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Korneev, A. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Larionov, P. A.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Trifonov, A. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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5 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres. |
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Russian |
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8 pages |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevir |
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1043 |
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Galin, M. A.; Klushin, A. M.; Kurin, V. V.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Müller, F.; Scheller, T.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
Towards local oscillators based on arrays of niobium Josephson junctions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
055002 (1 to 7) |
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Josephson junction local oscillators, JJ LO |
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Various applications in the field of terahertz technology are in urgent need of compact, wide-tunable solid-state continuous wave radiation sources with a moderate power. However, satisfactory solutions for the THz frequency range are scarce yet. Here we report on coherent radiation from a large planar array of Josephson junctions (JJs) in the frequency range between 0.1 and 0.3 THz. The external resonator providing the synchronization of JJ array is identified as a straight fragment of a single-strip-line containing the junctions themselves. We demonstrate a prototype of the quasioptical heterodyne receiver with the JJ array as a local oscillator and a hot-electron bolometer mixer. |
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0953-2048 |
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1347 |
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Saveskul, N. A.; Titova, N. A.; Baeva, E. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Saha, S.; Reddy, H.; Bogdanov, S. I.; Marinero, E. E.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A.; Khrapai, V. S.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Superconductivity behavior in epitaxial TiN films points to surface magnetic disorder |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
054001 |
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Keywords |
epitaxial TiN films |
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We analyze the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties of epitaxial TiN films, characterized by high Ioffe-Regel parameter values, as a function of the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, we observe an increase of the residual resistivity, that becomes dominated by diffusive surface scattering for d≤20nm. At the same time, a substantial thickness-dependent reduction of the superconducting critical temperature is observed compared to the bulk TiN value. In such high-quality material films, this effect can be explained by a weak magnetic disorder residing in the surface layer with a characteristic magnetic defect density of approximately 1012cm−2. Our results suggest that surface magnetic disorder is generally present in oxidized TiN films. |
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2331-7019 |
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1166 |
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Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-5 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated. |
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1051-8223 |
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1222 |
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Sidorova, M.; Semenov, Alexej D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Charaev, I.; Moshkova, M.; Kaurova, N.; Goltsman, G. N.; Zhang, X.; Schilling, A. |
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Title |
Electron energy relaxation in disordered superconducting NbN films |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
102 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
054501 (1 to 15) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, HEB, bandwidth, relaxation time |
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Abstract |
We report on the inelastic-scattering rate of electrons on phonons and relaxation of electron energy studied by means of magnetoconductance, and photoresponse, respectively, in a series of strongly disordered superconducting NbN films. The studied films with thicknesses in the range from 3 to 33 nm are characterized by different Ioffe-Regel parameters but an almost constant product qTl (qT is the wave vector of thermal phonons and l is the elastic mean free path of electrons). In the temperature range 14–30 K, the electron-phonon scattering rates obey temperature dependencies close to the power law 1/τe−ph∼Tn with the exponents n≈3.2–3.8. We found that in this temperature range τe−ph and n of studied films vary weakly with the thickness and square resistance. At 10 K electron-phonon scattering times are in the range 11.9–17.5 ps. The data extracted from magnetoconductance measurements were used to describe the experimental photoresponse with the two-temperature model. For thick films, the photoresponse is reasonably well described without fitting parameters, however, for thinner films, the fit requires a smaller heat capacity of phonons. We attribute this finding to the reduced density of phonon states in thin films at low temperatures. We also show that the estimated Debye temperature in the studied NbN films is noticeably smaller than in bulk material. |
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2469-9950 |
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no |
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1266 |
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Samsonova, A. S.; Zolotov, P. I.; Baeva, E. M.; Lomakin, A. I.; Titova, N. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in niobium films |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-5 |
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Keywords |
Nb films |
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Abstract |
We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder ( kFl≈150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm −2 , which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films. |
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1051-8223 |
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1792 |
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Baeva, E. M.; Titova, N. A.; Veyrat, L.; Sacépé, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Khrapai, V. S. |
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Thermal relaxation in metal films limited by diffuson lattice excitations of amorphous substrates |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
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15 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
054014 |
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Keywords |
InOx, Au/Ni, NbN films |
