электронном газе в AlGaAs-GaAs, сверхпроводниковых пленках NbN и детекторы субмиллиметрового и ик излучения на их основе | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Pages | |||
| Keywords | 2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs, NbN detectors | ||||
| Abstract | Монография посвящена обзору исследований влияния эффектов электронного беспорядка на электронное взаимодействие в металлах, сверхпроводниках, полупроводниках, а также в различных низкоразмерных структурах. Актуальность поднятых в монографии вопросов определяется интенсивным развитием нанотехнологий, созданием новых наноструктурированных материалов и уникальных наноэлементов для электроники и фотоники. Упругое электронное рассеяние на границах наноструктур качественно меняет взаимодействие электронов с фонолами, что, безусловно, должно учитываться при проектировании соответствующей элементной базы. Прикладная часть работы посвящена контролируемой модификации электронных процессов для оптимизации новых наносенсоров на основе электронного разогрева в сверхпроводниковых и полупроводниковых структурах. Монография предназначена для студентов старших курсов, аспирантов и начинающих следователей, работающих в области сверхпроводниковой наноэлектроники. | ||||
| Address | Москва | ||||
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| Publisher | Прометей, МПГУ | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-5-4263-0118-4 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | УДК: 537.311 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1818 | |||
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| Author | Bulaevskii, L. N.; Graf, Matthias J.; Kogan, V. G. | ||||
| Title | Vortex-assisted photon counts and their magnetic field dependence in single-photon superconducting detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
| Volume | 85 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 9 |
| Keywords | SSPD; SNSPD; single-vortex crossing; normal-state belt | ||||
| Abstract | We argue that photon counts in a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) are caused by the transition from a current-biased metastable superconducting state to the normal state. Such a transition is triggered by vortices crossing the thin and narrow superconducting strip from one edge to another due to the Lorentz force. Detector counts in SNSPDs may be caused by three processes: (a) a single incident photon with sufficient energy to break enough Cooper pairs to create a normal-state belt across the entire width of the strip (direct photon count), (b) thermally induced single-vortex crossing in the absence of photons (dark count), which at high-bias currents releases the energy sufficient to trigger the transition to the normal state in a belt across the whole width of the strip, and (c) a single incident photon of insufficient energy to create a normal-state belt but initiating a subsequent single-vortex crossing, which provides the rest of the energy needed to create the normal-state belt (vortex-assisted single-photon count). We derive the current dependence of the rate of vortex-assisted photon counts. The resulting photon count rate has a plateau at high currents close to the critical current and drops as a power law with high exponent at lower currents. While the magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane does not affect the formation of hot spots by photons, it causes the rate of vortex crossings (with or without photons) to increase. We show that by applying a magnetic field one may characterize the energy barrier for vortex crossings and identify the origin of dark counts and vortex-assisted photon counts. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 733 | ||
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| Author | Gao, Jie; McMillan, James F.; Wong, Chee Wei | ||||
| Title | Nanophotonics: Remote on-chip coupling | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Nature Photonics | Abbreviated Journal | Nat. Photon. |
| Volume | 6 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 7-8 |
| Keywords | fromIPMRAS | ||||
| Abstract | Scientists have demonstrated strongly coupled photon states between two distant high-Q photonic crystal cavities connected by a photonic crystal waveguide. Remote dynamic control over the coupled states could aid the development of delay lines, optical buffers and qubit operations in both classical and quantum information processing. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 779 | ||
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