Budyanskij, M. Y., Sejdman, L. A., Voronov, B. M., & Gubkina, T. O. (1992). Increase of reproducibility in production of superconducting thin films of niobium nitride. Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika, 5(10), 1950–1954.
Abstract: Technique to control the composition of gas medium in the reactive magnetron discharge and the composition of the deposited films of niobium nitride using electrical parameters of discharge only, in particular, by δU = Up – Uar value at contant stabilized discharge current is described. Technique to select optimal condition for deposition of niobium nitride films when the films have composition meeting chemical formula, is suggested. Thin films of niobium nitride with up to 7 nm thickness and with rather high temperature of transition into superconducting state Tk > 10 K) and with low width of transition (δ < 0.6 K), are obtained. It is determined, that substrate material and dielectric sublayer do not affect. Tk value, while difference in coefficients of thermal expansion of substrate and of film affects δTk value.
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Phillips, T. G., & Keene, J. (1992). Submillimeter astronomy [heterodyne spectroscopy]. In Proc. IEEE (Vol. 80, pp. 1662–1678).
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Gershenzon, E. M., Gol'tsman, G. N., Semenov, A. D., & Sergeev, A. V. (1992). Heating of electrons in resistive state of superconducting films. Detectors, mixers and switches. In Progress in High Temperature Superconductivity (Vol. 32, pp. 190–195).
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Kollberg, E. L., Gershenzon, E., Goltsman, G., & Yngvesson, K. S. (1992). Hot electron mixers, the potential competition. In Proc. ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation (pp. 201–206).
Abstract: There is an urgent need in radio astronomy for low noise heterodyne receivers for frequencies above about 500 GHz. It is not certain that mixers based on superconducting quasiparticle tunnelling (SIS mixers) may turn out to be the answer to this need. In order to try to find an alternative way for realizing low noise heterodyne receivers for submillimeter waves, so called hot electron bolometric effects for mixing are now being investigated. Two basically different approaches are tried, one based on semiconductors and one on superconductors. Both methods are briefly discussed in this overview paper.
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