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Gershenzon, E. M., Gershenzon, M. E., Goltsman, G. N., Semenov, A. D., & Sergeev, A. V. (1991). Wide-band highspeed Nb and YBaCuO detectors. IEEE Trans. Magn., 27(2), 2836–2839.
Abstract: The physical limitations on the response time and the nature of nonequilibrium detection of radiation were investigated for Nb and YBCO film in a wide spectral range from millimeter to near-infrared wavelengths. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film, the detection mechanism is connected with an electron heating effect which is not selective over a wide spectral interval. For Nb, the dependence of the response time on the electron mean free path l and temperature T is tau varies as T/sup -2/l/sup -1/. The values of detectivity D* and tau are 3*10/sup 11/ W/sup -1/ Hz/sup 1/2/ cm and 5*10/sup -9/ s at T=1.6 K, respectively. For YBCO film the tau value of 1-2 ps at T=77 K was obtained; the NEP value of 3*10/sup -11/ W-Hz/sup -1/2/ can be obtained at T=77 K in the case of the optimal film matching to the radiation.
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Gershenzon, E. M., Gogidze, I. G., Goltsman, G. N., Semenov, A. D., & Sergeev, A. V. (1991). Picosecond response on optical-range emission in thin YBaCuO films. Pisma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 17(22), 6–10.
Abstract: Целью настоящей работы является целенаправленный поиск пико-секундного отклика на оптическое излучение выяснение оптимальных условий его наблюдения, а также сравнение характеристик неравновесных эффектов в оптическом и субмиллиметровом диапазонах.
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Florya, I. N., Korneeva, Y. P., Mikhailov, M. Y., Devizenko, A. Y., Korneev, A. A., & Goltsman, G. N. (2018). Photon counting statistics of superconducting single-photon detectors made of a three-layer WSi film. Low Temp. Phys., 44(3), 221–225.
Abstract: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) are used in quantum optics when record-breaking time resolution, high speed, and exceptionally low levels of dark counts (false readings) are required. Their detection efficiency is limited, however, by the absorption coefficient of the ultrathin superconducting film for the detected radiation. One possible way of increasing the detector absorption without limiting its broadband response is to make a detector in the form of several vertically stacked layers and connect them in parallel. For the first time we have studied single-photon detection in a multilayer structure consisting of three superconducting layers of amorphous tungsten silicide (WSi) separated by thin layers of amorphous silicon. Two operating modes of the detector are illustrated: an avalanche regime and an arm-trigger regime. A shift in these modes occurs at currents of ∼0.5–0.6 times the critical current of the detector.
This work was supported by technical task No. 88 for scientific research at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics,” Grant No. 14.V25.31.0007 from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and the work of G. N. Goltsman was supported by task No. 3.7328.2017/VU of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.
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Sidorova, M. V., Kozorezov, A. G., Semenov, A. V., Korneeva, Y. P., Mikhailov, M. Y., Devizenko, A. Y., et al. (2018). Nonbolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin WSi films. Phys. Rev. B, 97(18), 184512 (1 to 13).
Abstract: We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in τe−ph∼140–190 ps at TC=3.4K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques.
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Sidorova, M. V., Kozorezov, A. G., Semenov, A. V., Korneev, A. A., Chulkova, G. M., Korneeva, Y. P., et al. (2018). Non-bolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultra-thin WSi film. arXiv:1607.07321v4 [physics.ins-det]. Retrieved May 28, 2024, from https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.07321v4
Abstract: We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in tau{e-ph} = 140-190 ps at TC = 3.4 K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques.
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Pernice, W. H. P., Schuck, C., Minaeva, O., Li, M., Goltsman, G. N., Sergienko, A. V., et al. (2012). High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits. Nat. Commun., 3, 1325 (1 to 10).
Abstract: Ultrafast, high-efficiency single-photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited their maximum attainable detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate superconducting nanowire detectors atop nanophotonic waveguides, which enable a drastic increase of the absorption length for incoming photons. This allows us to achieve high on-chip single-photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, repeatable across several fabricated chips. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of the on-chip detection efficiency. The detectors are fully embedded in scalable silicon photonic circuits and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18 ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution, we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. Our direct implementation of a high-performance single-photon detector on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
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Tovpeko, N. A., Trifonov, A. V., Semenov, A. V., Antipov, S. V., Kaurova, N. S., Titova, N. A., et al. (2019). Bandwidth performance of a THz normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer. In Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 102–103).
