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Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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10 |
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6 |
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064063 (1 to 8) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices. |
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2331-7019 |
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1226 |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Optical single-photon detection in micrometer-scale NbN bridges |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
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Volume |
9 |
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6 |
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064037 (1 to 13) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We demonstrate experimentally that single-photon detection can be achieved in micrometer-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 to 5.15 μm and for photon wavelengths of 408 to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50% of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors, based on nanometer-scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modeling based on the theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity, including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. |
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2331-7019 |
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1303 |
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Peltonen, J. T.; Astafiev, O. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Charaev, I. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Golt'sman, G. N.; Ioffe, L. B.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Tsai, J. S. |
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Title |
Coherent flux tunneling through NbN nanowires |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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88 |
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22 |
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220506 (1 to 5) |
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NbN nanowires |
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We demonstrate evidence of coherent magnetic flux tunneling through superconducting nanowires patterned in a thin highly disordered NbN film. The phenomenon is revealed as a superposition of flux states in a fully metallic superconducting loop with the nanowire acting as an effective tunnel barrier for the magnetic flux, and reproducibly observed in different wires. The flux superposition achieved in the fully metallic NbN rings proves the universality of the phenomenon previously reported for InOx. We perform microwave spectroscopy and study the tunneling amplitude as a function of the wire width, compare the experimental results with theories, and estimate the parameters for existing theoretical models. |
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1098-0121 |
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1369 |
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Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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91 |
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221111 (1 to 3) |
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NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning |
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We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. |
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584 |
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Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte 2, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Increased bandwidth of NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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381-386 |
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NbN HEB mixers, IF bandwidth |
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We study experimentally the IF gain bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers for a set of devices with different contact structures but an identical NbN film. We observe that the IF bandwidth depends strongly on the exact contact structure and find an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz for a device with an additional superconducting layer (NbTiN) in between the active NbN film and the gold contact to the antenna. These results contradict the common opinion that the IF bandwidth is determined by the phonon-escape time between the NbN film and the substrate. Hence we calculate the IF gain bandwidth of a superconducting film using a two-temperature model. We find that the bandwidth increases strongly with operating temperature and is not limited by the phonon escape time. This is because of strong temperature dependence of the phonon specific heat in the NbN film. |
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1494 |
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