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| Author | Khosropanah, Pourya | ||||
| Title | NbN and NbTiN hot electron bolometer THz mixers | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Chalmers University of Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | HEB mixer, hot electron bolometer mixer, NbN, NbTiN, superconducting detector, heterodyne receiver, THz mixer, submillimeter mixer, quasioptical receiver, double slot antenna, twin slot antenna, spiral antenna, receiver noise, FTS, Fourier Transform Spectrometer | ||||
| Abstract | The thesis reports the development of Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixers for radio astronomy heterodyne receivers in THz frequency range. Part of this work is the fabrication of HEB devices, which are based on NbN or NbTiN superconducting thin films (â‰<a4>5 nm). They are integrated with wideband spiral or double-slot planar antennas. The mixer chips are incorporated into a quasi-optical receiver. The experimental part of this work focuses on the characterization of the receiver as a whole, and the HEB mixers as a part. Double side band receiver noise temperature and the IF bandwidth are reported for frequencies from 0.7 THz up to 2.6 THz. The spectrum of the direct response of HEB integrated with dierent antennas are measured using Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). The effect of the bolometer size on total receiver performance and the LO power requirements is also discussed. A high-yield and reliable process for fabrication of NbN HEB mixers have been achieved. Over 100 devices with different bolometer geometry, film property and also different antennas have been fabricated and measured. The measured data enables us to discuss the impact of different parameters to the receiver overall performance. This work has provided NbN HEB mixers to the following receivers: TREND (Terahertz REceiver with NbN HEB Device) operating at 1.25-1.5 THz, installed in AST/RO Submillimeter Wave Telescope, Amundsen/Scott South Pole Station, in 2002-2003. Band 6-low (1.410-1.700 THz) and 6-high (1.700-1.920 THz) of the HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for Far Infra-red) in the Herschel Space Observatory, due to launch in 2007 by ESA (European Space Agency). Besides, there has been continuous efforts to develop better models to explain the mixer performance more accurately. They are based on two temperature model for electrons and phonons and solving one-dimensional heat balance equations along the bolometer. The principles of these models are illustrated and the calculated results are compared with measured data. |
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| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Chalmers University of Technology | Place of Publication  |
Göteborg | Editor | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 910 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Yagubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Seidman, L.; Siomash, V.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | The bandwidth of HEB mixers employing ultrathin NbN films on sapphire substrate | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 290-302 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process | ||||
| Abstract | We report on some unusual features observed during fabrication of ultrathin NbN films with high Tc. The films were used to fabricate HEB mixers, which were evaluated for IF bandwidth measurements at 140 GHz. Ultrathin films were fabricated using reactive dc magnetron sputtering with a discharge current source. Reproducible parameters of the films are assured keeping constant the difference between the discharge voltage in pure argon, and in a gas mixture, for the same current. A maximum bandwidth of 4 GHz at optimal LO and dc bias was obtained for mixer chip based on NbN film 35 A thick with Tc = 11 K. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 266 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Nebosis, R. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Yu. P.; Renk, K. F. | ||||
| Title | Rigorous analysis of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer: theory and comparision with experiment | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 601-613 | ||
| Keywords | HEB mixer, model, conversion gain, noise temperature, impedance, 2.5 THz | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 605 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 20th ISSTT |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 151-154 | ||
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, bandwidth, noise temperatue, in-situ contacts, in situ contacts | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Charlottesville, USA | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 590 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Vahtomin, Yuriy B.; Finkel, Matvey I.; Antipov, Sergey V.; Voronov, Boris M.; Smirnov, Konstantin V.; Kaurova, Natalia S.; Drakinski, Vladimir N.; Gol'tsman, Gregogy N. | ||||
| Title | Gain bandwidth of phonon-cooled HEB mixer made of NbN thin film with MgO buffer layer on Si | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 259-270 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, conversion gain bandwidth | ||||
| Abstract | We present recently obtained values for gain bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers for different substrates and film thicknesses and for MgO buffer layer on Si at LO frequency of 0.85-1 THz. The maximal bandwidth, 5.2 GHz, was achieved for the device on MgO buffer layer on Si with a 2 nm thick NbN film. Functional devices based on NbN films of such thickness were fabricated for the first time due to an improvement of superconducting properties of NbN film deposited on MgO buffer layer on Si substrate. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harvard university | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 325 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | The sensitivity and IF bandwidth of waveguide NbN hot electron bolometer mixers on MgO buffer layers over crystalline quartz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 65-72 | ||
| Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed and characterized waveguide phonon-cooled NbN Hot Electron Bolometer (FMB) mixers fabricated from a 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on a 200nm thick MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. Double side band receiver noise temperatures of 900-1050 K at 1.035 THz, and 1300-1400 K at 1.26 THz have been measured at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency bandwidth, measured at 0.8 THz LO frequency, is 3.2 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harvard university | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 326 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H.; Kolberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H. W. | ||||
| Title | A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 85-95 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We present a broadband and low noise heterodyne receiver for 1.4-1.7 THz designed for the Hershel Space Observatory. A phonon- cooled NbN HEB mixer was integrated with a normal metal double- slot antenna and an elliptical silicon lens. DSB receiver noise temperature Tr was measured from 1 GHz through 8GHz intermediate frequency band with 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. At 4.2 K bath temperature and at 1.6 THz LO frequency Tr is 800 K with the receiver noise bandwidth of 5 GHz. While at 2 K bath temperature Tr was as low as 700 K. At 0.6 THz and 1.1 THz a spiral antenna integrated NbN HEB mixer showed the receiver noise temperature 500 K and 800 K, though no antireflection coating was used in this case. Tr of 1100 K was achieved at 2.5 THz while the receiver noise bandwidth was 4 GHz. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harward University | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 332 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Cao, Aiqin; Jiang, L.; Chen, S.H.; Antipov, S.V.; Shi, S.C. | ||||
| Title | IF gain bandwidth of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. International conference on microwave and millimeter wave technology | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. ICMMT |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-3 | ||
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, gain bandwidth | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, the intermediate frequency (IF) gain bandwidth of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is investigated at 500 GHz with an IF system incorporating with a frequency down-converting scheme which is able to sweep the IF signal in a frequency range of 0.3-4 GHz. The IF gain bandwidth of the device is measured to be 1.5 GHz when it is biased at a voltage of the minimum noise temperature, and becomes larger when the bias voltage increases. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Builin | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 575 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E. | ||||
| Title | NbN quasioptical phonon cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at THz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 405-408 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Veldhoven | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication |
Bristol | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0951-3248 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | 3rd Eur. Conf. on Applied Superconductivity | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1600 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. PIERS | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. PIERS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 867 | ||
| Keywords | HEB | ||||
| Abstract | The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe. | ||||
| Address | Moscow, Russia | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | The Electromagnetics Academy | Place of Publication |
777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138 | Editor | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1559-9450 | ISBN | 978-1-934142-09-7 | Medium | |
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast | Serial | 1022 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||