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Gousev, Y. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Semenov, A. D.; Barowski, H. S.; Nebosis, R. S.; Renk, K. F. |
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Title |
Quasioptical superconducting hot electron bolometer for submillmeter waves |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
Publication |
Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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Volume |
17 |
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2 |
Pages |
317-331 |
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NbN HEB |
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We report on a superconducting hot electron bolometer coupled to radiation via a broadband antenna. The bolometer, a structured NbN film, was patterned on a thin dielectric membrane between terminals of a gold slotline antenna. We investigated the response to submillimeter radiation (wave-lengths ∼ 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm) in the fundamental Gaussian mode. We found that the directivity of the antenna was constant within a factor of 2.5 through the whole experimental range. The noise equivalent power of the bolometer at 119 µm was ∼ 3 · 10−13 W/Hz1/2; a time constant of ∼ 160 ps was estimated. |
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0195-9271 |
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1618 |
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Shurakov, A.; Seliverstov, S.; Kaurova, N.; Finkel, M.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Input bandwidth of hot electron bolometer with spiral antenna |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
400-405 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB bolometers bandwidth, log-spiral antenna |
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We report the results of our study of the input bandwidth of hot electron bolometers (HEB) embedded into the planar log-spiral antenna. The sensitive element is made of the ultrathin superconducting NbN film patterned as a bridge at the feed of the antenna. The contacts between the antenna and a sensitive element are made from in situ deposited gold (i.e., deposited over NbN film without breaking vacuum), which gives high quality contacts and makes the response of the HEB at higher frequencies less affected by the RF loss. An accurate experimental spectroscopic procedure is demonstrated that leads to the confirmation of the wide ( 8 THz) bandwidth in this antenna coupled device. |
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2156-342X |
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1161 |
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Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Li, S. L.; Zhou, K. M.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Measurement of the spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled superconducting hot electron bolometers |
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2013 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
23 |
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3 |
Pages |
2300804-2300804 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB detector |
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Measured spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEBs) often drops dramatically at frequencies that are still within the frequency range of interest (e.g., ~ 5 THz). This is inconsistent with the implied low receiver noise temperatures from the same measurements. To understand this discrepancy, we exhaustively test and calibrate the thermal sources used in Fourier transform spectrometer measurements. We first investigate the absolute emission spectrum of high-pressure Hg arc lamp, then measure the spectral response of two spiral-antenna coupled NbN HEBs with a Martin-Puplett interferometer as spectrometer and 77 K blackbody as broadband signal source. The measured absolute emission spectrum of Hg arc lamp is proportional to frequency, corresponding to an equivalent blackbody temperature of 4000 K at 1 THz, 1500 K at 3 THz, and 800 K at 5 THz, respectively. Measured spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled NbN HEBs, corrected for air absorption, is nearly flat in the frequency range of 0.5-4 THz, consistent with simulated coupling efficiency between HEB and spiral-antenna. These results explain the discrepancy, and prove that spiral-antenna coupled superconducting NbN HEBs work well in a wide frequency range. In addition, this calibration method and these results are broadly applicable to other quasi-optical THz receivers. |
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1051-8223 |
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1371 |
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Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Y. P.; Zorin, M. A.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lang, P. T.; Knott, W. J.; Renk, K. F. |
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Title |
Sensitive picosecond NbN detector for radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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4 |
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9 |
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453-456 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB detectors |
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The authors report on the application of a broad-band NbN film detector which has high sensitivity and picosecond response time for detection of radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light. From a study of amplitude modulated radiation of backward-wave tubes and picosecond pulses from gas and solid state lasers at wavelengths between 2 mm and 0.53 mu m, they found a detectivity of 1010 W-1 cm Hz-1/2 and a response time of less than 50 ps at T=10 K. The characteristics were provided by using a 150 AA thick NbN film patterned into a structure of micron strips. According to the proposed detection mechanism, namely electron heating, they expect an intrinsic response time of approximately 20 ps at the same temperature. |
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0953-2048 |
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242 |
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Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Zorin, M. A.; Sejdman, L. A.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Picosecond range detector base on superconducting niobium nitride film sensitive to radiation in spectral range from millimeter waves up to visible light |
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1992 |
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Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
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5 |
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5 |
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955-960 |
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NbN HEB detectors |
