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Author | Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Terahertz heterodyne receivers based on superconductive hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 10-11 | Pages | 859-864 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB, applications | ||||
Abstract | We consider recent results in development of hot-electron bolometer mixers. Special attention is paid to optimization of the contacts between the antenna and the active area of a superconducting film. An important result in the study of the parasitic effect of direct detection is obtained during the measurement of the noise temperatures by the hot/cold load method. The latest results of studies of the waveguide hot-electron bolometer mixers and their successful practical applications are considered. Progress in development of high-frequency (over 1.3 THz) heterodyne receivers for several important international projects is discussed and new submillimeter radio astronomy projects ESPRIT and SAFIR are described. | ||||
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ISSN | 0033-8443 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 381 | |||
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Author | Il'in, K. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Characterization of the electron energy relaxation process in NbN hot-electron devices | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 390-397 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixers, SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films, Nb films | ||||
Abstract | We report on transient measurements of electron energy relaxation in NbN films with 300-fs time resolution. Using an electro-optic sampling technique, we have studied the photoresponse of 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates and exposed to 100-fs-wide optical pulses. Our experimental data analysis was based on the two-temperature model and has shown that in our films at the superconducting transition 10.5 K the inelastic electron-phonon scattering time was about (111}+-__.2) ps. This response time indicated that the maximum intermediate-frequency band of a NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixer should reach (16+41-3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. We have suggested several ways to increase the effectiveness of phonon cooling to achieve the above intrinsic value of the NbN mixer bandwidth. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1576 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Non-thermal response of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 4491-4494 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixers, non-thermal | ||||
Abstract | We present an analysis of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer in the limiting case of a weak thermalization of non-equilibrium quasiparticles. We propose a new model relying on the non-thermal suppression of the superconducting energy gap by excess quasiparticles. Using material parameters typical for Al, we evaluate performance of the bolometer in the heterodyne regime at terahertz frequencies. Estimates show that the mixer may have quantum limited noise temperature and a few tens of GHz bandwidth, while the required local oscillator power is in the /spl mu/W range due to in-effective suppression of the energy gap by quasiparticles with high energies. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1567 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; de Korte, P.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN hot electron bolometer mixers: sensitivity, LO power, direct detection and stability | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 484-489 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixers, direct detection effect, stability, Allan variance | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. Both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, using a 0.4/spl times/4 /spl mu/m HEB mixer with a spiral antenna. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. To comply with current demands on THz mixers for use in space based receivers we reduce the device size to 0.15/spl times/1 /spl mu/m and use a twin slot antenna. We report measurements of the noise temperature, LO power requirement, stability and the direct detection effect, using a mixer with a 1.6 THz twin slot antenna and a 1.462 THz solid state LO source with calibrated output power. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 546 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D. | ||||
Title | Millimeter and submillimeter wave range mixer based on electronic heating of superconducting films in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Sov. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Supercond. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1582-1597 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixers | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 240 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Hot electron superconductive mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 618-622 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixers | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1656 | |||
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Author | Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G. | ||||
Title | HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 244-252 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 319 | |||
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Author | Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 236-241 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer, NbN, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers based on a 3.5 nm NbN film deposited on a high-resistivity Si substrate with a 200 nm – thick MgO buffer layer. The mixer element was integrated with a log-periodic spiral antenna. The noise temperature measurements were performed at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz local oscillator frequencies for the 3 µm x 0.2 µm active area devices. The best uncorrected receiver noise temperatures found for these frequencies are 1300 K and 3100 K, respectively. A water vapour discharge laser was used as the LO source. We also present the results of direct detection contribution to the measured Y-factor and of a possible error of noise temperature calculation. This error was more than 8% for the mixer with in-plane dimensions of 2.4 x 0.16 µm 2 at the optimal noise temperature point. The use of a mesh filter enabled us to avoid the effect of direct detection and decrease optical losses by 0.5 dB. The paper is concluded by the investigation results of the mixer polarization response. It was shown that the polarization can differ from the circular one at 3.8 THz by more than 2 dB. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Northampton, Massachusetts, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 344 | |||
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Author | Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Finkel, M.; Maslennikov, S.; Semenov, A.; Voronov, B. M.; Rodin, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer for operation in the near-IR frequency range | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2300704 (1 to 4) |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer, IR, optical antenna | ||||
