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Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Siegel, M.; Hübers, H.-W. |
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Title |
Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
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21 |
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3 |
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171-178 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance. |
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1286-0042 |
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534 |
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Semenov, Alexei; Il'yin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Smirnov, Andrey; Pavlov, Sergey; Richter, Heiko; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm |
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Title |
Intermediate frequency bandwidth of a hot-electron mixer: Comparision with bolometric models |
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Conference Article |
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2006 |
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Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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73-76 |
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HEB |
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Paris, France |
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537 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; de Korte, P.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
NbN hot electron bolometer mixers: sensitivity, LO power, direct detection and stability |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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15 |
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2 |
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484-489 |
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HEB mixers, direct detection effect, stability, Allan variance |
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We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. Both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, using a 0.4/spl times/4 /spl mu/m HEB mixer with a spiral antenna. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. To comply with current demands on THz mixers for use in space based receivers we reduce the device size to 0.15/spl times/1 /spl mu/m and use a twin slot antenna. We report measurements of the noise temperature, LO power requirement, stability and the direct detection effect, using a mixer with a 1.6 THz twin slot antenna and a 1.462 THz solid state LO source with calibrated output power. |
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1051-8223 |
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546 |
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Goltsman, Gregory N.; Vachtomin, Yuriy B.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Maslennikov, Sergey N.; Polyakov, Stanislav L.; Svechnikov, Sergey I.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Grishina, Elisaveta V.; Voronov, Boris M. |
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Title |
Low-noise NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz heterodyne receivers |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 9-th WMSCI |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 9-th WMSCI |
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9 |
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154-159 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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International Institute of Informatics and Systemics |
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547 |
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Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Currie, M. |
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Title |
Real-time GHz-rate counting of infrared photons using nanostructured NbN superconducting detectors |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
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CLEO/QELS |
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CLEO/QELS |
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CThM8 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Detectors; Photon counting; Quantum communications; Quantum cryptography; Single photon detectors; Superconductors |
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We demonstrate that our ultrathin, nanometer-width NbN superconducting single-photon detectors are capable of above 1-GHz-frequency, real-time counting of near-infrared photons. The measured system jitter of the detector is below 15 ps. |
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Optical Society of America |
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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference |
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1517 |
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