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We examine the role of a silicon-based amorphous insulating substrate in the thermal relaxation in thin NbN, InOx, and Au/Ni films at temperatures above 5 K. The samples studied consist of metal bridges on an amorphous insulating layer lying on or suspended above a crystalline substrate. Noise thermometry is used to measure the electron temperature Te of the films as a function of Joule power per unit area P2D. In all samples, we observe a P2D∝Tne dependence, with exponent n≃2, which is inconsistent with both electron-phonon coupling and Kapitza thermal resistance. In suspended samples, the functional dependence of P2D(Te) on the length of the amorphous insulating layer is consistent with the linear temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, which is related to lattice excitations (diffusons) for a phonon mean free path shorter than the dominant phonon wavelength. Our findings are important for understanding the operation of devices embedded in amorphous dielectrics. |
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2331-7019 |
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1769 |
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Kardakova, A.; Shishkin, A.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ryabchun, S.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Bousquet, J.; Eon, D.; Sacépé, B.; Klein, T.; Bustarret, E. |
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Relaxation of the resistive superconducting state in boron-doped diamond films |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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93 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
064506 |
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boron-doped diamond films, resistive superconducting state, relaxation time |
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We report a study of the relaxation time of the restoration of the resistive superconducting state in single crystalline boron-doped diamond using amplitude-modulated absorption of (sub-)THz radiation (AMAR). The films grown on an insulating diamond substrate have a low carrier density of about 2.5×1021cm−3 and a critical temperature of about 2K. By changing the modulation frequency we find a high-frequency rolloff which we associate with the characteristic time of energy relaxation between the electron and the phonon systems or the relaxation time for nonequilibrium superconductivity. Our main result is that the electron-phonon scattering time varies clearly as T−2, over the accessible temperature range of 1.7 to 2.2 K. In addition, we find, upon approaching the critical temperature Tc, evidence for an increasing relaxation time on both sides of Tc. |
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2469-9950 |
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1167 |
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Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
064063 (1 to 8) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices. |
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2331-7019 |
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no |
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1226 |
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Author |
Blagosklonskaya, L. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Elantev, A. I. |
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Title |
Effect of strong magnetic-field on spectrum of hydrogen-like admixtures in semiconductors |
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Conference Article |
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1978 |
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Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
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Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
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42 |
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6 |
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1231-1234 |
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spectrum, semiconductors, admixtures, strong magnetic-field |
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Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga 39 Dimitrova Ul., 113095 Moscow, Russia |
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blagosklonskaya1978effect |
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1724 |
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Elezov, M. S.; Semenov, A. V.; An, P. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Kazakov, A. Y. |
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Investigating the detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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J. Opt. Technol. |
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J. Opt. Technol. |
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80 |
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7 |
Pages |
435 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, quantum efficiency |
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The detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector have been investigated. A technique is proposed for determining the regions in which “pure regimes” predominate. Based on experimental data, the dependences of the internal quantum efficiency on the bias current are determined in the one-, two-, and three-photon detection regimes. |
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1070-9762 |
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1172 |
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Seliverstov, S. V.; Anfertyev, V. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Ozheredov, I. A.; Solyankin, P. M.; Revin, L. S.; Vaks, V. L.; Rusova, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Shkurinov, A. P. |
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Terahertz heterodyne receiver with an electron-heating mixer and a heterodyne based on the quantum-cascade laser |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
518-524 |
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NbN HEB mixer, QCL |
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We study characteristics of the laboratory prototype of a terahertz heterodyne receiver with an electron-heating mixer and a heterodyne based on the quantum-cascade laser. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility to use this receiver as a basis for creation of a high-sensitivity terahertz spectrometer, which can be used in many basic and practical applications. A significant advantage of this receiver will be the possibility of placing the mixer and heterodyne in the same cryostat, which will reduce the device dimensions considerably. The obtained experimental results are analyzed, and methods of optimizing the parameters of the receiver are proposed. |
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0033-8443 |
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1322 |
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Gershenzon, Ye. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Yelantyev, A. I.; Petrova, Ye. B.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Filatov, V. S. |