Abstract | Traditionally, hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers are employed for THz and “super-THz” heterodyne detection. To explore the near-IR spectral range, we propose a fiber-coupled NbN film based HEB mixer. To enhance the incident-light absorption, a quasi-antenna consisting of a set of parallel stripes of gold is used. To study the antenna effect on the mixer performance, we have experimentally studied a set of devices with different size of the Au stripe and spacing between the neighboring stripes. With use of the well-known isotherm technique we have estimated the absorption efficiency of the mixer, and the maximum efficiency has been observed for devices with the smallest pitch of the alternating NbN and NbN-Au stripes. Also, a proper alignment of the incident Eâƒ<2014>-field with respect to the stripes allows us to improve the coupling further. Studying IV-characteristics of the mixer under differently-aligned Eâƒ<2014>-field of the incident radiation, we have noticed a difference in their shape. This observation suggests that a difference exists in the way the two waves with orthogonal polarizations parallel and perpendicular Eâƒ<2014>-field to the stripes heat the electrons in the HEB mixer. The latter results in a variation in the electron temperature distribution over the HEB device irradiated by the two waves. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 952 | |||
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Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Low-noise wide-band hot-electron bolometer mixer based on an NbN film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 52 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 576-582 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer, in-situ contacts, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth, diffusion cooling channel | ||||
Abstract | We develop and study a hot-electron bolometer mixer made of a two-layer NbN–Au film in situ deposited on a silicon substrate. The double-sideband noise temperature of the mixer is 750 K at a frequency of 2.5 THz. The conversion efficiency measurements show that at the superconducting transition temperature, the intermediate-frequency bandwidth amounts to about 6.5 GHz for a mixer 0.112 μm long. These record-breaking characteristics are attributed to the improved contacts between a sensitive element and a helical antenna and are reached due to using the in situ deposition of NbN and Au layers at certain stages of the process. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 599 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Proc. 27th Eur. Microwave Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 972-977 | |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer, fabrication process | ||||
Abstract | The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 nm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 um wide and 2 um long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.2 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature. | ||||
Address | Jerusalem, Israel | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | 27th Eur. Microwave Conf. | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1075 | |||
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Author | Lobanov, Y.; Tong, C.; Blundell, R.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | A study of direct detection effect on the linearity of hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 20th ISSTT |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 282-287 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We have performed a study of how direct detection affects the linearity and hence the calibration of an HEB mixer. Two types of waveguide HEB devices have been used: a 0.8 THz HEB mixer and a 1.0 THz HEB mixer which is ~5 times smaller than the former. Two independent experimental approaches were used. In the ΔG/G method, the conversion gain of the HEB mixer is first measured as a function of the bias current for a number of bias voltages. At each bias setting, we carefully measure the change in the operating current when the input loads are switched. From the measured data, we can derive the expected difference in gain between the hot and cold loads. In the second method (injection method [1]), the linearity of the HEB mixer is independently measured by injecting a modulated signal for different input load temperatures. The results of both approaches confirm that there is gain compression in the operation of HEB mixers. Based on the results of our measurements, we discuss the impact of direct detection effects on the operation of HEB mixers. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 724 | ||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Design and performance of the lattice-cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 6758-6767 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer, charge imbalance, HF current distribution | ||||
Abstract | We present the measurements and the theoreticalmodel of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance. | ||||
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ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 306 | |||
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Author | Hajenius, M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Local resistivity and the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 495-498 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer distributed model, HEB distributed model, distributed HEB model | ||||
Abstract | Hot-electron bolometer devices, used successfully in low noise heterodyne mixing at frequencies up to 2.5 THz, have been analyzed. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, is used to model pumped IV curves and understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We argue that the mixing is predominantly due to the strongly temperature dependent local resistivity of the NbN. Experimentally we identify the origins of different transition temperatures in a real HEB device, suggesting the importance of the intrinsic resistive transition of the superconducting bridge in the modeling. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 980 | |||
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Author | Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 472-475 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer | ||||
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Publisher | IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 371 | |||
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Author | Lobanov, Y. V.; Tong, Cheuk-Yu E.; Hedden, A. S.; Blundell, R.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Microwave-assisted슠measurement슠of the슠frequency슠response슠of슠terahertz슠HEB슠mixers슠with a슠fourier슠transform슠spectrometer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | 21st International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology | Abbreviated Journal | 21st ISSTT |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 420-423 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | We describe a novel method of operation of the HEB direct detector for use with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Instead of elevating the bath temperature, we have measured the RF response of waveguide HEB mixers by applying microwave radiation to select appropriate bias conditions. In our experiment, a microwave signal is injected into the HEB mixer via its IF port. By choosing an appropriate injection level, the device can be operated close to the desired operating point. Furthermore, we have shown that both thermal biasing and microwave injection can reproduce the same spectral response of the HEB mixer. However, with the use of microwave injection, there is no need to wait for the mixer to reach thermal equilibrium, so characterisation can be done in less time. Also, the liquid helium consumption for our wet cryostat is also reduced. We have demonstrated that the signalto-noise ratio of the FTS measurements can be improved with microwave injection. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 725 | ||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Potoskuev, S. E. | ||||
