| Records |
| Author |
Steudle, Gesine A.; Schietinger, Stefan; Höckel, David; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zadeh, Iman E.; Zwiller, Valery; Benson, Oliver |
| Title |
Measuring the quantum nature of light with a single source and a single detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. A |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
86 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
053814 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, saturation count rates, dead time, dynamic range |
| Abstract |
An elementary experiment in optics consists of a light source and a detector. Yet, if the source generates nonclassical correlations such an experiment is capable of unambiguously demonstrating the quantum nature of light. We realized such an experiment with a defect center in diamond and a superconducting detector. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury Brown and Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, creating the false impression that the beam splitter is a fundamentally required element. As an additional benefit, our results provide a simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques. |
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| Publisher |
American Physical Society |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1089 |
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| Author |
Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B. M.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Superconducting nanowire single photon detector for coherent detection of weak signals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1-5 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD mixer, SNSPD, nanophotonic waveguide |
| Abstract |
Traditional photon detectors are operated in the direct detection mode, counting incident photons with a known quantum efficiency. Here, we have investigated a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) operated as a photon counting mixer at telecommunication wavelength around 1.5 μm. This regime of operation combines excellent sensitivity of a photon counting detector with excellent spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique. Advantageously, we have found that low local oscillator (LO) power of the order of hundreds of femtowatts to a few picowatts is sufficient for clear observation of the incident test signal with the sensitivity approaching the quantum limit. With further optimization, the required LO power could be significantly reduced, which is promising for many practical applications, such as the development of receiver matrices or recording ultralow signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second. In addition to a traditional NbN-based SNSPD operated with normal incidence coupling, we also use detectors with a travelling wave geometry, where a NbN nanowire is placed on the top of a Si 3 N 4 nanophotonic waveguide. This approach is fully scalable and a large number of devices could be integrated on a single chip. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1051-8223 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1206 |
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| Author |
Lobanov, Y. V.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
| Title |
Heterodyne spectroscopy with superconducting single-photon detector |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
| Volume |
132 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
01005 |
| Keywords |
SSPD mixer, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We demonstrate successful operation of a Superconducting Single Photon Detector (SSPD) as the core element in a heterodyne receiver. Irradiating the SSPD by both a local oscillator power and signal power simultaneously, we observed beat signal at the intermediate frequency of a few MHz. Gain bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector single pulse width, where the latter depends on the detector kinetic inductance, determined by the superconducting nanowire length. |
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Series Title |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2100-014X |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1205 |
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| Author |
Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
| Title |
Coherent detection of weak signals with superconducting nanowire single photon detector at the telecommunication wavelength |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
10229 |
Issue |
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Pages |
0G (1 to 12) |
| Keywords |
SSPD mixer, SNSPD, coherent detection, weak signal detection, superconducting nanostructures |
| Abstract |
Achievement of the ultimate sensitivity along with a high spectral resolution is one of the frequently addressed problems, as the complication of the applied and fundamental scientific tasks being explored is growing up gradually. In our work, we have investigated performance of a superconducting nanowire photon-counting detector operating in the coherent mode for detection of weak signals at the telecommunication wavelength. Quantum-noise limited sensitivity of the detector was ensured by the nature of the photon-counting detection and restricted by the quantum efficiency of the detector only. Spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique and was defined by the linewidth and stability of the Local Oscillator (LO). Response bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector’s pulse width, which, in turn, could be controlled by the nanowire length. In addition, the system noise bandwidth was shown to be governed by the electronics/lab equipment, and the detector noise bandwidth is predicted to depend on its jitter. As have been demonstrated, a very small amount of the LO power (of the order of a few picowatts down to hundreds of femtowatts) was required for sufficient detection of the test signal, and eventual optimization could lead to further reduction of the LO power required, which would perfectly suit for the foreseen development of receiver matrices and the need for detection of ultra-low signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second. |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Spie |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Prochazka, I.; Sobolewski, R.; James, R.B. |
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Summary Language |
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Conference |
Photon counting applications |
| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
10.1117/12.2267724 |
Serial |
1201 |
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| Author |
Vorobyov, V. V.; Kazakov, A. Y.; Soshenko, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Shalaginov, M. Y.; Bolshedvorskii, S. V.; Sorokin, V. N.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Akimov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Superconducting detector for visible and near-infrared quantum emitters [Invited] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Opt. Mater. Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Mater. Express |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
513-526 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
Further development of quantum emitter based communication and sensing applications intrinsically depends on the availability of robust single-photon detectors. Here, we demonstrate a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors specifically optimized for the 500–1100 nm wavelength range, which overlaps with the emission spectrum of many interesting solid-state atom-like systems, such as nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. The fabricated detectors have a wide dynamic range (up to 350 million counts per second), low dark count rate (down to 0.1 counts per second), excellent jitter (62 ps), and the possibility of on-chip integration with a quantum emitter. In addition to performance characterization, we tested the detectors in real experimental conditions involving nanodiamond nitrogen-vacancy emitters enhanced by a hyperbolic metamaterial. |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2159-3930 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1234 |
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| Author |
Seleznev, V. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vasil'ev, D. D.; Moiseev, K. M.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Smirnov, K. V. |
| Title |
Superconducting detector of IR single-photons based on thin WSi films |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume |
737 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012032 |
| Keywords |
WSi SSPD, SNSPD, NEP |
| Abstract |
We have developed the deposition technology of WSi thin films 4 to 9 nm thick with high temperature values of superconducting transition (Tc~4 K). Based on deposed films there were produced nanostructures with indicative planar sizes ~100 nm, and the research revealed that even on nanoscale the films possess of high critical temperature values of the superconducting transition (Tc~3.3-3.7 K) which certifies high quality and homogeneity of the films created. The first experiments on creating superconducting single-photon detectors showed that the detectors' SDE (system detection efficiency) with increasing bias current (I b) reaches a constant value of ~30% (for X=1.55 micron) defined by infrared radiation absorption by the superconducting structure. To enhance radiation absorption by the superconductor there were created detectors with cavity structures which demonstrated a practically constant value of quantum efficiency >65% for bias currents Ib>0.6-Ic. The minimal dark counts level (DC) made 1 s-1 limited with background noise. Hence WSi is the most promising material for creating single-photon detectors with record SDE/DC ratio and noise equivalent power (NEP). |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1742-6588 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1235 |
