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Author Vodolazov, D. Y.; Manova, N. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A.
Title Timing jitter in NbN superconducting microstrip single-photon detector Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Phys. Rev. Applied Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Applied
Volume 14 Issue (up) 4 Pages 044041 (1 to 8)
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We experimentally study timing jitter of single-photon detection by NbN superconducting strips with width w ranging from 190 nm to 3μm. We find that timing jitter of both narrow (190 nm) and micron-wide strips is about 40 ps at currents where internal detection efficiency η saturates and it is close to our instrumental jitter. We also calculate intrinsic timing jitter in wide strips using the modified time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled with a two-temperature model. We find that with increasing width the intrinsic timing jitter increases and the effect is most considerable at currents where a rapid growth of η changes to saturation. We relate it with complicated vortex and antivortex dynamics, which depends on a photon’s absorption site across the strip and its width. The model also predicts that at current close to depairing current the intrinsic timing jitter of a wide strip could be about ℏ/kBTc (Tc is a critical temperature of superconductor), i.e., the same as for a narrow strip.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2331-7019 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1788
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Author Manova, N. N.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Slysz, W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
Title Superconducting NbN single-photon detector integrated with quarter-wave resonator Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Tech. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Tech. Phys. Lett.
Volume 37 Issue (up) 5 Pages 469-471
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency of superconducting NbN single-photon detectors integrated with quarter-wave resonators based on Si3N4, SiO2, and SiO layers has been studied.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 664
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Author Korneev, A. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Larionov, P. A.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Trifonov, A. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Rus. J. Radio Electron. Abbreviated Journal Rus. J. Radio Electron.
Volume Issue (up) 5 Pages
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
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Notes 8 pages Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevir Serial 1043
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Author Steudle, Gesine A.; Schietinger, Stefan; Höckel, David; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zadeh, Iman E.; Zwiller, Valery; Benson, Oliver
Title Measuring the quantum nature of light with a single source and a single detector Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Phys. Rev. A Abbreviated Journal
Volume 86 Issue (up) 5 Pages 053814
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, saturation count rates, dead time, dynamic range
Abstract An elementary experiment in optics consists of a light source and a detector. Yet, if the source generates nonclassical correlations such an experiment is capable of unambiguously demonstrating the quantum nature of light. We realized such an experiment with a defect center in diamond and a superconducting detector. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury Brown and Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, creating the false impression that the beam splitter is a fundamentally required element. As an additional benefit, our results provide a simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Physical Society Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1089
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Author Korneev, Alexander; Golt'sman, Gregory; Pernice, Wolfram
Title Photonic integration meets single-photon detection Type Miscellaneous
Year 2015 Publication Laser Focus World Abbreviated Journal Laser Focus World
Volume 51 Issue (up) 5 Pages 47-50
Keywords optical waveguide SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract By embedding superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) in nanophotonic circuits, these waveguide-integrated detectors are a key building block for future on-chip quantum computing applications.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ akorneev @ Serial 1126
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Author Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume 31 Issue (up) 5 Pages 1-5
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1222
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Author Zolotov, P.; Semenov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title A comparison of VN and NbN thin films towards optimal SNSPD efficiency Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume 31 Issue (up) 5 Pages 1-4
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, WSi
Abstract Based on early phenomenological ideas about the operation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD or SNSPD), it was expected that materials with a lower superconducting gap should perform better in the IR range. The plausibility of this concept could be checked using two popular SSPD materials – NbN and WSi films. However, these materials differ strongly in crystallographic structure (polycrystalline B1 versus amorphous), which makes their dependence on disorder different. In our work we present a study of the single-photon response of SSPDs made from two disordered B1 structure superconductors – vanadium nitride and niobium nitride thin films. We compare the intrinsic efficiency of devices made from films with different sheet resistance values. While both materials have a polycrystalline structure and comparable diffusion coefficient values, VN films show metallic behavior over a wide range of sheet resistance, in contrast to NbN films with an insulator-like temperature dependence of resistivity, which may be partially due to enhanced Coulomb interaction, leading to different starting points for the normal electron density of states. The results show that even though VN devices are more promising in terms of theoretical predictions, their optimal performance was not reached due to lower values of sheet resistance.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1223
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Author Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Sidorova, M. V.; Karpova, U. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Zotova, A. N.; Vodolazov, D. Y.
Title Rise time of voltage pulses in NbN superconducting single photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 109 Issue (up) 5 Pages 052601
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We have found experimentally that the rise time of voltage pulse in NbN superconducting single photon detectors increases nonlinearly with increasing the length of the detector L. The effect is connected with dependence of resistance of the detector Rn, which appears after photon absorption, on its kinetic inductance Lk and, hence, on the length of the detector. This conclusion is confirmed by our calculations in the framework of two temperature model.

D.Yu.V. acknowledges the support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 15-42-02365). K.V.S. acknowledges the financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Contract No. 3.2655.2014/K).
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1236
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Author Sidorova, M.; Semenov, Alexej D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Charaev, I.; Moshkova, M.; Kaurova, N.; Goltsman, G. N.; Zhang, X.; Schilling, A.
