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Goltsman, G. (2009). Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer, direct detector and single-photon counter: from devices to systems.
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Ekstrom, H., Karasik, B., Weikle, R., Yngvesson, K. S., Gol’tsman, G., Kollberg, E., et al. (1993). Mixers using superconducting Nb films in the resistive state. In 23rd European Microwave Conf. (pp. 787–789).
Abstract: The mixing of 20 GHz radiation in a Nb superconducting film in the resistive state was studied. The experiment gave evidence of electron-heating to be the origin of the non-linear phenomenon. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are determined. Our measurements indicate a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB. The hot-electron bolometer is considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers in a wide frequency range from microwaves to terahertz frequencies.
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Gol’tsman, G. N. (1994). Terahertz technology in Russia. In 24th European Microwave Conf. (Vol. 1, pp. 113–121).
Abstract: The presentation consider the parameters and operating peculiarities of unique microwave generators of the terahertz range which have been created in Russia – the backward wave oscillators – as well as certain devices based on these generators, such as high resolution. spectrometers and time-resolving spectrometers with picosecond temporal resolution. Most resent BWO-based studies are illustrated by a project devoted to superconductive hot-electron. bolometers which are of great independent value for the terahertz technology as high-sensitive picosecond detectors and low noise broad-band mixers.
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Goltsman, G. N. (2006). Submillimeter superconducting receivers for astronomy, atmospheric studies and other applications. In 31nd IRMW / 14th ICTE (177).
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Palma, F., Teppe, F., Fatimy, A. E., Green, R., Xu, J., Vachontin, Y., et al. (2010). THz communication system based on a THz quantum cascade laser and a hot electron bolometer. In 35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (11623798 (1 to 2)).
Abstract: We present the experimental study of the direct emission – detection system based on the THz Quantum Cascade Laser as a source and Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) detector – in view of its application as an optical communication system. We show that the system can efficiently transmit the QCL Terahertz pulses. We estimate the maximal modulation speed of the system to be about several GHz and show that it is limited only by the QCL pulse power supply, detector amplifier and connection line/wires parameters.
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