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Khosropanah, P.; Merkel, H.; Yngvesson, S.; Adam, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Kollberg, E. |
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A distributed device model for phonon-cooled HEB mixers predicting IV characteristics, gain, noise and IF bandwidth |
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Conference Article |
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2000 |
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Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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474-488 |
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HEB mixer numerical model, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model |
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Abstract |
A distributed model for phonon-cooled superconductor hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is given, which is based on solving the one-dimensional heat balance equation for the electron temperature profile along the superconductor strip. In this model it is assumed that the LO power is absorbed uniformly along the bridge but the DC power absorption depends on the local resistivity and is thus not uniform. The electron temperature dependence of the resistivity is assumed to be continuous and has a Fermi form. These assumptions are used in setting up the non-linear heat balance equation, which is solved numerically for the electron temperature profile along the bolometer strip. Based on this profile the resistance of the device and the IV curves are calculated. The IV curves are in excellent agreement with measurement results. Using a small signal model the conversion gain of the mixer is obtained. The expressions for Johnson noise and thermal fluctuation noise are derived. The calculated results are in close agreement with measurements, provided that one of the parameters used is adjusted. |
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University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA |
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893 |
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Author |
Kooi, Jacob Willem |
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Title |
Advanced receivers for submillimeter and far infrared astronomy |
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2008 |
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University of Groningen |
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RUG |
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HEB, SIS, TES, NEP, noise temperature, IF bandwidth, waveguide, impedance, conversion gain, FTS, integrated array, stability, Allan variance, multi-layer antireflection coating |
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Doctoral thesis |
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978-90-367-3653-4 |
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881 |
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Elant'ev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S. |
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Title |
Effect of high-frequency current on Nb superconductive film in resistive state |
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Journal Article |
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1989 |
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Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. |
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15 |
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7 |
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379-383 |
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Nb HEB |
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882 |
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Гершензон, Е. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Елантьев, А. И.; Карасик, Б. С.; Потоскуев, С. Э. |
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Разогрев электронов в резистивном состоянии сверхпроводника электромагнитным излучением значительной интенсивности |
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1988 |
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Физика низких температур |
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Физика низких температур |
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14 |
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7 |
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753-763 |
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HEB |
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Duplicated as 1697 |
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883 |
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Kaganov, M. L.; Lifshitz, I. M.; Tanatarov, L. V. |
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Relaxation between electrons and the crystalline lattice |
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1957 |
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Sov. Phys. JETP |
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Sov. Phys. JETP |
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4 |
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2 |
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173-178 |
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HEB, nonlinear equations, numerical model |
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894 |
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Ynvesson, K. Sigfrid; Kollberg, Erik L. |
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Optimum receiver noise temperature for NbN HEB mixers according to standard model |
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Conference Article |
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1999 |
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Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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566-582 |
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HEB mixer model, standard model, electro-thermal feedback, self-heating parameter, heating efficiency |
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895 |
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Vercruyssen, N.; Verhagen, T. G. A.; Flokstra, M. G.; Pekola, J. P.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Evanescent states and nonequilibrium in driven superconducting nanowires |
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2012 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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85 |
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224503(1-10) |
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Al HEB, Al superconducting nanowire, global state, bimodal state, quasiclassical kinetic equations, Usadel equation |
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We study the nonlinear response of current transport in a superconducting diffusive nanowire between normal reservoirs. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the existence of two different superconducting states appearing when the wire is driven out of equilibrium by an applied bias, called the global and bimodal superconducting states. The different states are identified by using two-probe measurements of the wire, and measurements of the local density of states with tunneling probes. The analysis is performed within the framework of the quasiclassical kinetic equations for diffusive superconductors. |
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898 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Nebosis, R. S.; Gousev, Yu. P.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F. |
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Analysis of the nonequilibrium photoresponse of superconducting films to pulsed radiation by use of a two-temperature model |
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1995 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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52 |
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1 |
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581-590 |
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HEB, NbN phonon scecific heat, Cp |
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Photoresponse of a superconducting film in the resistive state to pulsed radiation has been studied in the framework of a model assuming that two different effective temperatures can be assigned to the quasiparticle and phonon nonequilibrium distributions. The coupled electron-phonon-substrate system is described by a system of time-dependent energy-balance differential equations for effective temperatures. An analytical solution of the system is given and calculated voltage transients are compared with experimental photoresponse signals taking into account the radiation pulse shape and the time resolution of the readout electronics. It is supposed that a resistive state (vortices, fluxons, network of intergrain junctions, hot spots, phase slip centers) provides an ultrafast connection between electron temperature changes and changes of the film resistance and thus plays a minor role in the temporal evolution of the response. In accordance with experimental observations a two-component response was revealed from simulations. The slower component corresponds to a bolometric mechanism while the fast component is connected with the relaxation of the electron temperature. Calculated photoresponse transients are presented for different ratios of the electron and phonon specific heat, radiation pulse durations and fluences, and frequency band passes of registration electronics. From the amplitude of the bolometric component we determine the radiation energy absorbed in a film. This enables us to reveal an intrinsic electron-phonon scattering time even if it is much shorter than the time resolution of readout electronics. We analyze experimental voltage transients for NbN, YBa2Cu3O7, and TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9 superconducting films and find the electron-phonon interaction times at the transition temperatures of 17, 2.5, and 1.8 ps, respectively. The values are in reasonable agreement with data of other experiments. |
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903 |
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Gao, J. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. |
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Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer |
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2005 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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86 |
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244104 (1 to 3) |
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HEB, QCL |
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We report the first demonstration of an all solid-stateheterodyne receiver that can be used for high-resolution spectroscopy above 2THz suitable for space-based observatories. The receiver uses a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as mixer and a quantum cascade laser operating at 2.8THz as local oscillator. We measure a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1400K at 2.8THz and 4.2K, and find that the free-running QCL has sufficient power stability for a practical receiver, demonstrating an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and stability. |
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905 |
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Lobanov, Yury; Shcherbatenko, Michael; Shurakov, Alexander; Rodin, Alexander V.; Klimchuk, Artem; Nadezhdinsky, Alexander I.; Maslennikov, Sergey; Larionov, Pavel; Finkel, Matvey; Semenov, Alexander; Verevkin, Aleksandr A.; Voronov, Boris M.; Ponurovsky, Yakov; Klapwijk, Teunis M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. |
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Heterodyne detection at near-infrared wavelengths with a superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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2014 |
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Opt. Lett. |
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39 |
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6 |
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1429-1432 |
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HEB, zebra, IR, infrared |
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We report on the development of a highly sensitive optical receiver for heterodyne IR spectroscopy at the communication wavelength of 1.5 μm (200 THz) by use of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer. The results are important for the resolution of narrow spectral molecular lines in the near-IR range for the study of astronomical objects, as well as for quantum optical tomography and fiber-optic sensing. Receiver configuration as well as fiber-to-detector light coupling designs are discussed. Light absorption of the superconducting detectors was enhanced by nano-optical antennas, which were coupled to optical fibers. An intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of about 3 GHz was found in agreement with measurements at 300 GHz, and a noise figure of about 25 dB was obtained that was only 10 dB above the quantum limit. |
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