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Author D. Henrich, L. Rehm S. Dörner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, and M. Siegel url  openurl
  Title Detection efficiency of a spiral-nanowire superconducting single-photon detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Critical current, Nanoscale devices, Superconducting photodetectors.  
  Abstract We investigate the detection efficiency of a spiral layout of a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD). The design is less susceptible to the critical current reduction in sharp turns of the nanowire than the conventional meander design. Detector samples with different nanowire width from 300 to 100 nm are patterned from a 4 nm thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrates. The critical current IC at 4.2 K for spiral, meander, and simple bridge structures is measured and compared. On the 100 nm wide samples, the detection efficiency is measured in the wavelength range 400-1700 nm and the cut-off wavelength of the hot-spot plateau is determined. In the optical range, the spiral detector reaches a detection efficiency of 27.6%, which is ~1.5 times the value of the meander. In the infrared range the detection efficiency is more than doubled.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author D. Henrich, L. Rehm S. Dörner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, and M. Siegel Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ seleznev @ Serial 880  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Cherednichenko, Sergey; Drakinskiy, Vladimir; Berg, Therese; Khosropanah, Pourya; Kollberg, Erik openurl 
  Title Hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers for the Herschel Space Observatory Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Review of Scientific Instruments Abbreviated Journal Rev. Sci. Instrum.  
  Volume 79 Issue Pages 034501  
  Keywords HEB mixer, HEB detector, HEB direct detector, applications  
  Abstract We report on low noise terahertz mixers(1.4–1.9THz) developed for the heterodyne spectrometer onboard the Herschel Space Observatory. The mixers employ double slot antenna integrated superconducting hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) made of thin NbN films. The mixer performance was characterized in terms of detection sensitivity across the entire rf band by using a Fourier transform spectrometer (from 0.5to2.5THz, with 30GHz resolution) and also by measuring the mixernoise temperature at a limited number of discrete frequencies. The lowest mixernoise temperature recorded was 750K [double sideband (DSB)] at 1.6THz and 950KDSB at 1.9THz local oscillator (LO) frequencies. Averaged across the intermediate frequency band of 2.4–4.8GHz, the mixernoise temperature was 1100KDSB at 1.6THz and 1450KDSB at 1.9THz LO frequencies. The HEB heterodyne receiver stability has been analyzed and compared to the HEB stability in the direct detection mode. The optimal local oscillator power was determined and found to be in a 200–500nW range.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 908  
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Author Shurakov, A.; Tong, Cheuk-yu E.; Grimes, P.; Blundell, R.; Golt'sman, G. openurl 
  Title A microwave reflection readout scheme for hot electron bolometric direct detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 81-84  
  Keywords HEB detectors  
  Abstract In this paper, we propose and present data from a fast THz detector based on the repurpose of hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) fabricated from superconducting NbN thinfilm. This detector is essentially a traditional NbN bolometer element that operates under the influence of a microwave pump. The in-jected microwave power serves the dual purpose of enhancing the detector sensitivity and reading out the impedance changes of the device in response to incidentTHz radiation. We have measured an optical Noise Equivalent Power of 4 pW/ Hz for our detector at a bath temperature of 4.2 K. The measurement frequency was 0.83 THz and the modulation frequency was 1.48 kHz. The readout

scheme is versatile and facilitates both high-speed operation as well as multi-pixel applications.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ atomics90 @ Serial 950  
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Author Seliverstov, S.; Maslennikov, S.; Ryabchun, S.; Finkel, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Kaurova, N.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. doi  openurl
  Title Fast and sensitive terahertz direct detector based on superconducting antenna-coupled hot electron bolometer Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 2300304  
  Keywords HEB detector responsivity, HEB model, numerical calculations, numerical model  
  Abstract We characterize superconducting antenna-coupled hot-electron bolometers for direct detection of terahertz radiation operating at a temperature of 9.0 K. The estimated value of responsivity obtained from lumped-element theory is strongly different from the measured one. A numerical calculation of the detector responsivity is developed, using the Euler method, applied to the system of heat balance equations written in recurrent form. This distributed element model takes into account the effect of nonuniform heating of the detector along its length and provides results that are in better agreement with the experiment. At a signal frequency of 2.5 THz, the measured value of the optical detector noise equivalent power is 2.0 × 10-13 W · Hz-0.5. The value of the bolometer time constant is 35 ps. The corresponding energy resolution is about 3 aJ. This detector has a sensitivity similar to that of the state-of-the-art sub-millimeter detectors operating at accessible cryogenic temperatures, but with a response time several orders of magnitude shorter.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 953  
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Author Jiang, Leaf A.; Luu, Jane X. doi  openurl
  Title Heterodyne detection with a weak local oscillator Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Appl. Opt. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Opt.  
  Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 1486-1503  
  Keywords weak local oscillator, weak LO, photon-counting detector, photon-counting mixer, counter detector, counter mixer, PD mixer, PCD mixer  
  Abstract eterodyne detection in the limit of weak (a few photons) local oscillator and signal power levels has been largely neglected in the past, as authors almost always assumed that the noise was dominated by the shot noise from a strong local oscillator. We present the theory for heterodyne detection of diffuse and specular targets at arbitrary power levels, including the case where the local oscillator power is only a few photons per coherent integration period. The theory was tested with experimental results, and was found to show good agreement. We show how to interpret the power spectral density of the heterodyne signal and how to determine the optimal number of signal and local oscillator photons per coherent integration.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 979  
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