Title Electron energy relaxation in disordered superconducting NbN films Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B
Volume 102 Issue (up) 5 Pages 054501 (1 to 15)
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, HEB, bandwidth, relaxation time
Abstract We report on the inelastic-scattering rate of electrons on phonons and relaxation of electron energy studied by means of magnetoconductance, and photoresponse, respectively, in a series of strongly disordered superconducting NbN films. The studied films with thicknesses in the range from 3 to 33 nm are characterized by different Ioffe-Regel parameters but an almost constant product qTl (qT is the wave vector of thermal phonons and l is the elastic mean free path of electrons). In the temperature range 14–30 K, the electron-phonon scattering rates obey temperature dependencies close to the power law 1/τe−ph∼Tn with the exponents n≈3.2–3.8. We found that in this temperature range τe−ph and n of studied films vary weakly with the thickness and square resistance. At 10 K electron-phonon scattering times are in the range 11.9–17.5 ps. The data extracted from magnetoconductance measurements were used to describe the experimental photoresponse with the two-temperature model. For thick films, the photoresponse is reasonably well described without fitting parameters, however, for thinner films, the fit requires a smaller heat capacity of phonons. We attribute this finding to the reduced density of phonon states in thin films at low temperatures. We also show that the estimated Debye temperature in the studied NbN films is noticeably smaller than in bulk material.
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2469-9950 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1266
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Author Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Minaeva, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.
Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Phys. Stat. Sol. (C) Abbreviated Journal Phys. Stat. Sol. (C)
Volume 2 Issue (up) 5 Pages 1480-1488
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We present our progress on the research and development of NbN superconducting single‐photon detectors (SSPD's) for ultrafast counting of near‐infrared photons for secure quantum communications. Our SSPD's operate in the quantum detection mode based on the photon‐induced hotspot formation and subsequent development of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron‐width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 4‐nm‐thick NbN films and kept in the 4.2‐ to 2‐K temperature range. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon‐counting mode reaches above 40% for the visible light and up to 30% in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm wavelength range with dark counts below 0.01 per second. The experimental real‐time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by our readout electronics. The SSPD's timing jitter is below 18 ps, and the best‐measured value of the noise‐equivalent power (NEP) is 5 × 10–21 W/Hz1/2 at 1.3 µm. In terms of quantum efficiency, timing jitter, and maximum counting rate, our NbN SSPD's significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm range.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1610-1634 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1479
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Author Morozov, P.; Lukina, M.; Shirmanova, M.; Divochiy, A.; Dudenkova, V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Becker, W.; Shcheslavskiy, V. I.
Title Singlet oxygen phosphorescence imaging by superconducting single-photon detector and time-correlated single-photon counting Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Opt. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Opt. Lett.
Volume 46 Issue (up) 6 Pages 1217-1220
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, applications
Abstract This Letter presents, to the best of our knowledge, a novel optical configuration for direct time-resolved measurements of luminescence from singlet oxygen, both in solutions and from cultured cells on photodynamic therapy. The system is based on the superconducting single-photon detector, coupled to the confocal scanner that is modified for the near-infrared measurements. The recording of a phosphorescence signal from singlet oxygen at 1270 nm has been done using time-correlated single-photon counting. The performance of the system is verified by measuring phosphorescence from singlet oxygen generated by the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy: methylene blue and chlorin e6. The described system can be easily upgraded to the configuration when both phosphorescence from singlet oxygen and fluorescence from the cells can be detected in the imaging mode. Thus, co-localization of the signal from singlet oxygen with the areas inside the cells can be done.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0146-9592 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:33720151 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1221
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Author Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Phys. Rev. Applied Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Applied
Volume 10 Issue (up) 6 Pages 064063 (1 to 8)
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2331-7019 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1226
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Author Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title Optical single-photon detection in micrometer-scale NbN bridges Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Phys. Rev. Applied Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Applied
Volume 9 Issue (up) 6 Pages 064037 (1 to 13)
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We demonstrate experimentally that single-photon detection can be achieved in micrometer-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 to 5.15  μm and for photon wavelengths of 408 to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50% of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors, based on nanometer-scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modeling based on the theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity, including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation.
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2331-7019 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1303
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Author Kurochkin, V. L.; Zverev, A. V.; Kurochkin, Y. V.; Ryabtsev, I. I.; Neizvestnyi, I. G.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Larionov, P. A.
Title Long-distance fiber-optic quantum key distribution using superconducting detectors Type Conference Article
Year 2015 Publication Proc. Optoelectron. Instrum. Abbreviated Journal Proc. Optoelectron. Instrum.
Volume 51 Issue (up) 6 Pages 548-552
Keywords QKD, SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract This paper presents the results of experimental studies on quantum key distribution in optical fiber using superconducting detectors. Key generation was obtained on an experimental setup based on a self-compensation optical circuit with an optical fiber length of 101.1 km. It was first shown that photon polarization encoding can be used for quantum key distribution in optical fiber over a distance in excess of 300 km.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 8756-6990 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1342
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Author Sclafani, M.; Marksteiner, M.; Keir, F. M. L.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Arndt, M.
Title Sensitivity of a superconducting nanowire detector for single ions at low energy Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Nanotechnol. Abbreviated Journal Nanotechnol.
Volume 23 Issue (up) 6 Pages 065501 (1 to 5)
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single ion detector, SSID, SNSID
Abstract We report on the characterization of a superconducting nanowire detector for ions at low kinetic energies. We measure the absolute single-particle detection efficiency eta and trace its increase with energy up to eta = 100%. We discuss the influence of noble gas adsorbates on the cryogenic surface and analyze their relevance for the detection of slow massive particles. We apply a recent model for the hot-spot formation to the incidence of atomic ions at energies between 0.2 and 1 keV. We suggest how the differences observed for photons and atoms or molecules can be related to the surface condition of the detector and we propose that the restoration of proper surface conditions may open a new avenue for SSPD-based optical spectroscopy on molecules and nanoparticles.
Address Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0957-4484 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:22248823 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1380
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