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Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
92 |
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24 |
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241112 (1 to 3) |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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0003-6951 |
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Korneev, A. A.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Yu.; Pershin, Y. P.; Semenov, A. V.; Vodolazov, D. Yu.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Sivakov, A. G.; Devizenko, A. Yu.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Characterization of MoSi superconducting single-photon detectors in the magnetic field |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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25 |
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3 |
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2200504 (1 to 4) |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We investigate the response mechanism of nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) made of amorphous MoxSi1-x. We study the dependence of photon count and dark count rates on bias current in magnetic fields up to 113 mT at 1.7 K temperature. The observed behavior of photon counts is similar to the one recently observed in NbN SSPDs. Our results show that the detecting mechanism of relatively high-energy photons does not involve the vortex penetration from the edges of the film, and on the contrary, the detecting mechanism of low-energy photons probably involves the vortex penetration from the film edges. |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ KorneevIEEE2015 |
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991 |
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Klapwijk, T. M.; Semenov, A. V. |
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Engineering physics of superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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7 |
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6 |
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627-648 |
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HEB mixers |
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Superconducting hot-electron bolometers are presently the best performing mixing devices for the frequency range beyond 1.2 THz, where good-quality superconductor-insulator-superconductor devices do not exist. Their physical appearance is very simple: an antenna consisting of a normal metal, sometimes a normal-metal-superconductor bilayer, connected to a thin film of a narrow short superconductor with a high resistivity in the normal state. The device is brought into an optimal operating regime by applying a dc current and a certain amount of local-oscillator power. Despite this technological simplicity, its operation has found to be controlled by many different aspects of superconductivity, all occurring simultaneously. A core ingredient is the understanding that there are two sources of resistance in a superconductor: a charge-conversion resistance occurring at a normal-metal-superconductor interface and a resistance due to time-dependent changes of the superconducting phase. The latter is responsible for the actual mixing process in a nonuniform superconducting environment set up by the bias conditions and the geometry. The present understanding indicates that further improvement needs to be found in the use of other materials with a faster energy relaxation rate. Meanwhile, several empirical parameters have become physically meaningful indicators of the devices, which will facilitate the technological developments. |
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2156-342X |
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1292 |
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Lobanov, Y. V.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
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Title |
Heterodyne spectroscopy with superconducting single-photon detector |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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EPJ Web Conf. |
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EPJ Web Conf. |
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132 |
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01005 |
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SSPD mixer, SNSPD |
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We demonstrate successful operation of a Superconducting Single Photon Detector (SSPD) as the core element in a heterodyne receiver. Irradiating the SSPD by both a local oscillator power and signal power simultaneously, we observed beat signal at the intermediate frequency of a few MHz. Gain bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector single pulse width, where the latter depends on the detector kinetic inductance, determined by the superconducting nanowire length. |
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2100-014X |
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1205 |
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Semenov, A. V.; Devyatov, I. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Maslennikova, A. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Chulkova, G. M. |
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Title |
Absorption of terahertz electromagnetic radiation in dirty superconducting film at arbitrary type of the spectral functions |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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10 |
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terahertz electromagnetic radiation; superconductors; detectors of terahertz range |
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A problem of absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic field in dirty superconductor is treated within Keldysh technic. Expression for the source term in the kinetic equation for quasiparticle distribution function is derived. The result is significant for deriving a consistent microscopic theory of superconducting detectors for terahertz frequency range, perspective detectors on kinetic inductance of current-biased superconducting strip and on Josephson inductance of tunnel. |
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7 pages |
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1117 |
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Peltonen, J. T.; Peng, Z. H.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Tsai, J. S; Astafiev, Oleg |
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Coherent dynamics and decoherence in a superconducting weak link |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Physic. Rev. B, |
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Physic. Rev. B, |
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94 |
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180508 |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
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1123 |
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Baeva, E. M.; Titova, N. A.; Veyrat, L.; Sacépé, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Khrapai, V. S. |
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Thermal relaxation in metal films bottlenecked by diffuson lattice excitations of amorphous substrates |
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Miscellaneous |
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2021 |
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arXiv |
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arXiv |
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metal films, NbN, InOx, Au/Ni, thermal relaxation |
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Here we examine the role of the amorphous insulating substrate in the thermal relaxation in thin NbN, InOx, and Au/Ni films at temperatures above 5 K. The studied samples are made up of metal bridges on an amorphous insulating layer lying on or suspended above a crystalline substrate. Noise thermometry was used to measure the electron temperature Te of the films as a function of Joule power per unit of area P2D. In all samples, we observe the dependence P2D∝Tne with the exponent n≃2, which is inconsistent with both electron-phonon coupling and Kapitza thermal resistance. In suspended samples, the functional dependence of P2D(Te) on the length of the amorphous insulating layer is consistent with the linear T-dependence of the thermal conductivity, which is related to lattice excitations (diffusons) for the phonon mean free path smaller than the dominant phonon wavelength. Our findings are important for understanding the operation of devices embedded in amorphous dielectrics. |
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1163 |
