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| Author | Korneeva, Y. P.; Manova, N. N.; Dryazgov, M. A.; Simonov, N. O.; Zolotov, P. I.; Korneev, A. A. | ||||
| Title | Influence of sheet resistance and strip width on the detection efficiency saturation in micron-wide superconducting strips and large-area meanders | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 084001 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SMSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We report our study of detection efficiency (DE) saturation in wavelength range 400 – 1550 nm for the NbN Superconducting Microstrip Single-Photon Detectors (SMSPD) featuring the strip width up to 3 μm. We observe an expected decrease of the $DE$ saturation plateau with the increase of photon wavelength and decrease of film sheet resistance. At 1.7 K temperature DE saturation can be clearly observed at 1550 nm wavelength in strip with the width up to 2 μm when sheet resistance of the film is above 630Ω/sq. In such strips the length of the saturation plateau almost does not depend on the strip width. We used these films to make meander-shaped detectors with the light sensitive area from 20×20μm2 to a circle 50 μm in diameter. In the latter case, the detector with the strip width of 0.49 μm demonstrates saturation of DE up to 1064 nm wavelength. Although DE at 1310 and 1550 nm is not saturated, it is as high as 60%. The response time is limited by the kinetic inductance and equals to 20 ns(by 1/e decay), timing jitter is 44 ps. When coupled to multi-mode fibre large-area meanders demonstrate significantly higher dark count rate which we attribute to thermal background photons, thus advanced filtering technique would be required for practical applications. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1793 | |||
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| Author | Samsonova, Alena; Zolotov, Philipp; Baeva, Elmira; Lomakin, Andrey; Titova, Nadezhda; Kardakova, Anna; Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
| Title | Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in thin niobium films | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-1 | ||
| Keywords | Temperature measurement, Temperature dependence, Superconducting magnets, Superconducting transition temperature, Substrates, Resistance, Scattering | ||||
| Abstract | We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder (kFl 150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm-2, which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1162 | |||
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| Author | Baeva, E. M.; Titova, N. A.; Veyrat, L.; Sacépé, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Khrapai, V. S. | ||||
| Title | Thermal relaxation in metal films bottlenecked by diffuson lattice excitations of amorphous substrates | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | arXiv | Abbreviated Journal | arXiv |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | metal films, NbN, InOx, Au/Ni, thermal relaxation | ||||
| Abstract | Here we examine the role of the amorphous insulating substrate in the thermal relaxation in thin NbN, InOx, and Au/Ni films at temperatures above 5 K. The studied samples are made up of metal bridges on an amorphous insulating layer lying on or suspended above a crystalline substrate. Noise thermometry was used to measure the electron temperature Te of the films as a function of Joule power per unit of area P2D. In all samples, we observe the dependence P2D∝Tne with the exponent n≃2, which is inconsistent with both electron-phonon coupling and Kapitza thermal resistance. In suspended samples, the functional dependence of P2D(Te) on the length of the amorphous insulating layer is consistent with the linear T-dependence of the thermal conductivity, which is related to lattice excitations (diffusons) for the phonon mean free path smaller than the dominant phonon wavelength. Our findings are important for understanding the operation of devices embedded in amorphous dielectrics. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1163 | |||
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| Author | Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
| Title | Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1-5 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1222 | |||
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| Author | Zolotov, P.; Semenov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | A comparison of VN and NbN thin films towards optimal SNSPD efficiency | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1-4 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, WSi | ||||
| Abstract | Based on early phenomenological ideas about the operation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD or SNSPD), it was expected that materials with a lower superconducting gap should perform better in the IR range. The plausibility of this concept could be checked using two popular SSPD materials – NbN and WSi films. However, these materials differ strongly in crystallographic structure (polycrystalline B1 versus amorphous), which makes their dependence on disorder different. In our work we present a study of the single-photon response of SSPDs made from two disordered B1 structure superconductors – vanadium nitride and niobium nitride thin films. We compare the intrinsic efficiency of devices made from films with different sheet resistance values. While both materials have a polycrystalline structure and comparable diffusion coefficient values, VN films show metallic behavior over a wide range of sheet resistance, in contrast to NbN films with an insulator-like temperature dependence of resistivity, which may be partially due to enhanced Coulomb interaction, leading to different starting points for the normal electron density of states. The results show that even though VN devices are more promising in terms of theoretical predictions, their optimal performance was not reached due to lower values of sheet resistance. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1223 | |||