Title | Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of electrons of a superconductor in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 414-420 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB | ||||
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Notes | Duplicated as 1697 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 236 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'iev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Antenna – coupled superconducting electron-heating bolometer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 623-628 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
HEB | ||||
Abstract | We propose a novel antenna-coupled superconducting bolometer based on electron-heating in the resistive state. A short narrow ultrathin super- conducting film strip (sized approximately 4x1x0.01 pm 3 ), which is in good thermal contact with the thermostat, serves as a resistive load for infrared or submillimeter current. In contrast to conventional isothermal super- conducting bolometers electron-heating ones can have a higher sensitivity which grows when filni. thickness is reduced. Response time of electron- heating bolometer does not depend on heat transfer from the film to the enviroment. To calculate the sensitivity (NEP), we have used experimental data on wideband Al, Nb and NbN bolometers which have the same un- derlying physical mechanism. The bolom.eters have been made in the form of a structure composed of a number of long narrow strips. The values of for Al, NEP have been found to be 1.5 . 113 -16 1 140 -15 ) and 2 . 10 – 14werT,-1/2 – Nb and NbN respectively. In the paper, the prospects are also discussed of improving the picosecond YBaCuO detector, developed recently. NEP value of the detector, if combined with a microantenna, can reach the order of 10- •ilz-v2. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1657 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. | ||||
Title | Nonselective effect of electromagnetic radiation on a superconducting film in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 296-299 |
Keywords ![]() |
HEB | ||||
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Notes | Неселективное воздействие электромагнитного излучения на сверхпроводящую пленку в резистивном состоянии | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1717 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gusinskii, E. N.; Malyavkin, A. V.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Selevko, A. G.; Edel'shtein, V. M. | ||||
Title | The excitonic Zeeman effect in uniaxially-strained germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1987 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 65 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1233-1241 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, Zeeman effect | ||||
Abstract | We have carried out a high-resolution spectroscopic study of the absorption of submillimeter radiation by free excitons in germanium compressed along the [ 1 11 ] axis in a magnetic field parallel to the compression axis. In particular, we studied the splitting of the 1s- 2p transition in fields up to 6 kOe at T = 1.6 K, and observed a complex pattern in the Zeeman splitting which we believe is related to the effect of thermal motion of the excitons in a magnetic field on their internal structure (the magneto-Stark effect). The calculated submillimeter spectrum of excitons agrees with the experimental data. We predict that in a magnetic field the energy of the 2p, term is a minimum at a finite value of the exciton momentum perpendicular to the field-that is, the energy minimum forms a ring in momentum space. It follows that the density of states for this term must be a nonmonotonic function of the energy. A theory is developed of analogous phenomena in positronium. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1705 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Riger, E. R. | ||||
Title | Effect of electron-electron collisions on the trapping of free carriers by shallow impurity centers in germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 64 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 889-897 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, trapping of free carriers | ||||
Abstract | Cascade Auger recombination of free carriers on shallow impurities in Ge is investigated under quasi-equilibrium conditions (T= 2-12 K) and in impurity breakdown. The Auger capture cross sections are found to be a,= 5. 10-l9 T-'n cm2 for donors and uip= 7- T-5p cm2 for acceptors. It is shown that in an isotropic semiconductor (p-Ge) ui is well described by the cascade-capture theory that takes into account only electron-electron collisions. In an anisotropic semiconductor ui is considerably larger (n-Ge, strongly uniaxially compressedp-Ge). Under impurity breakdown conditions the electron-electron collisions determine the lifetimes of the free carriers only in samples with appreciable density of the compensating impurity (Nk loi3 cmP3). | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1707 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Mel'nikov, A. P. | ||||
Title | Binding energy of a carrier with a neutral impurity atom in germanium and in silicon | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1971 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 185-186 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, Si, neutral impurity atom, binding energy | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1739 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E.M.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Ptitsyna, N. G. | ||||
Title | Carrier lifetime in excited states of shallow impurities in germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 539-543 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, shallow impurities, excited states | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1726 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G. | ||||
Title | Population and lifetime of excited states of shallow impurities in Ge | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1979 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 49 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 355-362 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, photothermal ionization, shallow impurities | ||||
Abstract | An investigation was made of the dependences of the intensities of photothermal ionization lines of excited states of shallow impurities in Ge on the intensity of impurity-absorbed background radiation and on temperature. The results obtained were used to find the density and lifetime of carriers of lower excited states of the impurity centers. The lifetimes of the excited states of donors in Ge were 10-~-10-" sec and the lifetime of the lower excited state of acceptors was -lo-' sec. In the presence of background radiation the population of the excited states was very different from the equilibrium value and, in particular, a population inversion of the 2pk, state relative to the 3p0 and 3s states was observed. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1719 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsyna, N. G. | ||||
Title | Capture of photoexcited carriers by shallow impurity centers in germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1979 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 50 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 728-734 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, photoexcited carriers, shallow impurity centers | ||||
