| Records |
| Author |
Gol’tsman, G. N.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Semenov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Dzardanov, A.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, R. |
| Title |
Picosecond superconducting single-photon optical detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
705-707 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We experimentally demonstrate a supercurrent-assisted, hotspot-formation mechanism for ultrafast detection and counting of visible and infrared photons. A photon-induced hotspot leads to a temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the superconducting sensor strip and results in an easily measurable voltage pulse. Subsequent hotspot healing in ∼30 ps time frame, restores the superconductivity (zero-voltage state), and the detector is ready to register another photon. Our device consists of an ultrathin, very narrow NbN strip, maintained at 4.2 K and current-biased close to the critical current. It exhibits an experimentally measured quantum efficiency of ∼20% for 0.81 μm wavelength photons and negligible dark counts. |
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| ISSN |
0003-6951 |
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no |
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Serial |
1543 |
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| Author |
Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Krabbe, A.; Birk, M.; Wagner, G.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Parylene anti-reflection coating of a quasi-optical hot-electron-bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-47 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, anti-reflection coating |
| Abstract |
Parylene C was investigated as anti-reflection coating for silicon at terahertz frequencies. Measurements with a Fourier-transform spectrometer show that the transmittance of pure silicon can be improved by about 30% when applying a layer of Parylene C with a quarter wavelength optical thickness. The 10% bandwidth of this coating extends from 1.5 to 3 THz for a center frequency of 2.3–2.5 THz, where the transmittance is constant. Heterodyne measurements demonstrate that the noise temperature of a hot-electron-bolometric mixer can be reduced significantly by coating the silicon lens of the hybrid antenna with a quarter wavelength Parylene C layer. Compared to the same mixer with an uncoated lens the improvement is about 30% at a frequency of 2.5 THz. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1350-4495 |
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no |
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Serial |
1548 |
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| Author |
Yagoubov, P.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol’tsman, G.; Semenov, A.; Gao, J.; Hoogeveen, R.; de Graauw, T.; Birk, M.; Selig, A.; de Korte, P. |
| Title |
Hot-electron bolometer mixers – technology for far-infrared heterodyne instruments in future atmospheric chemistry missions |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation From Space |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation From Space |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
57-69 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Delmenhorst |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Logos-Verlag |
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Editor |
Buehler, S.; Berlin |
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ISBN |
3-89722-700-2 |
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Conference |
International Symposium on Submillimeter Wave Earth Observation from Space, ISSMWEOS01 |
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no |
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Serial |
1549 |
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| Author |
Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Schubert, J.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Krabbe, A.; Roeser, H.-P. |
| Title |
NbN hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer for SOFIA |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
4014 |
Issue |
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Pages |
195-202 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, airborne, stratospheric observatory, SOFIA |
| Abstract |
Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. We have investigated phonon- cooled NbN hot electron bolometric mixers in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The devices were 3.5 nm thin films with an in-plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The best measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1300 K (0.7 THz), 2000 K (1.4 THz), 2100 K (1.6 THz), 2600 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz), and 8800 K (5.2 THz). The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured. The results demonstrate that this mixer is very well suited for GREAT, the German heterodyne receiver for SOFIA. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Melugin, R.K.; Roeser, H.-P. |
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Airborne Telescope Systems |
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no |
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Serial |
1554 |
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| Author |
Semenov, A. D.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Nonthermal mixing mechanism in a diffusion-cooled hot-electron detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
87 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
502-510 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, nonthermal |
| Abstract |