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| Author |
Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R. |
| Title |
New generation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
EPJ Web of Conferences |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web of Conferences |
| Volume |
103 |
Issue |
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Pages |
01006 (1 to 2) |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We present an overview of recent results for new generation of infrared and optical superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) that has already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many applications. SNSPDs provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, SNSPDs are also compatible with an integrated optical platform as a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. By embedding SNSPDs in nanophotonic circuits we realize waveguide integrated single photon detectors which unite all desirable detector properties in a single device. |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2100-014X |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1349 |
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| Author |
Korneev, Alexander; Golt'sman, Gregory; Pernice, Wolfram |
| Title |
Photonic integration meets single-photon detection |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Laser Focus World |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laser Focus World |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
47-50 |
| Keywords |
optical waveguide SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
By embedding superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) in nanophotonic circuits, these waveguide-integrated detectors are a key building block for future on-chip quantum computing applications. |
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no |
| Call Number |
RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
Serial |
1126 |
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| Author |
Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Sidorova, M. V.; Golikov, A. D.; Gaiduchenko, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.; Korneev, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Samartsev, V. V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Karimullin, K. R. |
| Title |
Energy relaxtation and hot spot formation in superconducting single photon detectors SSPDs |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
EPJ Web of Conferences |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web of Conferences |
| Volume |
103 |
Issue |
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Pages |
10004 (1 to 2) |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We have studied the mechanism of energy relaxation and resistive state formation after absorption of a single photon for different wavelengths and materials of single photon detectors. Our results are in good agreement with the hot spot model. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2100-014X |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1351 |
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| Author |
Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Vodolazov, D.; Hübers, H.-W. |
| Title |
Effect of the wire width on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
116 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
043906 (1 to 9) |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, TaN |
| Abstract |
A thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths has been performed. The experiment shows that the cut-off of the intrinsic detection efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely controlled by the local suppression of the barrier for vortex nucleation around the absorption site. Beyond the cut-off quasi-particle diffusion in combination with spontaneous, thermally activated vortex crossing explains the detection process. For both materials, the reciprocal cut-off wavelength scales linearly with the wire width where the scaling factor agrees with the hot-spot detection model. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-8979 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1357 |
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| Author |
Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. |
| Title |
Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume |
917 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
062032 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide |
| Abstract |
With use of the travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices based on silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguide with a superconducting NbN-nanowire suited on top of the waveguide were fabricated. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector with up to 92 % on-chip detection efficiency in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 106 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
Serial |
1140 |
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| Author |
Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Goltsman, G. |
| Title |
Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors for Integrated Nanophotonics Circuits |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
16th ISEC |
Abbreviated Journal |
16th ISEC |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-3 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We present an overview of our recent achievements in integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SNSPD with dielectric optical waveguides. We are able to produce complex nanophotonics integrated circuits containing optical elements and photon detector on single chip thus producing a compact integrated platform for quantum optics applications. |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
8314200 |
Serial |
1200 |
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| Author |
Семенов, Александр Владимирович |
| Title |
Проскальзывание фазы, поглощение электромагнитного излучения и формирование отклика в детекторах на основе узких полосок сверхпроводников |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
М. МПГУ |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, response |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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| Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1150 |
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| Author |
Elezov, M. S.; Semenov, A. V.; An, P. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Kazakov, A. Y. |
| Title |
Investigating the detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
J. Opt. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Opt. Technol. |
| Volume |
80 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
435 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, quantum efficiency |
| Abstract |
The detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector have been investigated. A technique is proposed for determining the regions in which “pure regimes” predominate. Based on experimental data, the dependences of the internal quantum efficiency on the bias current are determined in the one-, two-, and three-photon detection regimes. |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1070-9762 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1172 |
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| Author |
Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lee, C.; Rockstuhl, C.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
| Title |
Analysis of the detection response of waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors at high count rate |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
115 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
101104 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide |
| Abstract |
Nanophotonic circuitry and superconducting nanowires have been successfully combined for detecting single photons, propagating in an integrated photonic circuit, with high efficiency and low noise and timing uncertainty. Waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) can nowadays be engineered to achieve subnanosecond recovery times and can potentially be adopted for applications requiring Gcps count rates. However, particular attention shall be paid to such an extreme count rate regime since artifacts in the detector functionality emerge. In particular, a count-rate dependent detection efficiency has been encountered that can compromise the accuracy of quantum detector tomography experiments. Here, we investigate the response of waveguide-integrated SNSPDs at high photon flux and identify the presence of parasitic currents due to the accumulation of charge in the readout electronics to cause the above-mentioned artifact in the detection efficiency. Our approach allows us to determine the maximum photon count rate at which the detector can be operated without adverse effects. Our findings are particularly important to avoid artifacts when applying SNSPDs for quantum tomography.
We acknowledge support through ERC Consolidator Grant No. 724707 and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Project No. PE 1832/5-1,2, as well as funding by the Volkswagen Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 675745. V.K. and G.G. acknowledge support from the Russian Science Foundation Project No. 16-12-00045 (NbN film deposition and testing). A.V. acknowledges support from the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). |
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0003-6951 |
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1185 |
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