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Title |
Lecture demonstrations of properties of superconductors and liquid helium |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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USSR Rept Phys. Math. JPRS UPM |
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USSR Rept Phys. Math. JPRS UPM |
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24 |
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7 |
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51 |
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demonstrations, lections |
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New demonstrations for low temperature physics courses are described. Two transparent Dewar vacuum flasks fitting one inside the other with the external flask for nitrogen and the internal flask for helium are used. The helium temperature can be regulated in the 4.2 to 1.6 K range and the effects of reducing helium to the superfluid state at 2.17 K can be shown: boiling abruptly stops and superfluid flow appears. In order to show the electric and magnetic characteristics of superconductivity, a superconducting NbTi solenoid containing nonsuperconducting wire and germanium and superconducting Nb materials with different critical temperatures is placed in the helium refrigerant vessel. The fall of the resistance at the critical temperatures can be shown. In order to show magnetic field and superconductive current flow properties a shunt of superconductive material is connected in parallel to the coil and is enclosed in a teflon container with a heater which can vary its temperature. When it is heated and not superconductive, magnetic field effects can be demonstrated and when it is unheated and superconducting a continuous current can be demonstrated. |
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1704 |
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Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Zhong, J. Q.; Shi, S. C.; Hayton, D. J.; Vercruyssen, N.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Temperature dependence of the receiver noise temperature and IF bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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27 |
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8 |
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085013 (1 to 5) |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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In this paper we study the temperature dependence of the receiver noise temperature and IF noise bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. Three superconducting NbN HEB devices of different transition temperatures (Tc) are measured at 0.85 THz and 1.4 THz at different bath temperatures (Tbath) between 4 K and 9 K. Measurement results demonstrate that the receiver noise temperature of superconducting NbN HEB devices is nearly constant for Tbath/Tc, less than 0.8, which is consistent with the simulation based on a distributed hot-spot model. In addition, the IF noise bandwidth appears independent of Tbath/Tc, indicating the dominance of phonon cooling in the investigated HEB devices. |
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0953-2048 |
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Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Rosental, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Volkov, O. Y.; Dyuzhikov, I. N.; Galiev, R. R.; Ponomarev, D. S.; Khabibullin, R. A. |
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Time-resolved measurements of light–current characteristic and mode competition in pulsed THz quantum cascade laser |
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2021 |
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Optical Engineering |
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Optical Engineering |
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60 |
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8 |
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1-8 |
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HEB, terahertz pulse generation, terahertz pulse detection, QCL, quantum cascade laser, superconducting hot electron bolometer |
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Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are widely adopted as prominent and easy-to-use solid-state sources of terahertz radiation. Yet some applications require generation and detection of very sharp and narrow terahertz-range pulses with a specific spectral composition. We have studied time-resolved light-current (L–I) characteristics of multimode THz QCL operated with a fast ramp of the injection current. Detection of THz pulses was carried out using an NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer with the time constant of the order of 1 ns while the laser bias current was swept during a single driving pulse. A nonmonotonic behavior of the L–I characteristic with several visually separated subpeaks was found. This behavior is associated with the mode competition in THz QCL cavity, which we confirm by L–I measurements with use of an external Fabry–Perot interferometer for a discrete mode selection. We also have demonstrated the possibility to control the L–I shape with suppression of one of the subpeaks by simply adjusting the off-axis parabolic mirror for optimal optical alignment for one of the laser modes. The developed technique paves the way for rapid characterization of pulsed THz QCLs for further studies of the possibilities of using this approach in remote sensing. |
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Spie |
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10.1117/1.Oe.60.8.082019 |
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1260 |
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Voevodin, E. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G. |
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Energy-spectrum of shallow acceptors in Ge deformed strongly by a uniaxial pressure |
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1989 |
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Sov. Phys. and Technics of Semiconductors |
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Sov. Phys. and Technics of Semiconductors |
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23 |
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8 |
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843-846 |
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Ge, crystallography |
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Проведены исследования спектров фототермической ионизации мелких акцепторов (В, Аl) в Ge, предельно сжатом вдоль кристаллографической оси [100]. Из данных измерений с учетом теории построен энергетический спектр примесей. Показано, что энергии большого числа уровней четных и нечетных состояний хорошо соответствуют расчету, выполненному для примесей в анизотропном полупроводнике с параметром анизотропии γ=m∗⊥/m∗∥>1. |
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Энергетический спектр мелких акцепторов в сильно одноосно деформированном Ge |
