| Records |
| Author |
Hajenius, M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Local resistivity and the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
495-498 |
Keywords  |
HEB mixer distributed model, HEB distributed model, distributed HEB model |
| Abstract |
Hot-electron bolometer devices, used successfully in low noise heterodyne mixing at frequencies up to 2.5 THz, have been analyzed. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, is used to model pumped IV curves and understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We argue that the mixing is predominantly due to the strongly temperature dependent local resistivity of the NbN. Experimentally we identify the origins of different transition temperatures in a real HEB device, suggesting the importance of the intrinsic resistive transition of the superconducting bridge in the modeling. |
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1051-8223 |
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980 |
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Klapwijk, T. M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A. |
| Title |
Improved superconducting hot-electron bolometer devices for the THz range |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
5498 |
Issue |
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Pages |
129-139 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer distributed model, numerical model |
| Abstract |
Improved and reproducible heterodyne mixing (noise temperatures of 950 K at 2.5 THz) has been realized with NbN based hot-electron superconducting devices with low contact resistances. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, has been used to understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We find that the mixing is predominantly due to the exponential rise of the local resistivity as a function of electron temperature. |
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Invited talk, Recommended by Klapwijk |
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912 |
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| Author |
Ynvesson, K. Sigfrid; Kollberg, Erik L. |
| Title |
Optimum receiver noise temperature for NbN HEB mixers according to standard model |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Pages |
566-582 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer model, standard model, electro-thermal feedback, self-heating parameter, heating efficiency |
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895 |
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| Author |
Karasik, B. S.; Elantiev, A. I. |
| Title |
Noise temperature limit of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
68 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
853-855 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer noise temperature, Johnson noise, thermal fluctuation noise, noise bandwidth |
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0003-6951 |
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260 |
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Khosropanah, P.; Merkel, H.; Yngvesson, S.; Adam, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Kollberg, E. |
| Title |
A distributed device model for phonon-cooled HEB mixers predicting IV characteristics, gain, noise and IF bandwidth |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
474-488 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer numerical model, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model |
| Abstract |
A distributed model for phonon-cooled superconductor hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is given, which is based on solving the one-dimensional heat balance equation for the electron temperature profile along the superconductor strip. In this model it is assumed that the LO power is absorbed uniformly along the bridge but the DC power absorption depends on the local resistivity and is thus not uniform. The electron temperature dependence of the resistivity is assumed to be continuous and has a Fermi form. These assumptions are used in setting up the non-linear heat balance equation, which is solved numerically for the electron temperature profile along the bolometer strip. Based on this profile the resistance of the device and the IV curves are calculated. The IV curves are in excellent agreement with measurement results. Using a small signal model the conversion gain of the mixer is obtained. The expressions for Johnson noise and thermal fluctuation noise are derived. The calculated results are in close agreement with measurements, provided that one of the parameters used is adjusted. |
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University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA |
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893 |
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