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Fast-operating picosecond detector of electromagnetical radiation is developed on the basis of fine superconducting film of niobium nitride with high sensitivity within spectral range from millimetric waves up to visible light. Detector sensitive element represents structure covering narrow parallel strips with micron sizes included in the rupture of microstrip line. Detecting ability of the detector and time constant measured using amplitude-simulated radiation of reverse wave tubes and pulse radiation of picosecond gas and solid-body lasers, constitute D*≅1010 W-1·cm·Hz-1/2 and τ≤5 ps respectively, at 10 K temperature. The expected value of time constant of the detector at 10 K obtained via extrapolation of directly measured dependence that is, τ ∝ τ-1, constitutes 20 ps. Experimental data demonstrate that detection mechanism is linked with electron heating effect. |
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Russian |
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0131-5366 |
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1670 |
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Il'in, K. S.; Lindgren, M.; Currie, M. A.; Semenov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors |
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2000 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
2752-2754 |
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NbN HEB detectors, two-temperature model, IF bandwidth |
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We report time-resolved characterization of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors using an electro-optic sampling method. Our samples were patterned into micron-size microbridges from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates. The devices were illuminated with 100 fs optical pulses, and the photoresponse was measured in the ambient temperature range between 2.15 and 10.6 K (superconducting temperature transition TC). The experimental data agreed very well with the nonequilibrium hot-electron, two-temperature model. The quasiparticle thermalization time was ambient temperature independent and was measured to be 6.5 ps. The inelastic electron–phonon scattering time Ï„e–ph tended to decrease with the temperature increase, although its change remained within the experimental error, while the phonon escape time Ï„es decreased almost by a factor of two when the sample was put in direct contact with superfluid helium. Specifically, Ï„e–ph and Ï„es, fitted by the two-temperature model, were equal to 11.6 and 21 ps at 2.15 K, and 10(±2) and 38 ps at 10.5 K, respectively. The obtained value of Ï„e–ph shows that the maximum intermediate frequency bandwidth of NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixers operating at TC can reach 16(+4/–3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. |
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0003-6951 |
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856 |
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Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Study of the IF bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers based on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
164-167 |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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In this paper, we present the results of IF bandwidth measurements on 3-4 nm thick NbN hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers, which have been fabricated on a 200-nm thick MgO buffer layer deposited on a crystalline quartz substrate. The 3-dB IF bandwidth, measured at an LO frequency of 0.81 THz, is 3.7 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. We have also made measurements of the IF dynamic impedance, which allow us to evaluate the intrinsic electron temperature relaxation time and self-heating parameters at different bias conditions. |
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341 |
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Tretyakov, Ivan; Ryabchun, Sergey; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikova, Anna; Kaurova, Natalia; Lobastova, Anastasia; Voronov, Boris; Gol'tsman, Gregory |
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Low noise and wide bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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2011 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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98 |
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033507 (1 to 3) |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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We report a record double sideband noise temperature of 600 K (5hν/kB) offered by a NbN hot-electron bolometer receiver at 2.5 THz. Allowing for standing wave effects, this value was found to be constant in the intermediate frequency range 1–7 GHz, which indicates that the mixer has an unprecedentedly large noise bandwidth in excess of 7 GHz. The insight into this is provided by gain bandwidth measurements performed at the superconducting transition. They show that the dependence of the bandwidth on the mixer length follows the model for an HEB mixer with diffusion and phonon cooling of the hot electrons. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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638 |
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Tret’yakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Lobastova, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Optimum absorbed heterodyne power for superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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2010 |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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36 |
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12 |
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1103-1105 |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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Absorbed heterodyne power has been measured in a low-noise broadband hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer for the terahertz range, operating on the effect of electron heating in the resistive state of an ultrathin superconducting NbN film. It is established that the optimum absorbed heterodyne power for the HEB mixer operating at 2.5 THz is about 100 nW. |
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1063-7850 |
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Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Spectral response and noise temperature of a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer |
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2012 |
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Phys. Procedia |
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Phys. Procedia |
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36 |
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334-337 |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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We report on a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, fabricated with in-situ process. The receiver noise temperature with lowest value of 1180 K is in good agreement with calculated quantum efficiency factor as a function of bias voltage. In addition, the measured spectral response of the spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer shows broad frequency coverage of 0.8-3 THz, and corrected response for optical losses, FTS, and coupling efficiency between antenna and bolometer falls with frequency due to diffraction-limited beam of lens/antenna combination. |
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