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1692 |
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Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Petrenko, D. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Hot-electron bolometer mixers with in situ contacts |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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56 |
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8-9 |
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591-598 |
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HEB mixers |
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We report on the latest achievements in the development of superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers for terahertz superheterodyne receivers. We consider application ranges of such receivers and requirements for the basic characteristics of the mixers. Main features of the mixers, such as noise temperature, gain bandwidth, noise bandwidth, and required local-oscillator power, have been improved significantly over the past few years due to intense research work, both in terms of the element fabrication quality and in terms of understanding of the physics of the processes occurring in the HEB mixers. Contacts between the superconducting bridge and the planar antenna play a key role in the mixer operation. Improvement of the quality of the contacts leads simultaneously to a decrease in the noise temperature and an increase in the gain bandwidth of a mixer. |
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0033-8443 |
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1170 |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Pershin, Y. P.; Manova, N. N.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Sivakov, A. G.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Superconducting single-photon detector made of MoSi film |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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27 |
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9 |
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095012 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We fabricated and characterized nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors made of 4 nm thick amorphous Mox Si1−x films. At 1.7 K the best devices exhibit a detection efficiency (DE) up to 18% at 1.2 $\mu {\rm m}$ wavelength of unpolarized light, a characteristic response time of about 6 ns and timing jitter of 120 ps. The DE was studied in wavelength range from 650 nm to 2500 nm. At wavelengths below 1200 nm these detectors reach their maximum DE limited by photon absorption in the thin MoSi film. |
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IOP Publishing |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ korneeva2014superconducting |
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1044 |
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Iomdina, E. N.; Goltsman, G. N.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Sianosyan, A. A.; Teplyakova, K. O.; Rusova, A. A. |
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Study of transmittance and reflectance spectra of the cornea and the sclera in the THz frequency range |
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2016 |
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J. Biomed. Opt. |
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J. Biomed. Opt. |
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21 |
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9 |
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97002 (1 to 5) |
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BWO, IMPATT diode, Schottky diode, medicine, animals, cornea, physiology, humans, rabbits, sclera diagnostic imaging, physiology |
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An adequate water balance (hydration extent) is one of the basic factors of normal eye function, including its external shells: the cornea and the sclera. Adequate control of corneal and scleral hydration is very important for early diagnosis of a variety of eye diseases, stating indications for and contraindications against keratorefractive surgeries and the choice of contact lens correction solutions. THz systems of creating images in reflected beams are likely to become ideal instruments of noninvasive control of corneal and scleral hydration degrees. This paper reports on the results of a study involving transmittance and reflectance spectra for the cornea and the sclera of rabbit and human eyes, as well as those of the rabbit eye, in the frequency range of 0.13 to 0.32 THz. The dependence of the reflectance coefficient of these tissues on water mass percentage content was determined. The experiments were performed on three corneas, three rabbit scleras, two rabbit eyes, and three human scleras. The preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed technique, based on the use of a continuous THz radiation, may be utilized to create a device for noninvasive control of corneal and scleral hydration, which has clear potential of broad practical application. |
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Moscow State Pedagogical University, Department of Physics, 29 Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia |
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1083-3668 |
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PMID:27626901 |
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1335 |
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Morozov, D. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Lyakhov, V. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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A millimeter-submillimeter phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer based on two-dimensional electron gas in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Semicond. |
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Semicond. |
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39 |
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9 |
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1082-1086 |
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2D electron gas, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, mixers |
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Experimental results obtained by studying the main characteristics of a millimeter-submillimeter wave mixer based on the hot-electron effect in a two-dimensional electron gas in a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure with a phonon-scattering cooling mechanism for charge carriers are reported. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4 GHz, the internal conversion losses are 13 dB, and the optimum local-oscillator power is 0.5 μW (for a mixer area of 1 μm2). It is shown that a millimeter-submillimeter-wave receiver with a noise temperature of 1900 K can be developed on the basis of a AlGaAs/GaAs mixer. This mixer also appears to be promising for use in array receiver elements. |
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1063-7826 |
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