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| Author | Baksheeva, K.; Ozhegov, R.; Goltsman, G.; Kinev, N.; Koshelets, V.; Kochnev, A.; Betzalel, N.; Puzenko, A.; Ben Ishai, P.; Feldman, Y. | ||||
| Title | The sub THz emission of the human body under physiological stress | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | skin sub-THz emission, medicine | ||||
| Abstract | We present evidence that in the sub-THz frequency band, human skin can be considered as an electromagnetic bio-metamaterial, in that its natural emission is a product of skin tissue geometry and embedded structures. Radiometry was performed on 32 human subjects from 480 to 700 GHz. Concurrently, the subjects were exposed to stress, while heart pulse rate (PS) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were also measured. The results are substantially different from the expected black body radiation signal of the skin surface. PS and GSR correlate to the emissivity. Using a simulation model for the skin, we find that the sweat duct is a critical element. The simulated frequency spectra qualitatively match the measured emission spectra and show that our sub-THz emission is modulated by our level of mental stress. This opens avenues for the remote monitoring of the human state. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | 9380570 | Serial | 1259 | ||
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| Author | Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Rosental, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Volkov, O. Y.; Dyuzhikov, I. N.; Galiev, R. R.; Ponomarev, D. S.; Khabibullin, R. A. | ||||
| Title | Time-resolved measurements of light–current characteristic and mode competition in pulsed THz quantum cascade laser | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Optical Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | Optical Engineering |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1-8 |
| Keywords | HEB, terahertz pulse generation, terahertz pulse detection, QCL, quantum cascade laser, superconducting hot electron bolometer | ||||
| Abstract | Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are widely adopted as prominent and easy-to-use solid-state sources of terahertz radiation. Yet some applications require generation and detection of very sharp and narrow terahertz-range pulses with a specific spectral composition. We have studied time-resolved light-current (L–I) characteristics of multimode THz QCL operated with a fast ramp of the injection current. Detection of THz pulses was carried out using an NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer with the time constant of the order of 1 ns while the laser bias current was swept during a single driving pulse. A nonmonotonic behavior of the L–I characteristic with several visually separated subpeaks was found. This behavior is associated with the mode competition in THz QCL cavity, which we confirm by L–I measurements with use of an external Fabry–Perot interferometer for a discrete mode selection. We also have demonstrated the possibility to control the L–I shape with suppression of one of the subpeaks by simply adjusting the off-axis parabolic mirror for optimal optical alignment for one of the laser modes. The developed technique paves the way for rapid characterization of pulsed THz QCLs for further studies of the possibilities of using this approach in remote sensing. | ||||
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| Publisher | Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | 10.1117/1.Oe.60.8.082019 | Serial | 1260 | ||
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| Author | Samsonova, A. S.; Zolotov, P. I.; Baeva, E. M.; Lomakin, A. I.; Titova, N. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in niobium films | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1-5 |
| Keywords | Nb films | ||||
| Abstract | We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder ( kFl≈150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm −2 , which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1792 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Baeva, E. M.; Titova, N. A.; Veyrat, L.; Sacépé, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Khrapai, V. S. | ||||
| Title | Thermal relaxation in metal films limited by diffuson lattice excitations of amorphous substrates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Applied | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Applied |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 054014 |
| Keywords | InOx, Au/Ni, NbN films | ||||
