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Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Antipov, A.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Title |
Ultrafast and high quantum efficiency large-area superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
6583 |
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Pages |
65830I (1 to 9) |
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Keywords  |
SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting NbN films, infrared single-photon detectors |
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Abstract |
We present our latest generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN films, as meander-shaped 0.5-mm-long and 100-nm-wide stripes. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance parameters in the visible-to-near-infrared radiation wavelengths: quantum efficiency (QE) of our best devices approaches a saturation level of 30% even at 4.2 K (limited by the NbN film optical absorption) and dark counts as low as 2x10-4 Hz. The presented SSPDs were designed to maintain the QE of large-active-area devices, but, unless our earlier SSPDs, hampered by a significant kinetic inductance and a nanosecond response time, they are characterized by a low inductance and GHz counting rates. We have designed, simulated, and tested the structures consisting of several, connected in parallel, meander sections, each having a resistor connected in series. Such new, multi-element geometry led to a significant decrease of the device kinetic inductance without the decrease of its active area and QE. The presented improvement in the SSPD performance makes our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum cryptography applications. |
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Spie |
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Dusek, M.; Hillery, M.S.; Schleich, W.P.; Prochazka, I.; Migdall, A.L.; Pauchard, A. |
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1249 |
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Smirnov, K. V.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Slivinskaya, E. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Fiber coupled single photon receivers based on superconducting detectors for quantum communications and quantum cryptography |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
7138 |
Issue |
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Pages |
713827 (1 to 6) |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single photon detector, ultra-thin superconducting films, optical fiber coupling, ready to use receiver |
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Abstract |
At present superconducting detectors become increasingly attractive for various practical applications. In this paper we present results on the depelopment of fiber coupled receiver systems for the registration of IR single photons, optimized for telecommunication and quantum-cryptography. These receiver systems were developed on the basis of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) of VIS and IR wavelength ranges. The core of the SSPD is a narrow ( 100 nm) and long ( 0,5 mm) strip in the form of a meander which is patterned from a 4-nm-thick NbN film (TC=10-11 K, jC= 5-7•106 A/cm2); the sensitive area dimensions are 10×10 μm2. The main problem to be solved while the receiver system development was optical coupling of a single-mode fiber (9 microns in diameter) with the SSPD sensitive area. Characteristics of the developed system at the optical input are as follows: quantum efficiency >10 % (at 1.3 μm), >4 % (at 1.55 μm); dark counts rate ≤1 s-1; duration of voltage pulse ≤5 ns; jitter ≤40 ps. The receiver systems have either one or two identical channels (for the case of carrying out correlation measurements) and are made as an insert in a helium storage Dewar. |
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Spie |
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Tománek, P.; Senderáková, D.; Hrabovský, M. |
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1405 |
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Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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Volume |
917 |
Issue |
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Pages |
062032 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide |
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Abstract |
With use of the travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices based on silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguide with a superconducting NbN-nanowire suited on top of the waveguide were fabricated. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector with up to 92 % on-chip detection efficiency in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 106 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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1140 |
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Author |
Rath, P.; Vetter, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Nebel, C.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. |
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Title |
Travelling-wave single-photon detectors integrated with diamond photonic circuits: operation at visible and telecom wavelengths with a timing jitter down to 23 ps |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Integrated Optics: Devices, Mat. Technol. XX |
Abbreviated Journal |
Integrated Optics: Devices, Mat. Technol. XX |
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Volume |
9750 |
Issue |
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Pages |
135-142 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector, SNSPD, Single Photon Detector, Diamond Photonics, Diamond Integrated Optics, Diamond Waveguides, Integrated Optics, Low Timing Jitter |
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Abstract |
We report on the design, fabrication and measurement of travelling-wave superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with polycrystalline diamond photonic circuits. We analyze their performance both in the near-infrared wavelength regime around 1600 nm and at 765 nm. Near-IR detection is important for compatibility with the telecommunication infrastructure, while operation in the visible wavelength range is relevant for compatibility with the emission line of silicon vacancy centers in diamond which can be used as efficient single-photon sources. Our detectors feature high critical currents (up to 31 μA) and high performance in terms of efficiency (up to 74% at 765 nm), noise-equivalent power (down to 4.4×10-19 W/Hz1/2 at 765 nm) and timing jitter (down to 23 ps). |
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Spie |
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Broquin, J.-E.; Conti, G.N. |
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1210 |
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Author |
Kitaygorsky, J.; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Pan, D.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R.R. |
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Title |
Dark counts in nanostructured nbn superconducting single-photon detectors and bridges |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
275-278 |
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Keywords |