We present an analysis of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron detector fabricated from clean superconducting material with low transition temperature. The distinctive feature of a clean material, i.e., material with large electron mean free path, is a relatively weak inelastic electron scattering that is not sufficient for the establishment of an elevated thermodynamic electron temperature when the detector is subjected to irradiation. We propose an athermal model of a diffusion-cooled detector that relies on suppression of the superconducting energy gap by the actual dynamic distribution of excess quasiparticles. The resistive state of the device is caused by the electric field penetrating into the superconducting bridge from metal contacts. The dependence of the penetration length on the energy gap delivers the detection mechanism. The sources of the electric noise are equilibrium fluctuations of the number of thermal quasiparticles and frequency dependent shot noise. Using material parameters typical for A1, we evaluate performance of the device in the heterodyne regime at terahertz frequencies. Estimates show that the mixer may have a noise temperature of a few quantum limits and a bandwidth of a few tens of GHz, while the required local oscillator power is in the μW range due to ineffective suppression of the energy gap by quasiparticles with high energies. |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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Serial |
1558 |
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| Author |
Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Non-thermal response of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
4491-4494 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixers, non-thermal |
| Abstract |
We present an analysis of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer in the limiting case of a weak thermalization of non-equilibrium quasiparticles. We propose a new model relying on the non-thermal suppression of the superconducting energy gap by excess quasiparticles. Using material parameters typical for Al, we evaluate performance of the bolometer in the heterodyne regime at terahertz frequencies. Estimates show that the mixer may have quantum limited noise temperature and a few tens of GHz bandwidth, while the required local oscillator power is in the /spl mu/W range due to in-effective suppression of the energy gap by quasiparticles with high energies. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1051-8223 |
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no |
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Serial |
1567 |
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| Author |
Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Noise temperature and sensitivity of a NbN hot-electron mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
190-199 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We report on noise temperature measurements of a NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer at different bias regimes. The device was a 3 nm thick bridge with in-plane dimensions of 1.7 x 0.2 gm 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz up to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz) 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz). Two bias regimes are possible in order to achieve low noise temperatures. But only one of them yields sensitivity fluctuations close to the theoretical limit. |
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no |
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Serial |
1573 |
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| Author |
Schwaab, G. W.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Erichsen, Patrik; Gol'tsman, G.; Semenov, A.; Verevkin, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
A high resolution spectrometer for the investigation of molecular structures in the THZ range |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
530-538 |
| Keywords |
antireflection coatings, dielectric mirrors |
| Abstract |
A status report on the design study of a novel tunable far-infrared (TuFTR) spectrometer for the investigation of the structure of weakly bound molecular complexes is given. The goal is a sensitive TuFIR spectrometer with full frequency coverage from 1-6 THz. To hit the goal, advanced sources (e.g. p-Ge lasers) and detectors (e.g. superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers) shall be employed to extend the technique of cavity ringdown spectroscopy, that is currently used at optical and infrared frequencies to the FIR spectral range. Critical for such a system are high-Q resonators that still allow good optical coupling, and wideband antireflection coatings to increase detector sensitivity and decrease optical path losses. 2 nd order effective media theory and an iterative multilayer algorithm have been employed to design wideband antireflection coatings for dielectrics with large dielectric constants like Ge or Si. Taking into account 6 layers, for Si bandwidths of 100% of the center frequency could be obtained with power reflectivities below 1% for both polarizations simultaneously. Wideband dielectric mirrors including absorption losses were also studied yielding a bandwidth of about 50% with reflectivities larger than 99.5%. |
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Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1577 |
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| Author |
Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Broad-band terahertz NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Inst. Phys. Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Inst. Phys. Conf. |
| Volume |
167 |
Issue |
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Pages |
663-666 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
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4th Europ. Conf. on Appl. Superconductivity, Barcelona, Spain, 14-17 September 1999 |
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no |
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Serial |
1578 |
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| Author |
Gousev, Y. P.; Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Pechen, E. V.; Varlashkin, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Renk, K. F. |
| Title |
Current dependent noise in a YBa2Cu3O7-δ hot-electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3556-3559 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We investigated the output noise of a YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) in a large frequency range (10 kHz to 8 GHz); the bolometer either consisted of a structured 50 nm thick YBCO film on LaAlO/sub 3/ or a 30 nm thick film on a MgO substrate. We found that flicker noise dominated at low frequencies (below 1 MHz), while at higher frequencies Johnson noise and a current dependent noise were the main noise sources. |
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Edition |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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Serial |
1592 |
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