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Mitin, V., Antipov, A., Sergeev, A., Vagidov, N., Eason, D., & Strasser, G. (2011). Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors: Photoresponse Enhancement Due to Potential Barriers. Nanoscale res lett, 6(1), 6.
Abstract: Potential barriers around quantum dots (QDs) play a key role in kinetics of photoelectrons. These barriers are always created, when electrons from dopants outside QDs fill the dots. Potential barriers suppress the capture processes of photoelectrons and increase the photoresponse. To directly investigate the effect of potential barriers on photoelectron kinetics, we fabricated several QD structures with different positions of dopants and various levels of doping. The potential barriers as a function of doping and dopant positions have been determined using nextnano3 software. We experimentally investigated the photoresponse to IR radiation as a function of the radiation frequency and voltage bias. We also measured the dark current in these QD structures. Our investigations show that the photoresponse increases ~30 times as the height of potential barriers changes from 30 to 130 meV.
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Teich, M. C. (1968). Infrared heterodyne detection. In Proc. IEEE (Vol. 56, pp. 37–46). IEEE.
Abstract: Heterodyne experiments have been performed in the middle infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum using the CO2laser as a radiation source. Theoretically optimum operation has been achieved at kHz heterodyne frequencies using photoconductive Ge:Cu detectors operated at 4°K, and at kHz and MHz frequencies using Pb1-xSnxSe photovoltaic detectors at 77°K. In accordance with the theory, the minimum detectable power observed is a factor of 2/η greater than the theoretically perfect quantum counter, hvΔf. The coefficient 2/η varies from 5 to 25 for the detectors investigated in this study. A comparison is made between photoconductive and photodiode detectors for heterodyne use in the infrared, and it is concluded that both are useful. Heterodyne detection at 10.6 µm is expected to be useful for communications applications, infrared radar, and heterodyne spectroscopy. It has particular significance because of the high radiation power available from the CO2laser, and because of the 8 to 14 µm atmospheric window.
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Gershenson, M. E., Gong, D., Sato, T., Karasik, B. S., & Sergeev, A. V. (2001). Millisecond electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered metal films at millikelvin temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, 2049–2051.
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Käufl, H. U., Rothermal, H., & Drapatz, S. (1984). Investigation of the Martian atmosphere by 10 micron heterodyne spectroscopy. A&A, 136, 319–325.
Keywords: astronomical spectroscopy, atmospheric composition, infrared astronomy, mars atmosphere, spectral line width, carbon dioxide concentration, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, optical heterodyning, planetary radiation, mars, atmosphere, spectroscopy, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, altitude, kinetics, rotation, thermal properties, temperature, emissions, intensity, models, data, spectra
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Rothermel, H., Käufl, H. U., Schrey, U., & Drapatz, S. (1988). Thermal structure of the Martian mesosphere. A&A, 196, 296–300.
Keywords: atmospheric temperature, carbon dioxide, infrared spectroscopy, mars atmosphere, mesosphere, emission spectra, line spectra, spatial resolution, mars, atmosphere, mesosphere, structure, thermal properties, spectra, spectroscopy, earth-based observations, temperature, patterns, infrared, polar regions, wavelengths, equipment, procedure, carbon dioxide, emissions
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Johnson, M. A., Betz, A. L., McLaren, R. A., Townes, C. H., & Sutton, E. C. (1976). Nonthermal 10 micron CO2 emission lines in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. A&A, 208, 145.
Keywords: carbon dioxide, emission spectra, infrared spectra, mars atmosphere, nonthermal radiation, optical heterodyning, planetary radiation, venus atmosphere, absorption spectra, energy transfer, line spectra, molecular absorption, molecular collisions, near infrared radiation, solar flux
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Rothermel, H., Käufl, H. U., & Yu, Y. (1983). A heterodyne spectrometer for astronomical measurements at 10 micrometers. A&A, 126, 387–392.
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Betz, A. L., Johnson, M. A., McLaren, R. A., & Sutton, E. C. (1976). Heterodyne detection of CO2 emission lines and wind velocities in the atmosphere of Venus. Astrophys. J., 208, L141–L144.
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Масленников, С. Н. (2007). Смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева для терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Verevkin, A., Slysz, W., Pearlman, A., Zhang, J., Sobolewski, R., Okunev, O., et al. (2003). Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors. In CLEO/QELS (CThM8). Optical Society of America.
Abstract: We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps.
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