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Author Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baryshev, A. M.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Callaos, N. url  isbn
openurl 
  Title Twin-slot antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer mixers for space applications Type Conference Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proc. 9-th WMSCI Abbreviated Journal Proc. 9-th WMSCI  
  Volume 9 Issue (up) Pages 148-153  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Institute of Informatics and Systemics Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 9806560639, 9789806560635 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1480  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title Hot electron bolometer mixers with improved interfaces: sensitivity, LO power and stability Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 17-24  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We study twin slot antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with an improved contact structure and a small volume, ranging from 1 µm × 0.1 µm to 2 × 0.3 µm. We obtain a DSB receiver noise temperature of 900 K at 1.6 THz and 940 K at 1.9 THz. To explore the practical usability of such small HEB mixers we evaluate the LO power requirement, the sensitivity and the stability. We find that the LO power requirement of the smallest mixers is reduced to about 240 nW at the Si lens of the mixer. This value is larger than expected from the isothermal technique and the known losses in the lens by a factor of 3-3.5. The stability of these receivers is characterized using a measurement of the Allan Variance. We find an Allan time of 0.5 sec. in an 80 MHz bandwidth. A small increase in stability can be reached by using a higher bias at the expense of a significant amount of sensitivity. The stability is sufficient for spectroscopic applications in a 1 MHz bandwidth at a 1 Hz chopping frequency.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1491  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte 2, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title Increased bandwidth of NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 381-386  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, IF bandwidth  
  Abstract We study experimentally the IF gain bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers for a set of devices with different contact structures but an identical NbN film. We observe that the IF bandwidth depends strongly on the exact contact structure and find an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz for a device with an additional superconducting layer (NbTiN) in between the active NbN film and the gold contact to the antenna. These results contradict the common opinion that the IF bandwidth is determined by the phonon-escape time between the NbN film and the substrate. Hence we calculate the IF gain bandwidth of a superconducting film using a two-temperature model. We find that the bandwidth increases strongly with operating temperature and is not limited by the phonon escape time. This is because of strong temperature dependence of the phonon specific heat in the NbN film.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1494  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with superior performance for space applications Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics Abbreviated Journal Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 11-17  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Noordwijk Editor Armandillo, E.; Leone, B.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference International workshop on low temperature electronics- WOLTE 6 - Noordwijk  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1496  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title Noise performance of NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 2.5 THz and its dependence on the contact resistance Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 11-19  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract NbN hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBM) are at this moment the best heterodyne receivers for frequencies above 1 Thz. However, the fabrication procedure of these devices is such that the quality of the interface between the NbN superconducting film and the contact structure is not under good control. The result is a low transparency interface between the bolometer itself and the contact/antenna structure. In this paper we report a detailed experimental study on a novel idea to increase the transparency of this interface. This leads to a record sensitivity and more reproducible performance. We compare identical bolometers, coupled with a spiral antenna, with different NbN bolometer-contact pad interfaces. We find that cleaning the NbN interface alone results in an increase in the noise temperature. However, cleaning the NbN interface and adding a thin additional superconductor prior to the gold contact deposition improves the noise temperature of the HEBm with more than a factor of 2. A device with a contact pad on top of an in-situ cleaned NbN film consisting of 10 nm of NbTiN and 40 nm of gold has a DSB noise temperature of 1050 K at 2.5 THz.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1497  
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Author Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J.; de Korte, P.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 5498 Issue (up) Pages 168-176  
  Keywords Hot electron bolometers, bandwidth, noise temperature, experimental  
  Abstract NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are at this moment the best heterodyne detectors for frequencies above 1 THz. However, the fabrication procedure of these devices is such that the quality of the interface between the NbN superconducting film and the contact structure is not under good control. This results in a contact resistance between the NbN bolometer and the contact pad. We compare identical bolometers, with different NbN – contact pad interfaces, coupled with a spiral antenna. We find that cleaning the NbN interface and adding a thin additional superconductor prior to the gold contact deposition improves the noise temperature and the bandwidth of the HEB mixers with more than a factor of 2. We obtain a DSB noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and a Gain bandwidth of 5-6 GHz. For use in real receiver systems we design small volume (0.15x1 micron) HEB mixers with a twin slot antenna. We find that these mixers combine good sensitivity (900 K at 1.6 THz) with low LO power requirement, which is 160 – 240 nW at the Si lens of the mixer. This value is larger than expected from the isothermal technique and the known losses in the lens by a factor of 3-3.5.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1744  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. doi  openurl
  Title Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 84 Issue (up) 11 Pages 1958-1960  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K

at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 352  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhang, W.; Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Kollberg, E. L.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Bansal, T.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. openurl 
  Title Quantum noise in a terahertz hot electron bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 96 Issue (up) 11 Pages 111113-(1-3)  
  Keywords HEB mixer, quantum limit, quantum noise, vacuum box, THz, Terahertz  
  Abstract We have measured the noise temperature of a single, sensitive superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in a frequency range from 1.6 to 5.3 THz, using a setup with all the key components in vacuum. By analyzing the measured receiver noise temperature using a quantum noise (QN) model for HEB mixers, we confirm the effect of QN. The QN is found to be responsible for about half of the receiver noise at the highest frequency in our measurements. The beta-factor (the quantum efficiency of the HEB) obtained experimentally agrees reasonably well with the calculated value.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 624  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Yang, Y.; Fedorov, G.; Shafranjuk, S. E.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Cooper, B. K.; Lewis, R. M.; Lobb, C. J.; Barbara, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Electronic transport and possible superconductivity at Van Hove singularities in carbon nanotubes Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Nano Lett. Abbreviated Journal Nano Lett.  
  Volume 15 Issue (up) 12 Pages 7859-7866  
  Keywords carbon nanotubes, CNT, tunable superconductivity, van Hove singularities  
  Abstract Van Hove singularities (VHSs) are a hallmark of reduced dimensionality, leading to a divergent density of states in one and two dimensions and predictions of new electronic properties when the Fermi energy is close to these divergences. In carbon nanotubes, VHSs mark the onset of new subbands. They are elusive in standard electronic transport characterization measurements because they do not typically appear as notable features and therefore their effect on the nanotube conductance is largely unexplored. Here we report conductance measurements of carbon nanotubes where VHSs are clearly revealed by interference patterns of the electronic wave functions, showing both a sharp increase of quantum capacitance, and a sharp reduction of energy level spacing, consistent with an upsurge of density of states. At VHSs, we also measure an anomalous increase of conductance below a temperature of about 30 K. We argue that this transport feature is consistent with the formation of Cooper pairs in the nanotube.  
  Address Department of Physics, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1530-6984 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:26506109; Suuplementary info (attached to pdf) DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02564 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1782  
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Author Dorenbos, S. N.; Reiger, E. M.; Perinetti, U.; Zwiller, V.; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Low noise superconducting single photon detectors on silicon Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 93 Issue (up) 13 Pages 131101  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ s @ Serial 436  
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