SSPD; SNSPD |
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Abstract |
We present our studies on dark counts, observed as transient voltage pulses, in current-biased NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), as well as in ultrathin (~4 nm), submicrometer-width (100 to 500 nm) NbN nanobridges. The duration of these spontaneous voltage pulses varied from 250 ps to 5 ns, depending on the device geometry, with the longest pulses observed in the large kinetic-inductance SSPD structures. Dark counts were measured while the devices were completely isolated (shielded by a metallic enclosure) from the outside world, in a temperature range between 1.5 and 6 K. Evidence shows that in our two-dimensional structures the dark counts are due to the depairing of vortex-antivortex pairs caused by the applied bias current. Our results shed some light on the vortex dynamics in 2D superconductors and, from the applied point of view, on intrinsic performance of nanostructured SSPDs. |
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1051-8223 |
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1248 |
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Author |
Marksteiner, M.; Divochiy, A.; Sclafani, M.; Haslinger, P.; Ulbricht, H.; Korneev, A.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Arndt, M. |
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Title |
A superconducting NbN detector for neutral nanoparticles |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Nanotechnol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nanotechnol. |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
45 |
Pages |
455501 |
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Keywords |
SSPD; SNSPD; *Electric Conductivity; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanoparticles/*chemistry/ultrastructure; Nanotechnology/*methods; *Photons |
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Abstract |
We present a proof-of-principle study of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) for the detection of individual neutral molecules/nanoparticles at low energies. The new detector is applied to characterize a laser desorption source for biomolecules and allows retrieval of the arrival time distribution of a pulsed molecular beam containing the amino acid tryptophan, the polypeptide gramicidin as well as insulin, myoglobin and hemoglobin. We discuss the experimental evidence that the detector is actually sensitive to isolated neutral particles. |
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University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. markus.arndt@univie.ac.at |
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English |
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0957-4484 |
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PMID:19822928 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1239 |
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Author |
Vetter, A.; Ferrari, S.; Rath, P.; Alaee, R.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Diewald, S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Pernice, W. H. P. |
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Title |
Cavity-enhanced and ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Nano Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nano Lett. |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
7085-7092 |
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Keywords |
SSPD; SNSPD; multiphoton detection; nanophotonic circuit; photonic crystal cavity |
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Abstract |
Ultrafast single-photon detectors with high efficiency are of utmost importance for many applications in the context of integrated quantum photonic circuits. Detectors based on superconductor nanowires attached to optical waveguides are particularly appealing for this purpose. However, their speed is limited because the required high absorption efficiency necessitates long nanowires deposited on top of the waveguide. This enhances the kinetic inductance and makes the detectors slow. Here, we solve this problem by aligning the nanowire, contrary to usual choice, perpendicular to the waveguide to realize devices with a length below 1 mum. By integrating the nanowire into a photonic crystal cavity, we recover high absorption efficiency, thus enhancing the detection efficiency by more than an order of magnitude. Our cavity enhanced superconducting nanowire detectors are fully embedded in silicon nanophotonic circuits and efficiently detect single photons at telecom wavelengths. The detectors possess subnanosecond decay ( approximately 120 ps) and recovery times ( approximately 510 ps) and thus show potential for GHz count rates at low timing jitter ( approximately 32 ps). The small absorption volume allows efficient threshold multiphoton detection. |
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Institute of Physics, University of Munster , 48149 Munster, Germany |
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1530-6984 |
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PMID:27759401 |
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Call Number |
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1208 |
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Shein, K. V.; Zarudneva, A. A.; Emel’yanova, V. O.; Logunova, M. A.; Chichkov, V. I.; Sobolev, A.S.; Zav’yalov, V. V.; Lehtinen, J. S.; Smirnov, E. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Arutyunov, K. Y. |
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Title |
Superconducting microstructures with high impedance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Phys. Solid State |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Solid State |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1539-1542 |
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Keywords |
superconducting channels, SIS, inetic inductance, tunneling contacts, high impedance |
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The transport properties of two types of quasi-one-dimensional superconducting microstructures were investigated at ultra-low temperatures: the narrow channels close-packed in the shape of meander, and the chains of tunneling contacts “superconductor-insulator-superconductor.” Both types of the microstructures demonstrated high value of high-frequency impedance and-or the dynamic resistance. The study opens up potential for using of such structures as current stabilizing elements with zero dissipation. |
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1063-7834 |
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1789 |
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Author |
Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Title |
Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Abstract |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
INIS |
Abbreviated Journal |
INIS |
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46 |
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8 |
Pages |
1-3 |
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Keywords |
TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors. |
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1374 |
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Author |
Korneeva, Yuliya; Florya, Irina; Vdovichev, Sergey; Moshkova, Mariya; Simonov, Nikita; Kaurova, Natalia; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Title |