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Saveskul, N. A.; Titova, N. A.; Baeva, E. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Saha, S.; Reddy, H.; Bogdanov, S. I.; Marinero, E. E.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A.; Khrapai, V. S.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Superconductivity behavior in epitaxial TiN films points to surface magnetic disorder |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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12 |
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5 |
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054001 |
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epitaxial TiN films |
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We analyze the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties of epitaxial TiN films, characterized by high Ioffe-Regel parameter values, as a function of the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, we observe an increase of the residual resistivity, that becomes dominated by diffusive surface scattering for d≤20nm. At the same time, a substantial thickness-dependent reduction of the superconducting critical temperature is observed compared to the bulk TiN value. In such high-quality material films, this effect can be explained by a weak magnetic disorder residing in the surface layer with a characteristic magnetic defect density of approximately 1012cm−2. Our results suggest that surface magnetic disorder is generally present in oxidized TiN films. |
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2331-7019 |
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1166 |
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Elezov, M. S.; Semenov, A. V.; An, P. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Kazakov, A. Y. |
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Investigating the detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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J. Opt. Technol. |
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J. Opt. Technol. |
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80 |
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7 |
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435 |
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SSPD, quantum efficiency |
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The detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector have been investigated. A technique is proposed for determining the regions in which “pure regimes” predominate. Based on experimental data, the dependences of the internal quantum efficiency on the bias current are determined in the one-, two-, and three-photon detection regimes. |
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1070-9762 |
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1172 |
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Polyakova, M.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Protocol of measuring hot-spot correlation length for SNSPDs with near-unity detection efficiency |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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29 |
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5 |
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1-5 |
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SSPD, waveguide-integrated SNSPD, hot-spot interaction length |
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We present a simple quantum detector tomography protocol, which allows, without ambiguities, to measure the two-spot detection efficiency and extract the hot-spot interaction length of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) with unity intrinsic detection efficiency. We identify a significant parasitic contribution to the measured two-spot efficiency, related to an effect of the bias circuit, and find a way to rule out this contribution during data post-processing and directly in the experiment. From the data analysis for waveguide-integrated SNSPD, we find signatures of the saturation of the two-spot efficiency and hot-spot interaction length of order of 100 nm. |
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1051-8223 |
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1187 |
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Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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31 |
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5 |
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1-5 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated. |
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Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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10 |
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6 |
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064063 (1 to 8) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices. |
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1226 |
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Polyakova, M. I.; Florya, I. N.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Extracting hot-spot correlation length from SNSPD tomography data |
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Conference Article |
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2019 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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Volume |
1410 |
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012166 (1 to 4) |
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SSPD, SNSPD, quantum detector tomography, QDT |
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We present data of quantum detector tomography for the samples specifically optimized for this problem. Using this method, we take results of hot-spot correlation length of 17 ± 2 nm. |
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Saveskul, N. A.; Titova, N. A.; Baeva, E. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Saha, S.; Reddy, H.; Bogdanov, S. I.; Marinero, E. E.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A.; Khrapai, V. S.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Superconductivity behavior in epitaxial TiN films points at surface magnetic disorder |
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Miscellaneous |
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2019 |
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arXiv |
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arXiv |
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1-10 |
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We analyze the evolution of the normal and superconducting electronic properties in epitaxial TiN films, characterized by high Ioffe-Regel parameter values, as a function of the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, we observe an increase of in the residual resistivity, which becomes dominated by diffusive surface scattering for d≤20nm. At the same time, a substantial thickness-dependent reduction of the superconducting critical temperature is observed compared to the bulk TiN value. In such a high quality material films, this effect can be explained by a weak magnetic disorder residing in the surface layer with a characteristic magnetic defect density of ∼1012cm−2. Our results suggest that surface magnetic disorder is generally present in oxidized TiN films. |
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Tovpeko, N. A.; Trifonov, A. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Antipov, S. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Titova, N. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Bandwidth performance of a THz normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer |
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Conference Article |
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2019 |
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Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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102-103 |
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TiN normal metal bolometer, NMB |
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We report on the bandwidth performance of the normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer on top of an Al 2 O 3 substrate, which is capable to operate in a wide range of bath temperatures from 77 K – 300 K. The choice of the combination TiN / Al 2 O 3 is related to an advanced heat transport between the film and the substrate in this pair and the sufficient temperature coefficient of resistance. The data were taken at 132.5 – 145.5 GHz with two BWOs as a signal and an LO source. Measurements were taken on TiN films of different thickness starting from 20 nm down to 5 nm coupled into a spiral Au antenna, which improves matching of incoming radiation with the thin TiN fim. Our experiments demonstrate effective heat coupling from a TiN thin film to an Al 2 O 3 substrate (111) boosting gain bandwidth (GB) of TiN bolometer up to 6 GHz for 5 nm thin film. Current results indicate weak temperature dependence of GB on the bath temperature of the TiN bolometer. Theoretical estimations of GB performance meet with experimental data for 5 nm thin TiN films. |
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