Abstract: We report on the bandwidth performance of the normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer on top of an Al 2 O 3 substrate, which is capable to operate in a wide range of bath temperatures from 77 K – 300 K. The choice of the combination TiN / Al 2 O 3 is related to an advanced heat transport between the film and the substrate in this pair and the sufficient temperature coefficient of resistance. The data were taken at 132.5 – 145.5 GHz with two BWOs as a signal and an LO source. Measurements were taken on TiN films of different thickness starting from 20 nm down to 5 nm coupled into a spiral Au antenna, which improves matching of incoming radiation with the thin TiN fim. Our experiments demonstrate effective heat coupling from a TiN thin film to an Al 2 O 3 substrate (111) boosting gain bandwidth (GB) of TiN bolometer up to 6 GHz for 5 nm thin film. Current results indicate weak temperature dependence of GB on the bath temperature of the TiN bolometer. Theoretical estimations of GB performance meet with experimental data for 5 nm thin TiN films.
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Kardakova, A. I., Coumou, P. C. J. J., Finkel, M. I., Morozov, D. V., An, P. P., Goltsman, G. N., et al. (2015). Electron–phonon energy relaxation time in thin strongly disordered titanium nitride films. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 25(3), 1–4.
Abstract: We have measured the energy relaxation times from the electron bath to the phonon bath in strongly disordered TiN films grown by atomic layer deposition. The measured values of τ eph vary from 12 to 91 ns. Over a temperature range from 3.4 to 1.7 K, they follow T -3 temperature dependence, which are consistent with values of τ eph reported previously for sputtered TiN films. For the most disordered film, with an effective elastic mean free path of 0.35 nm, we find a faster relaxation and a stronger temperature dependence, which may be an additional indication of the influence of strong disorder on a superconductor.
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Nikoghosyan, A. S., Martirosyan, R. M., Hakhoumian, A. A., Makaryan, A. H., Tadevosyan, V. R., Goltsman, G. N., et al. (2018). Effect of absorption on the efficiency of THz radiation generation in a nonlinear crystal placed into a waveguide. Armenian J. Phys., 11(4), 257–262.
Abstract: The effect of THz radiation absorption on the efficiency of generation of coherent THz radiation in a nonlinear optical crystal placed into a metal rectangular waveguide is studied. The efficiency of the nonlinear conversion of optical laser radiation to the THz band is also a function of the phase-matching (PM) condition inside the nonlinear crystal. The method of partial filling of a metal waveguide with a nonlinear optical crystal is used to ensure phase matching. Phase matching was obtained by the proper choice of the thickness of the nonlinear crystal, namely the degree of partial filling of the waveguide. We have studied the THz radiation attenuation caused by the losses in both the metal walls of the waveguide and in the crystal, taking into account the dimension of the cross section of the waveguide, the degree of partial filling and its dielectric constant.
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Bandurin, D. A., Svintsov, D., Gayduchenko, I., Xu, S. G., Principi, A., Moskotin, M., et al. (2018). Resonant terahertz detection using graphene plasmons. Nat. Commun., 9, 5392 (1 to 8).
Abstract: Plasmons, collective oscillations of electron systems, can efficiently couple light and electric current, and thus can be used to create sub-wavelength photodetectors, radiation mixers, and on-chip spectrometers. Despite considerable effort, it has proven challenging to implement plasmonic devices operating at terahertz frequencies. The material capable to meet this challenge is graphene as it supports long-lived electrically tunable plasmons. Here we demonstrate plasmon-assisted resonant detection of terahertz radiation by antenna-coupled graphene transistors that act as both plasmonic Fabry-Perot cavities and rectifying elements. By varying the plasmon velocity using gate voltage, we tune our detectors between multiple resonant modes and exploit this functionality to measure plasmon wavelength and lifetime in bilayer graphene as well as to probe collective modes in its moire minibands. Our devices offer a convenient tool for further plasmonic research that is often exceedingly difficult under non-ambient conditions (e.g. cryogenic temperatures) and promise a viable route for various photonic applications.
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