Abstract | Measurements were made of the lifetimes rf of free carriers and the relaxation time 7, of the submillimeter impurity photoconductivity when carriers are captured by attracting shallow donors and acceptom in Ge. It is nod that in samples with capture-center concentration N,Z 10"cm-' the relaxation time 7, greatly exceeds rf in the temperature range 4.2-12 K. The measured values of 7,- are compared with the calculation of cascade recombination by the classical model. To evaluate the data on T,, the distinguishing features of this model are considered for the nonstationary case. The substantial difference betweea the values of rf and T, is attributed to re-emission of the carriers from the excited states of the shallow impurities. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1720 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Emtsev, V. V.; Mashovets, T. V.; Ptitsyna, N. G.; Ryvkin, S. M. | ||||
Title | Role of impurities of groups III and V in the formation of defects following γ irradiation of germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1971 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 241 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, gamma irradiation, defects, impurities | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1742 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'ev, A. I. | ||||
Title | Energy spectrum of the donors in GaAs and Ge and its reaction to a magnetic field | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 555-565 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, GaAs, magnetic field, donors, energy spectrum | ||||
Abstract | The spectrum of the submillimeter photoconductivity of n-GaAs and n-Ge in a magnetic field up to 60 kOe at helium temperatures was investigated. A large number of lines due to transitions between excited states of the donors have been investigated, and the measurement results were used to determine a number of levels of the energy spectrum in a wide range of magnetic fields. For GaAs, these data are compared with calculations of the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom in magnetic fields up to -2X lo9 Oe. For the donors in Ge, the energy spectrum is investigated at different orientations of the magnetic field relative to the crystallographic axes (H 11 [loo], [I 1 I], [110]), and these results are also compared with the corresponding calculations. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1728 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G.; Ptitsina, N. G. | ||||
Title | Energy spectrum of free excitons in germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1973 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 18 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 93 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, free excitons, energy spectrum | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1734 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G. | ||||
Title | Investigation of free excitons in Ge and their condensation at submillimeter wavelengths | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 43 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 116-122 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, free excitons | ||||
Abstract | Results are presented of an investigation of free excitons in Ge in the submillimeter wavelength range for low as well as for high excitation levels when interaction between the excitons becomes important. The free-exciton energy spectrum is discussed. It is shown that the drop radii and their concentrations can be determined by measuring the temperature dependence of the free-exciton concentration. A section of the phase diagram is obtained in the 0.5-2.8 K temperature range for the free excitons+condensate system. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1731 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G. | ||||
Title | Cross section for binding of free carriers into excitons in germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 33 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 574 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, excitons, photoconductivity | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1718 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G. | ||||
Title | Observation of the free-exciton spectrum at submillimeter wavelengths | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1972 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 161-162 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, energy spectrum, free excitons | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1736 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G. | ||||
Title | Kinetics of electron and hole binding into excitons in germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Sov. Phys. JETP | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume | 57 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 369-376 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, electron and hole binding | ||||
Abstract | The kinetics of binding of free carriers'into excitons under stationary and nonstationary conditions is studied by investigating the submillimeter photoconductivity of Ge in a wide range of temperatures and of excitation levels. It is shown that the absolute values and the temperature dependence of the binding cross section (o- T-'.' ) can be satisfactorily described by the cascade recombination theory. The value of o and its temperature dependence differ significantly from the cross sections, measured in the same manner, for capture by attracting small impurities. Under nonstationary conditions, just as in the case of recombination with shallow impurities, a signifi- cant role is played by the sticking of the carriers in highly excited states. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1711 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Transitions of electrons between excited states of donors in germanium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1971 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 63-65 |
Keywords ![]() |
Ge, donors, excited states | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | |||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1740 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E.M.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Dzardanov, A.L.; Kuznetsov, E.A. | ||||
Title | Superconducting UHF-limiter based on electron heating up | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika | Abbreviated Journal | Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 2164-2170 |
Keywords ![]() |
electron heating, applications | ||||
Abstract | The results of experimental investigation of fast-action 5HF-limiter are presented; the limiter is based on the utilization of electron hetaing phenomenon in thin superconducting films. The design of SHF-limiter, which is intended for operation at liquid helium temperatures and which has the form of a section of superconducting NbN microstrip line for 1-12 GHz rang, is described. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0235-8964 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1669 | |||
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Author | Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Ozhegov, R.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Spiral antenna coupled and directly coupled NbN HEB mixers in the frequency range from 1 to 70 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 177-179 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
