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Baksheeva, K.; Ozhegov, R.; Goltsman, G.; Kinev, N.; Koshelets, V.; Kochnev, A.; Betzalel, N.; Puzenko, A.; Ben Ishai, P.; Feldman, Y. |
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The sub THz emission of the human body under physiological stress |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
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IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
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skin sub-THz emission, medicine |
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We present evidence that in the sub-THz frequency band, human skin can be considered as an electromagnetic bio-metamaterial, in that its natural emission is a product of skin tissue geometry and embedded structures. Radiometry was performed on 32 human subjects from 480 to 700 GHz. Concurrently, the subjects were exposed to stress, while heart pulse rate (PS) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were also measured. The results are substantially different from the expected black body radiation signal of the skin surface. PS and GSR correlate to the emissivity. Using a simulation model for the skin, we find that the sweat duct is a critical element. The simulated frequency spectra qualitatively match the measured emission spectra and show that our sub-THz emission is modulated by our level of mental stress. This opens avenues for the remote monitoring of the human state. |
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9380570 |
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1259 |
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Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Rosental, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Volkov, O. Y.; Dyuzhikov, I. N.; Galiev, R. R.; Ponomarev, D. S.; Khabibullin, R. A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Time-resolved measurements of light–current characteristic and mode competition in pulsed THz quantum cascade laser |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Optical Engineering |
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Optical Engineering |
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60 |
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8 |
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1-8 |
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HEB, terahertz pulse generation, terahertz pulse detection, QCL, quantum cascade laser, superconducting hot electron bolometer |
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Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are widely adopted as prominent and easy-to-use solid-state sources of terahertz radiation. Yet some applications require generation and detection of very sharp and narrow terahertz-range pulses with a specific spectral composition. We have studied time-resolved light-current (L–I) characteristics of multimode THz QCL operated with a fast ramp of the injection current. Detection of THz pulses was carried out using an NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer with the time constant of the order of 1 ns while the laser bias current was swept during a single driving pulse. A nonmonotonic behavior of the L–I characteristic with several visually separated subpeaks was found. This behavior is associated with the mode competition in THz QCL cavity, which we confirm by L–I measurements with use of an external Fabry–Perot interferometer for a discrete mode selection. We also have demonstrated the possibility to control the L–I shape with suppression of one of the subpeaks by simply adjusting the off-axis parabolic mirror for optimal optical alignment for one of the laser modes. The developed technique paves the way for rapid characterization of pulsed THz QCLs for further studies of the possibilities of using this approach in remote sensing. |
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10.1117/1.Oe.60.8.082019 |
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1260 |
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Gayduchenko, I.; Xu, S. G.; Alymov, G.; Moskotin, M.; Tretyakov, I.; Taniguchi, T.; Watanabe, K.; Goltsman, G.; Geim, A. K.; Fedorov, G.; Svintsov, D.; Bandurin, D. A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Tunnel field-effect transistors for sensitive terahertz detection |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Nat. Commun. |
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Nat. Commun. |
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12 |
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1 |
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543 |
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field-effect transistors, bilayer graphene, BLG |
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The rectification of electromagnetic waves to direct currents is a crucial process for energy harvesting, beyond-5G wireless communications, ultra-fast science, and observational astronomy. As the radiation frequency is raised to the sub-terahertz (THz) domain, ac-to-dc conversion by conventional electronics becomes challenging and requires alternative rectification protocols. Here, we address this challenge by tunnel field-effect transistors made of bilayer graphene (BLG). Taking advantage of BLG's electrically tunable band structure, we create a lateral tunnel junction and couple it to an antenna exposed to THz radiation. The incoming radiation is then down-converted by the tunnel junction nonlinearity, resulting in high responsivity (>4 kV/W) and low-noise (0.2 pW/[Formula: see text]) detection. We demonstrate how switching from intraband Ohmic to interband tunneling regime can raise detectors' responsivity by few orders of magnitude, in agreement with the developed theory. Our work demonstrates a potential application of tunnel transistors for THz detection and reveals BLG as a promising platform therefor. |
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Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. bandurin@mit.edu |
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2041-1723 |
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PMID:33483488; PMCID:PMC7822863 |
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1261 |
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Rasulova, G. K.; Pentin, I. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Khabibullin, R. A.; Klimov, E. A.; Klochkov, A. N.; Goltsman, G. N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Pulsed terahertz radiation from a double-barrier resonant tunneling diode biased into self-oscillation regime |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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128 |
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22 |
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224303 (1 to 11) |
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HEB, resonant tunneling diode, RTD |
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The study of the bolometer response to terahertz (THz) radiation from a double-barrier resonant tunneling diode (RTD) biased into the negative differential conductivity region of the I–V characteristic revealed that the RTD emits two pulses in a period of intrinsic self-oscillations of current. The bolometer pulse repetition rate is a multiple of the fundamental frequency of the intrinsic self-oscillations of current. The bolometer pulses are detected at two critical points with a distance between them being half or one-third of a period of the current self-oscillations. An analysis of the current self-oscillations and the bolometer response has shown that the THz photon emission is excited when the tunneling electrons are trapped in (the first pulse) and then released from (the second pulse) miniband states. |
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0021-8979 |
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1262 |
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Simonov, N. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Enhance of the superconducting properties of the NbN/Au bilayer bridges |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1695 |
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012132 (1 to 4) |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We experimentally demonstrate strong temperature dependence of the critical current of the superconducting 600-nm-wide and 5-μm-long bridge made of NbN/Au bilayer. The result is achieved due to the proximity effect realized between the highly disordered superconducting NbN layer and low resistive normal-metal Au layer. |
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1742-6588 |
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1263 |
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