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Rothermel, H.; Käufl, H. U.; Schrey, U.; Drapatz, S. |
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Title |
Thermal structure of the Martian mesosphere |
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1988 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
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A&A |
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196 |
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296-300 |
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atmospheric temperature, carbon dioxide, infrared spectroscopy, mars atmosphere, mesosphere, emission spectra, line spectra, spatial resolution, mars, atmosphere, mesosphere, structure, thermal properties, spectra, spectroscopy, earth-based observations, temperature, patterns, infrared, polar regions, wavelengths, equipment, procedure, carbon dioxide, emissions |
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Rothermel1988 |
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450 |
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Johnson, M. A.; Betz, A. L.; McLaren, R. A.; Townes, C. H.; Sutton, E. C. |
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Title |
Nonthermal 10 micron CO2 emission lines in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus |
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Journal Article |
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1976 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
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A&A |
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208 |
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145 |
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carbon dioxide, emission spectra, infrared spectra, mars atmosphere, nonthermal radiation, optical heterodyning, planetary radiation, venus atmosphere, absorption spectra, energy transfer, line spectra, molecular absorption, molecular collisions, near infrared radiation, solar flux |
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ref1976ApJ...208L.145J |
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451 |
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Kaeufl, H. U.; Rothermel, H.; Drapatz, S. |
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Title |
Indication for H2O in the upper atmosphere of Mars |
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Journal Article |
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1984 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
A&A |
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141 |
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430-432 |
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atmospheric moisture, mars atmosphere, upper atmosphere, water vapor, carbon dioxide, emission spectra, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, polar regions |
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452 |
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Rothermel, H.; Käufl, H. U.; Yu, Y. |
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A heterodyne spectrometer for astronomical measurements at 10 micrometers |
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1983 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
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A&A |
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126 |
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387-392 |
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astronomical spectroscopy, infrared astronomy, infrared spectrometers, optical heterodyning, infrared telescopes, laser spectrometers, mars (planet), venus (planet) |
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453 |
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Poglitsch, A.; Waelkens, C.; Geis, N.; Feuchtgruber, H.; Vandenbussche, B.; Rodriguez, L.; Krause, O.; Renotte, E.; van Hoof, C.; Saraceno, P.; Cepa, J.; Kerschbaum, F.; Agnèse, P.; Ali, B.; Altieri, B.; Andreani, P.; Augueres, J.-L.; Balog, Z.; Barl, L.; Bauer, O. H.; Belbachir, N.; Benedettini, M.; Billot, N.; Boulade, O.; Bischof, H.; Blommaert, J.; Callut, E.; Cara, C.; Cerulli, R.; Cesarsky, D.; Contursi, A.; Creten, Y.; De Meester, W.; Doublier, V.; Doumayrou, E.; Duband, L.; Exter, K.; Genzel, R.; Gillis, J.-M.; Grözinger, U.; Henning, T.; Herreros, J.; Huygen, R.; Inguscio, M.; Jakob, G.; Jamar, C.; Jean, C.; de Jong, J.; Katterloher, R.; Kiss, C.; Klaas, U.; Lemke, D.; Lutz, D.; Madden, S.; Marquet, B.; Martignac, J.; Mazy, A.; Merken, P.; Montfort, F.; Morbidelli, L.; Müller, T.; Nielbock, M.; Okumura, K.; Orfei, R.; Ottensamer, R.; Pezzuto, S.; Popesso, P.; Putzeys, J.; Regibo, S.; Reveret, V.; Royer, P.; Sauvage, M.; Schreiber, J.; Stegmaier, J.; Schmitt, D.; Schubert, J.; Sturm, E.; Thiel, M.; Tofani, G.; Vavrek, R.; Wetzstein, M.; Wieprecht, E.; Wiezorrek, E. |
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Title |
The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
A&A |
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518 |
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12 |
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PACS |
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The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) is one of the three science instruments on ESA's far infrared and submillimetre observatory. It employs two Ge:Ga photoconductor arrays (stressed and unstressed) with 16×25 pixels, each, and two filled silicon bolometer arrays with 16×32 and 32×64 pixels, respectively, to perform integral-field spectroscopy and imaging photometry in the 60-210 μm wavelength regime. In photometry mode, it simultaneously images two bands, 60-85 μm or 85-125 μm and 125-210 μm, over a field of view of ~1.75'× 3.5', with close to Nyquist beam sampling in each band. In spectroscopy mode, it images a field of 47â€ × 47â€, resolved into 5×5 pixels, with an instantaneous spectral coverage of ~1500 km s-1 and a spectral resolution of ~175 km s-1. We summarise the design of the instrument, describe observing modes, calibration, and data analysis methods, and present our current assessment of the in-orbit performance of the instrument based on the performance verification tests. PACS is fully operational, and the achieved performance is close to or better than the pre-launch predictions. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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694 |
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