directly coupled NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We investigate both antenna coupled and directly coupled HEB mixers at several LO frequencies within the range of 2.5 THz to 70 THz. H20 (2.5+10.7 THz), and CO2 (30 THz) gas discharge lasers are used as the local oscillators. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixers is measured at LO frequencies of 2.5 THz, 3.8 THz, and 30 THz. The results for both antenna coupled and directly coupled mixer types are compared. The devices with in—plane dimensions of 5x5 ,um 2 are pumped by LO radiation at 10.7 THz. The directly coupled HEB demonstrates nearly flat dependence of responsivity on frequency in the range of 25+64 THz. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Paris, France | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 386 | |||
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Author | Lang, P. T.; Knott, W. J.; Leipold, I.; Renk, K. F.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Generation and detection of tunable ultrashort infrared and far-infrared radiation pulses of high intensity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves | Abbreviated Journal | Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 373-380 |
Keywords ![]() |
CO2 IR lasers, FIR | ||||
Abstract | We report on generation and detection of intense pulsed radiation with frequency tunability in the infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Infrared radiation is generated with a transversally electrically excited high pressure CO2 laser. A laser pulse of a total duration of about 300 ns consisted, due to self mode locking, of a series of single pulses, some with pulse durations of less than 450 ps and peak powers larger than 20 MW. Using these pulses for optical with durations less than 400 ps were obtained. For detection a new ultrafast superconducting detector was used. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0195-9271 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1671 | |||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Lang, P. T.; Leipold, I.; Knott, W. J.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Renk, K. F. | ||||
Title | New far-infrared laser lines from CH3Cl and CH3Br optically pumped with a continuously tunable high pressure CO2 laser | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Appl. Phys. B | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. B |
Volume | 53 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 207-212 |
Keywords ![]() |
CO2 IR lasers, applications, CH3Cl, CH3Br | ||||
Abstract | In this paper we report on the detection of new far-infrared laser lines from CH3Cl and CH3Br optically pumped with a continuously tunable high pressure CO2 laser. We found 80 new lines for CH3Cl and 9 new lines for CH3Br in the frequency region between 16 cm−1 and 41 cm−1, all due to stimulated Raman scattering. For the Raman gain regions bandwidths up to about 700 MHz were found. We also observed high intensity short far-infrared laser pulses of durations in the nanosecond regime. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0721-7269 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1678 | |||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Khasminskaya, S.; Pyatkov, F.; Słowik, K.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Rath, P.; Vetter, A.; Hennrich, F.; Kappes, M. M.; Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Krupke, R.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Fully integrated quantum photonic circuit with an electrically driven light source | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Nat. Photon. | Abbreviated Journal | Nat. Photon. |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 727-732 |
Keywords ![]() |
Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, Integrated optics, Single photons and quantum effects, Waveguide integrated single-photon detector | ||||
Abstract | Photonic quantum technologies allow quantum phenomena to be exploited in applications such as quantum cryptography, quantum simulation and quantum computation. A key requirement for practical devices is the scalable integration of single-photon sources, detectors and linear optical elements on a common platform. Nanophotonic circuits enable the realization of complex linear optical systems, while non-classical light can be measured with waveguide-integrated detectors. However, reproducible single-photon sources with high brightness and compatibility with photonic devices remain elusive for fully integrated systems. Here, we report the observation of antibunching in the light emitted from an electrically driven carbon nanotube embedded within a photonic quantum circuit. Non-classical light generated on chip is recorded under cryogenic conditions with waveguide-integrated superconducting single-photon detectors, without requiring optical filtering. Because exclusively scalable fabrication and deposition methods are used, our results establish carbon nanotubes as promising nanoscale single-photon emitters for hybrid quantum photonic devices. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 1105 | ||
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Author | Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E.M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Mirskij, G. I.; Semenov, A. D. | ||||
Title | Submillimetric spectrometer-relaxometer based on backward-wave tubes with picosecond time resolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta | Abbreviated Journal | Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Volume | 34 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 125-131 |
Keywords ![]() |
BWO, applications | ||||
Abstract | The high-sensitive automatic spectrometer-relaxometer based on backward-wave tubes in the range of 4÷0.25 mm was described permitting to study the response kinetics of sample under investigation in any point of this range with the resolution time of 10-11 s. The relaxation measurements were conducted using oscillation beats of two adequate tubes, the frequency of one of them was fixed, while that of the other one was changeable. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the response under the conditions of synchronous reception was recorded at beat frequency variation from 107 to 1010 Hz. The high sensitivity was reached by decreasing the device recording band down to 100 Hz in the whole measuring range. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0032-8162 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1683 | |||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Mirskii, G. I. | ||||
Title | Submillimeter backward-wave-tube spectrometer-relaxometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1987 | Publication | Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta | Abbreviated Journal | Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Volume | 30 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 131-137 |
Keywords ![]() |
BWO, applications | ||||
Abstract | A backward-wave-tube (BWT) spectrometer-relaxometer is described that is designed for study of the relaxation characteristics of photoconductors in the wavelength range of 2-0.25 mm – in particular, to measure the relaxation times of the submillimeter photoconductivity of germanium in the range of 10[sup:-4]-10[sup:-9] sec and to determine from these data the concentration of compensating impurities of from 10[sup:10] to 10[sup:14] cm[sup:-3]. The instrument uses the beats of the oscillations of two BWTs and records the amplitude-frequency response of the specimen with variation of the beat frequency from 10[sup:4] to 10[sup:8] Hz with accumulation of the desired signal for less than or equal to1 sec by means of a quadrature synchronous detector. The beat frequency is stabilized and the quadrature voltages of the synchronous detector are formed by means of phase-locked loops. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1699 | |||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D. | ||||