| Abstract | We examine the role of a silicon-based amorphous insulating substrate in the thermal relaxation in thin NbN, InOx, and Au/Ni films at temperatures above 5 K. The samples studied consist of metal bridges on an amorphous insulating layer lying on or suspended above a crystalline substrate. Noise thermometry is used to measure the electron temperature Te of the films as a function of Joule power per unit area P2D. In all samples, we observe a P2D∝Tne dependence, with exponent n≃2, which is inconsistent with both electron-phonon coupling and Kapitza thermal resistance. In suspended samples, the functional dependence of P2D(Te) on the length of the amorphous insulating layer is consistent with the linear temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, which is related to lattice excitations (diffusons) for a phonon mean free path shorter than the dominant phonon wavelength. Our findings are important for understanding the operation of devices embedded in amorphous dielectrics. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2331-7019 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1769 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Shcherbatenko, M.; Elezov, M.; Manova, N.; Sedykh, K.; Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Dryazgov, M.; Simonov, N.; Feimov, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sych, D. | ||||
| Title | Single-pixel camera with a large-area microstrip superconducting single photon detector on a multimode fiber | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 118 | Issue | 18 | Pages | 181103 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | High sensitivity imaging at the level of single photons is an invaluable tool in many areas, ranging from microscopy to astronomy. However, development of single-photon sensitive detectors with high spatial resolution is very non-trivial. Here we employ the single-pixel imaging approach and demonstrate a proof-of-principle single-pixel single-photon imaging setup. We overcome the problem of low light gathering efficiency by developing a large-area microstrip superconducting single photon detector coupled to a multi-mode optical fiber interface. We show that the setup operates well in the visible and near infrared spectrum, and is able to capture images at the single-photon level. We thank Philipp Zolotov and Pavel Morozov for NbN film fabrication, ARC coating, and fiber coupling of the detector. We also thank Swabian Instruments GmbH and Dr. Helmut Fedder personally for the kindly provided experimental equipment (Time Tagger Ultra 8). The work in the part of SNSPD research and development was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Project No. 18-29-20100. The work in the part of the optical setup and imaging was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research Project No. 20-32-51004. |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1770 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A. A. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting NbN microstrip single-photon detectors | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
| Volume | 11771 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) invented two decades ago have evolved to a mature technology and have become devices of choice in the advanced applications of quantum optics, such as quantum cryptography and optical quantum computing. In these applications SSPDs are coupled to single-mode fibers and feature almost unity detection efficiency, negligible dark counts, picosecond timing jitter and MHz photon count rate. Meanwhile, there are great many applications requiring coupling to multi-mode fibers or free space. ‘Classical’ SSPDs with 100-nm-wide superconducting strip and covering area of about 100 µm2 are not suitable for further scaling due to degradation of performance and low fabrication yield. Recently we have demonstrated single-photon counting in micron-wide superconducting bridges and strips. Here we present our approach to the realization of practical photon-counting detectors of large enough area to be efficiently coupled to multi-mode fibers or free space. The detector is either a meander or a spiral of 1-µm-wide strip covering an area of 50x50 µm2. Being operated at 1.7K temperature it demonstrates the saturated detection efficiency (i.e. limited by the absorption in the detector) up to 1550 nm wavelength, about 10 ns dead time and timing jitter in range 50-100 ps. | ||||
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| Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Optics and Photon Counting; SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2021, Online Only | ||
| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1784 | |||
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| Author | Neroev, V. V.; Iomdina, E. N.; Khandzhyan, A. T.; Khodzhabekyan, N. V.; Sengaeva, M. D.; Ivanova, A. V.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Teplyakova, K. O.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Experimental study of the effect of corneal hydration and its biomechanical properties on the results of photorefractive keratectomy | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Vestn. Oftalmol. | Abbreviated Journal | Vestn. Oftalmol. |
| Volume | 137 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 68-75 |
| Keywords | THz scanning, cornea, photorefractive keratectomy, medicine | ||||