Comparison of hot-spot formation in NbN and MoN thin superconducting films after photon absorption |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductiv |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
5 |
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Keywords |
Thin film devices, Superconducitng photoncounting devices, Nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Abstract |
In superconducting single-photon detectors SSPD
the efficiency of local suppression of superconductivity and hotspot
formation is controlled by diffusivity and electron-phonon
interaction time. Here we selected a material, 3.6-nm-thick MoNx
film, which features diffusivity close to those of NbN traditionally
used for SSPD fabrication, but with electron-phonon interaction
time an order of magnitude larger. In MoNx detectors we study
the dependence of detection efficiency on bias current, photon
energy, and strip width and compare it with NbN SSPD. We
observe non-linear current-energy dependence in MoNx SSPD
and more pronounced plateaus in dependences of detection
efficiency on bias current which we attribute to longer electronphonon
interaction time. |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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1114 |
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Author |
Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
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Title |
Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting – nanophotonic circuits |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
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1-20 |
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waiveguide SSPD, SNSPD, imaging |
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The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip. |
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1334 |
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Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
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Spectrally multiplexed single-photon detection with hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits |
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2017 |
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Optica |
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Optica |
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4 |
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5 |
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557-562 |
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Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors; Nanophotonics and photonic crystals; Quantum detectors; Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation |
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The detection of individual photons by superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multicolor imaging techniques, such as single-photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz at 80% of the devices' critical current. We demonstrate multidetector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths, and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength-division multiplexing on a chip. |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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1119 |
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Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Ozhegov, R.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pernice, W.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity |
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2017 |
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Sci Rep |
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Sci Rep |
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7 |
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1 |
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4812 |
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waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD |
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While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously. |
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National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. ggoltsman@hse.ru |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:28684752; PMCID:PMC5500578 |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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1129 |
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Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Yu; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. |
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Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application |
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2017 |
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Proc. SPBOPEN |
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Proc. SPBOPEN |
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421-422 |
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waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD |
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By adopting a travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices were fabricated. The architecture consists of a superconducting NbN- nanowire atop of a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) nanophotonic waveguide. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector, with up to 92% on-chip detection efficiency (OCDE), in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 10^6 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength. |
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St. Petersburg, Russia |
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Duplicated as 1140 |
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1256 |
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Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Korneeva, Y.; Mikhailov, M.; Devizenko, A.; Kozorezov, A.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Electron-phonon relaxation time in ultrathin tungsten silicon film |
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Miscellaneous |
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2018 |
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arXiv |
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WSi film |
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Using amplitude-modulated absorption of sub-THz radiation (AMAR) method, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in thin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found a response time ~ 800 ps at critical temperature Tc = 3.4 K, which scales as minus 3 in the temperature range from 1.8 to 3.4 K. We discuss mechanisms, which can result in a strong phonon bottle-neck effect in a few nanometers thick film and yield a substantial difference between the measured time, characterizing response at modulation frequency, and the inelastic electron-phonon relaxation time. We estimate the electron-phonon relaxation time to be in the range ~ 100-200 ps at 3.4 K. |
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Duplicated as 1341 |
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1340 |
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