Title | Submillimeter backward wave tube spectrometer for measuring superconducting film transmission | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta | Abbreviated Journal | Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Volume | 26 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 134-137 |
Keywords ![]() |
BWO spectroscopy, spectrometer, transmission | ||||
Abstract | A spectrometer employing six backward wave tubes is described. It is intended for investigation of superconductors in the 0.2-3 mm range of wave lengths. During the measurement of the transmission spectrum it is possible to determine the energy gap for superconduct1ng films 50 to 4000 A thick. The transmission factor can vary from 10-1 to 10-9. Spectrum of relation of film transmission factors in superconducting and normal states is measured for determining the energy gap 2 Δ. The transmission spectrum obtained by means of a computer for vanadium film 300 A thick is given as an example. The energy gap 2 Δ = 1.4 MeV | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0032-8162 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Субмиллиметровый спектрометр с лампами обратной волны для измерения пропускания сверхпроводниковых пленок | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1713 | |||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Gershenson, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'ev, A. I.; Kagane, M. L.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G. | ||||
Title | Use of submillimeter backward-wave tube spectroscopy in determination of the chemical nature and concentration of residual impurities in pure semiconductors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Sov. Phys. Semicond. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Phys. Semicond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 908-913 |
Keywords ![]() |
BWO spectroscopy, pure semiconductors, residual impurities | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Notes | Применение субмиллиметровой ЛОВ спектроскопии для определения химической природы и концентрации примесей в чистых полупроводниках | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1714 | |||
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Author | Schwaab, G. W.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Erichsen, Patrik; Gol'tsman, G.; Semenov, A.; Verevkin, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | A high resolution spectrometer for the investigation of molecular structures in the THZ range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 530-538 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
antireflection coatings, dielectric mirrors | ||||
Abstract | A status report on the design study of a novel tunable far-infrared (TuFTR) spectrometer for the investigation of the structure of weakly bound molecular complexes is given. The goal is a sensitive TuFIR spectrometer with full frequency coverage from 1-6 THz. To hit the goal, advanced sources (e.g. p-Ge lasers) and detectors (e.g. superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers) shall be employed to extend the technique of cavity ringdown spectroscopy, that is currently used at optical and infrared frequencies to the FIR spectral range. Critical for such a system are high-Q resonators that still allow good optical coupling, and wideband antireflection coatings to increase detector sensitivity and decrease optical path losses. 2 nd order effective media theory and an iterative multilayer algorithm have been employed to design wideband antireflection coatings for dielectrics with large dielectric constants like Ge or Si. Taking into account 6 layers, for Si bandwidths of 100% of the center frequency could be obtained with power reflectivities below 1% for both polarizations simultaneously. Wideband dielectric mirrors including absorption losses were also studied yielding a bandwidth of about 50% with reflectivities larger than 99.5%. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1577 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulcova, G. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. | ||||
Title | Direct measurements of energy relaxation time of electrons in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures under quasi-equilibrium conditions | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Surface Science | Abbreviated Journal | Surface Science |
Volume | 361-362 | Issue | Pages | 569-573 | |
Keywords ![]() |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures | ||||
Abstract | For the first time, results are presented of a direct measurement of the energy relaxation time τε of 2D electrons in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction at T = 1 and 5–20 K. A weak temperature dependence of τε for the T > 4K range and a linear temperature dependence of the reciprocal of τε for T < 4K have been observed. The linear dependence τε−1 ≈ T in the Bloch-Gruneisen regime is direct evidence of the predominance of the piezo-electric mechanism of electron-phonon interaction in non-elastic electron scattering processes. The values of τε in this regime are in very good agreement with the results of the Karpus theory. At higher temperatures, where the deformation-potential scattering becomes noticeable, a substantial disagreement between the experimental data and the theoretical results is observed. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0039-6028 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1609 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulcova, G. M.; Gol'Tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. | ||||
Title | Determination of the limiting mobility of a two-dimensional electron gas in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructures and direct measurement of the energy relaxation time | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter. | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter. |
Volume | 53 | Issue | 12 | Pages | R7592-R7595 |
Keywords ![]() |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures | ||||
Abstract | We present results for a method to measure directly the energy relaxation time (τe) for electrons in a single AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs heterojunction; measurements were performed from 1.6 to 15 K under quasiequilibrium conditions. We find τeαT−1 below 4 K, and τe independent of T above 4 K. We have also measured the energy-loss rate, ⟨Q⟩, by the Shubnikov-de Haas technique, and find ⟨Q⟩α(T3e−T3) for T<~4.2 K; Te is the electron temperature. The values and temperature dependence of τe and ⟨Q⟩ for T<4 K agree with calculations based on piezoelectric and deformation potential acoustic phonon scattering. At 4.2 K, we can also estimate the momentum relaxation time, τm, from our measured τe. This leads to a preliminary estimate of the phonon-limited mobility at 4.2 K of μ=3×107 cm2/Vs (ns=4.2×1011 cm−2), which agrees well with published numerical calculations, as well as with an earlier indirect estimate based on measurements on a sample with much higher mobility. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0163-1829 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:9982274 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1612 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A. I.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. | ||||
Title | Electron energy relaxation in a 2D channel in AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures under quasiequilibrium conditions at low temperatures | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 61 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 591-595 |
Keywords ![]() |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures | ||||