| Abstract | Water content in the cornea may affect the outcome of its excimer laser ablation, especially in presbyopic patients with myopic refraction. This hypothesis can be tested by scanning the cornea in the terahertz (THz) range to determine its hydration level. Purpose: To study the effect of hydration of the cornea determined by non-contact THz scanning and its biomechanical parameters on the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in an experiment. Material and methods: PRK was performed using the Nidek EC-5000 QUEST excimer laser on 8 rabbit eyes. Corneal hydration was evaluated by determining the reflection coefficient (RC) in the THz electromagnetic radiation range before PRK, after 3-5 days, and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Clinical examination included autorefractometry, assessment of corneal thickness and other anatomical and optical parameters of the anterior eye segment (Galilei G6, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG 6.0.2, Switzerland), measurement of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert, USA), as well as tear production (Schirmer test). Results: The initial water content in the cornea has a significant effect on the thickness of the removed layer, i.e. on the PRK effect, with correlation coefficient of Rs= -0.976 (p<0.01). The correlation between CH and the ablation depth is less pronounced (Rs=0.643), and CRF had no correlation with it (Rs= -0.089). Biomechanical indicators of the cornea depend on its hydration: changes in CH and CRF after excimer laser ablation qualitatively coincide with changes in RC, the correlation coefficient between RC and the initial value of CH is R= -0.619 (moderate negative correlation). Conclusion: THz scanning is an effective non-contact technology for monitoring corneal hydration level. The mismatch of the hypoeffect of keratorefractive excimer laser intervention planned for patients with presbyopia with the actual outcome can be caused by individual decrease in the initial water content in the cornea. |
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1794 | |||
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| Author | Moshkova, M. A.; Morozov, P. V.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V. | ||||
| Title | High-efficiency multi-element superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 11771 | Issue | Pages | 2-8 | |
| Keywords | PNR SSPD, large active area, detection efficiency | ||||
| Abstract | We present the result of the creation and investigation of the multi-element superconducting single photon detectors, which can recognize the number of photons (up to six) in a short pulse of the radiation at telecommunication wavelengths range. The best receivers coupled with single-mode fiber have the system quantum efficiency of ⁓85%. The receivers have a 100 ps time resolution and a few nanoseconds dead time that allows them to operate at megahertz counting rate. Implementation of the multi-element architecture for creation of the superconducting single photon detectors with increased sensitive area allows to create the high efficiency receivers coupled with multi-mode fibers and with preserving of the all advantages of superconducting photon counters. | ||||
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| Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Optics and Photon Counting | ||
| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1795 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Smirnov, K.; Moshkova, M.; Antipov, A.; Morozov, P.; Vakhtomin, Y. | ||||
| Title | The cascade switching of the photon number resolving superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1-4 |
| Keywords | PNR SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | In this article, present the first detailed study of cascade switching in superconducting photon number resolving detectors. The detectors were made in the form of four parallel nanowires, coupled with the single-mode optical fiber and mounted into a closed-cycle refrigerator with a temperature of 2.1 K. We found out the value of additional false pulses (N cas.sw. ) appearing due to cascade switching and showed that it is possible to set up the detector bias current that corresponds to a high level of the detection efficiency and a low level of N cas.sw. simultaneously. We reached the detection efficiency of 60% and N cas.sw. = 0.3%. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1796 | |||
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| Author | Emelianov, A. V.; Nekrasov, N. P.; Moskotin, M. V.; Fedorov, G. E.; Otero, N.; Romero, P. M.; Nevolin, V. K.; Afinogenov, B. I.; Nasibulin, A. G.; Bobrinetskiy, I. I. | ||||
| Title | Individual SWCNT transistor with photosensitive planar junction induced by two‐photon oxidation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Adv. Electron. Mater. | Abbreviated Journal | Adv. Electron. Mater. |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2000872 |
| Keywords | SWCNT transistors | ||||
| Abstract | The fabrication of planar junctions in carbon nanomaterials is a promising way to increase the optical sensitivity of optoelectronic nanometer-scale devices in photonic connections, sensors, and photovoltaics. Utilizing a unique lithography approach based on direct femtosecond laser processing, a fast and easy technique for modification of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) optoelectronic properties through localized two-photon oxidation is developed. It results in a novel approach of quasimetallic to semiconducting nanotube conversion so that metal/semiconductor planar junction is formed via local laser patterning. The fabricated planar junction in the field-effect transistors based on individual SWCNT drastically increases the photoresponse of such devices. The broadband photoresponsivity of the two-photon oxidized structures reaches the value of 2 × 107 A W−1 per single SWCNT at 1 V bias voltage. The SWCNT-based transistors with induced metal/semiconductor planar junction can be applied to detect extremely small light intensities with high spatial resolution in photovoltaics, integrated circuits, and telecommunication applications. | ||||
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| ISSN | 2199-160X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1843 | |||
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