Abstract | The energy relaxation time of 2D electrons, Te, has been measured under quasiequilibrium conditions in AlGaAs—GaAs heterojunctions over the temperature range T= 1.5—20 K. At T> 4 K, Te depends only weakly on the temperature, while at T< 4 K 7;'(T) there is a dependence fr; lNT. A linear dependence 7: 1 (T) in the Bloch—-Grfineisen temperature region (T< 5 K) is unambiguous evidence that a piezoacoustic mechanism of an electron—phonon interaction is predominant in the inelastic scattering of electrons. The values of T6 in this temperature range agree very accurately with theoretical results reported by Karpus [Sov. Phys. Semicond. 22 (1988)]. At higher temperatures, where scat—tering by deformation acoustic phonons becomes substantial, there is a significant discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical re-sults. | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1624 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M.; Smirnov, K. S.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Direct measurements of energy relaxation times in two-dimensional structures under quasi-equilibrium conditions | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Mater. Sci. Forum | Abbreviated Journal | Mater. Sci. Forum |
Volume | 384-3 | Issue | Pages | 107-116 | |
Keywords ![]() |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs | ||||
Abstract | A new microwave technique was successfully applied for direct studies of energy relaxation times in two-dimensional AlGaAs/GaAs structures under quasi-equilibrium conditions in the nanosecond and picosecond time scale. We report our results of energy relaxation time measurements in the temperature range 1.6-50 K, in quantum Hall effect regime in magnetic fields up to 4 T. | ||||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Materials Science Forum | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1536 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. ASC | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ SSPD_cavity_ASC | Serial | 389 | ||
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Author | Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H. W.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Wang, Z. | ||||
Title | Hot electron bolometric mixers based on NbN films deposited on MgO substrates | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 167 | Issue | Pages | 687-690 | |
Keywords ![]() |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Barcelona, Spain | Editor | ||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | 4th Europ. Conf. on Appl. Superconductivity, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 297 | |||
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Author | Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Shishkov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinski, V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixer noise temperature measurements with hot/cold load mounted inside the helium cryostat at 300 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. Int. Student Seminar on Microwave Appl. of Novel Physical Phenomena supported by IEEE | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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Publisher | LETI | Place of Publication | St.-Petersburg | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 324 | |||
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Author | Ozhegov, R.; Morozov, D.; Maslennikov, S.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Submillimeter wave range imaging system for registering human body radiation and finding out the things covered under clothes | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 3rd Int. exhibition and conf. Non-Destructive Testing Equipment and Devices | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 345 | |||
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Author | Ozhegov, R.; Maslennikov, S.; Morozov, D.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Imaging system for submillimeter wave range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004 | Serial | 347 | ||
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Author | Maslennikov, S.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Antipov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixers for frequencies of 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004 | Serial | 349 | ||
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Author | Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature, gain bandwidth and local oscillator power of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixer at terahertz frequenciess | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 329-330 | ||
Keywords ![]() |
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Abstract | We present the performances of HEB mixers based on 3.5 nm thick NbN film integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. The double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4.2 GHz and the noise bandwidth is 5 GHz. The local oscillator power is 1-3 /spl mu/W for mixers with different active area. | ||||
Address | Karlsruhe, Germany | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Karlsruhe, Germany | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ nt_ifb_lopow_qoheb_karlsruhe_2004 | Serial | 354 | ||
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Author | Seleznev, V. A.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Lyakhno, V. Yu; Garbuz, A. S.; Mikhailov, M. Yu; Zhigalina, O. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Deposition and characterization of few-nanometers-thick superconducting Mo-Re films | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 115006 (1 to 6) |
Keywords ![]() |
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Abstract | We report on the fabrication and investigation of few-nanometers-thick superconducting molybdenum-rhenium (Mo-Re) films intended for use in nanowire single-photon superconducting detectors (SSPDs). Mo-Re films were deposited on sapphire substrates by DC magnetron sputtering of an Mo(60)-Re(40) alloy target in an atmosphere of argon. The films 2-10 nm thick had critical temperatures (Tc) from 5.6 to 9.7 K. HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) analysis showed that the films had a homogeneous structure. XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis showed the Mo to Re atom ratio to be 0.575/0.425, oxygen concentration to be 10%, and concentration of other elements to be 1%. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 723 | ||
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Author | Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | arXiv:0709.0709v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
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Abstract | We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations – phase slips and vortices – in formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature T(C0). The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples is substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length ξ = 4nm and the fluctuation resistivity above T(C0) has a two-dimensional character. However, our data shows that the resistivity below T(C0) is produced by one-dimensional excitations, – thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross-section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current/temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within seven orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ atomics90 @ | Serial | 948 | ||
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Author | Dzardanov, A.; Ekstrom, H.; Gershenzon, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Jacobsson, S.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Okunev, O.; Voronov, B.; Yngvesson, S. | ||||
Title | Hot-electron superconducting mixers for 20-500 GHz operation | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Proc. Int. Conf. on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Appl. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2250 | Issue | 4D | Pages | 276-278 |
Keywords ![]() |
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Abstract | Bolometdcmucers based on Nb and NbN superconducting thin films in the resistive state have been prepared for 20, 100 GHz and 350-500 GHz operation. The mixing mechanism is presumably of electron heating origin. Our measurements indicate that a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB can rather easily be achieved, and that the noise is reasonably low. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are discussed. For NbN films the availability of nearly 1 GHz IF bandwidth is experimentally demonstrated. NbN hot-electron mucers combined with slot-line tapered antenna on Si membrane or with double-dipole antenna on SiO^ substrate have been fabricated. The devices we study are considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ phisix @ | Serial | 981 | ||
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Author | Kitaygorsky, Jennifer; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Fluctuations in two-dimensional superconducting NbN nanobridges and nanostructures meanders | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. APS March Meeting | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. APS March Meeting |
Volume | 52 | Issue | 1 | Pages | L9.00013 |
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Abstract | We have observed fluctuations, manifested as sub-nanosecond to nanosecond transient, millivolt-amplitude voltage pulses, generated in two-dimensional NbN nanobridges, as well as in extended superconducting meander nanostructures, designed for single photon counting. Both nanobridges and nano-stripe meanders were biased at currents close to the critical current and measured in a range of temperatures from 1.5 to 8 K. During the tests, the devices were blocked from all incoming radiation by a metallic enclosure and shielded from any external magnetic fields. We attribute the observed spontaneous voltage pulses to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-type fluctuations, where the high enough applied bias current reduces the binding energy of vortex-antivortex pairs and, subsequently, thermal fluctuations break them apart causing the order parameter to momentarily reduce to zero, which in turn causes a transient voltage pulse. The duration of the voltage pulses depended on the device geometry (with the high-kinetic inductance meander structures having longer, nanosecond, pulses) while their rate was directly related to the biasing current as well as temperature. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1027 | |||
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Author | Peltonen, J. T.; Peng, Z. H.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Tsai, J. S; Astafiev, Oleg | ||||
Title | Coherent dynamics and decoherence in a superconducting weak link | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Physic. Rev. B, | Abbreviated Journal | Physic. Rev. B, |
Volume | 94 | Issue | Pages | 180508 | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ | Serial | 1123 | ||
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Author | Mehdi, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Putz, P. | ||||
Title | Introduction to the mini-special-issue on the 25th international symposium on space terahertz technology (ISSTT) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 14-15 |
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Abstract | THE 25th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT) was held in Moscow, Russia, between April 27–30, 2014. The conference was organized by Moscow State Pedagogical University and the Higher School of Economics (National Research University) and Chaired by Professor Gregory Gol'tsman of Moscow State Pedagogical University. The conference was attended by roughly 150 participants from 15 countries. The technology covered by ISSTT includes detectors, devices, circuits and systems in various areas of THz science and technology. Each year this symposium brings together the global THz space science technology community, and as such, emphasizes the broad international collaboration that is required to execute these large complicated instrument programs that dominate this field. However, talks covering technologies for balloon, aircraft, and ground-based telescopes were also presented. In this special section of IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, we include eight expanded papers from the 25th ISSTT symposium. The papers range from development of SIS mixers to optical adjustment systems for radio telescopes. The 26th ISSTT will be held in Boston, MA, USA, during March 16–18, 2015. Researchers and scientist involved in THz research are invited to attend this symposium (more details are at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/events/2015/isstt2015/). You can access the full list of papers presented at the ISSTT symposia from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory website: http://www.nrao.edu/meetings/isstt/index.shtml Yours sincerely |
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ISSN | 2156-342X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1353 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Hot-electron superconducting mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 2104 | Issue | Pages | 329-330 | |
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Abstract | The creation of low noise heterodyne receivers for frequencies above 1 THz is in the urgentneed for radio astronomy, laser spectroscopy, plasma diagnostic, etc. In this paper we discussthe nonlinear effect related to hot electrons in superconductors, and their potential use in lownoise submilimeter wave mixer. We also discuss results achieved so far as well as possible futuredevelopments. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | 18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1654 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Effect of electromagnetic radiation on a superconductor in a magnetic field | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya | Abbreviated Journal | Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
Volume | 52 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 449-451 |
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Abstract | The effect of electromagnetic radiation on thin superconducting films of Nb with a large number of static defects is investigated experimentally for the case where the film is in the resistive state due to an applied magnetic field and transport current. The results obtained are found to be well described by a model of spatially homogeneous electron heating. It is noted that the results obtained here for Nb films are also valid for Al, NbN, and MoRe films. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0367-6765 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | 4th Vsesoiuznyi Seminar po Opticheskomu Detektirovaniiu Magnitnykh Rezonansov v Tverdykh Telakh, Tallin, Estonian SSR, Apr. 1987 | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1702 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. | ||||
Title | Heating of quasiparticles in a superconducting film in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | JETP Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | JETP Lett. |
Volume | 34 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 268-271 |
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1716 | |||
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