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Author |
Huebers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Schwaab, G. W. |
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Title |
NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication  |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
3828 |
Issue |
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Pages |
410-416 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
We have investigated a phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixer in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The device was a 3.5 nm thin film with an in- plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1500 K, 2200 K, 2600 K, 2900 K, 4000 K, 5600 K and 8800 K. The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured and the suitability of the mixer for a practical heterodyne receiver is discussed. |
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Spie |
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Editor |
Chamberlain, J.M. |
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Terahertz Spectroscopy and Applications II |
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Serial |
1477 |
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Author |
Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Schubert, J.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Krabbe, A.; Roeser, H.-P. |
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Title |
NbN hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer for SOFIA |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
4014 |
Issue |
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Pages |
195-202 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, airborne, stratospheric observatory, SOFIA |
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Abstract |
Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. We have investigated phonon- cooled NbN hot electron bolometric mixers in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The devices were 3.5 nm thin films with an in-plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The best measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1300 K (0.7 THz), 2000 K (1.4 THz), 2100 K (1.6 THz), 2600 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz), and 8800 K (5.2 THz). The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured. The results demonstrate that this mixer is very well suited for GREAT, the German heterodyne receiver for SOFIA. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Melugin, R.K.; Roeser, H.-P. |
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Airborne Telescope Systems |
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no |
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Serial |
1554 |
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Author |
Yngvesson, K. S.; Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Ji, M.; Goyette, T. M.; Dickinson, J. C.; Waldman, J.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Low-noise HEB heterodyne receivers and focal plane arrays for the THz regime using NbN |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
3795 |
Issue |
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Pages |
357-368 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
We have developed prototype HEB receivers using thin film superconducting NbN devices deposited on silicon substrates. The devices are quasi-optically coupled through a silicon lens and a self-complementary log-specific toothed antenna. We measured DSB receiver noise temperatures of 500 K (13 X hf/2k) at 1.56 THz and 1,100 K (20 X hf/2k) at 2.24 THz. Noise temperatures are expected to fall further as devices and quasi-optical coupling methods are being optimized. The measured 3 dB IF conversion gain bandwidth for one device was 3 GHz, and it is estimated that the bandwidth over which the receiver noise temperature is within 3 dB of its minimum value is 6.5 GHz which is sufficient for a number of practical applications. We will discuss our latest results and give a detailed description of our prototype setup and experiments. We will also discuss our plans for developing focal plane arrays with tens of Hot Electron Bolometric mixer elements on a single silicon substrate which will make real time imaging systems in the THz region feasible. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Hwu, R.J.; Wu, K. |
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Conference |
Terahertz and Gigahertz Photonics |
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no |
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Serial |
1561 |
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Author |
Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Evidence of subnanosecond transition stage in S-N current switching of YBaCuO films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2160 |
Issue |
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Pages |
74-82 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS switches |
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Abstract |
We report on a study of S-N and N-S current switching in high quality YBaCuO films deposited onto ZrO2 and NdGaO3 substrates. The films 60-120 nm thick prepared by laser ablation were structured into single strips and were provided with gold contacts. We monitored the time dependence of the resistance upon application of the voltage step on the film. Experiment performed within certain ranges of voltage amplitudes and temperatures showed the occurrence of the fast stage both in S-N (shorter than 300 ps) and N-S transition. We discuss the mechanism of switching taking into account the hot electron phenomena in YBaCuO. The contributions of various thermal processes in the subsequent stage of the resistance dynamic are also discussed. The basic limiting characteristics (average dissipated power, minimum work done for switching, maximum repetition rate) of a picosecond switch which is proposed to be developed are estimated. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Buhrman, R.A.; Clarke, J.T.; Daly, K.; Koch, R.H.; Luine, J.A.; Simon, R.W. |
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Conference |
Superconductive Devices and Circuits |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1638 |
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Author |
Karasik, B.S.; Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M.A.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Trifonov, V.V.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Gershenzon, E.M. |
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Title |
Picosecond detection and broadband mixing of near-infrared radiation by YBaCuO films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2159 |
Issue |
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Pages |
68-76 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixer |
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Abstract |
Nonequilibrium picosecond and bolometric responses of YBCO films 500 angstroms thick patterned into 20 X 20 micrometers 2 size structure to 17 ps laser pulses and modulated radiation of GaAs and CO2 lasers have been studied. The modulation frequencies up to 10 GHz for GaAs laser and up to 1 GHz for CO2 were attained. The use of small radiation power (1 – 10 mW/cm2 for cw radiation and 10 – 100 nJ/cm2 for pulse radiation) in combination with high sensitive read-out system made possible to avoid any non-linear transient processes caused by an overheating of sample above a critical temperature or S-N switching enhanced by an intense radiation. Responses due to the change of kinetic inductance were believed to be negligible. The only signals observed were caused by a small change of the film resistance either in the resistive state created by a bias current or in the normal state. The data obtained by means of pulse and modulation techniques are in agreement. The responsivity about 1 V/W was measured at 1 GHz modulation frequency both for 0.85 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers wavelengths. The sensitivity of high-Tc fast wideband infrared detector is discussed. |
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Spie |
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Editor |
Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C. |
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Conference |
High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1640 |
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Author |
Gol’tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P. B.; Goghidze, I. G.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Nonbolometric and fast bolometric responses of YBaCuO thin films in superconducting, resistive, and normal states |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2159 |
Issue |
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Pages |
81-86 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB, nonbolornetric |
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Abstract |
The transient voltage response in both epitaxial and granular YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 micrometers and 1.54 micrometers was studied. In normal and resistive states both types of films demonstrate two components: nonequilibrium picosecond component and following bolometric nanosecond. The normalized amplitudes are almost the same for all films. In superconducting state we observed a kinetic inductive response and two-component shape after integration. The normalized amplitude of the response in granular films is up to several orders of magnitude larger than in epitaxial films. We interpret the nonequilibrium response in terms of a suppression of order parameter by the excess of quasiparticles followed by the change of resistance in normal and resistive states or kinetic inductance in superconducting state. The sharp rise of inductive response in granular films is explained both by a diminishing of the crossection for current percolation through the disordered network os Josephson weak links and by a decrease of condensate density in neighboring regions. |
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SPIE |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C. |
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Conference |
High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1641 |
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Author |
Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
High speed hot-electron superconducting bolometer |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2104 |
Issue |
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Pages |
181-182 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEb, Nb, Al |
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Abstract |
Physical limitation of response time of a superconducting bolometer as well as the nature of non-equilibrium detection of radiation have been investigated for Al, Nb and NbN thin films in spectral range from submillimeter to near-infraredwavelengths [1,2]. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film with the f_‘. 100A thickness the detection mechanism is an electron heating effect that is not selective to radiation wavelength in a very broad range. The response time ofan electron heating bolometer is determined by an electron-phonon interaction time. This time is of about 10 ns, 0.5 ns and 20 ps for Al, Nb, and NbN correspondingly near the critical temperature of the superconducting film. Thesensitive area of the bolometer consists of a number of narrow strips (with awidth of 1µm) connected in parallel to contact pads; these pads together witha sapphire substrate and a ground plate represent the microstrip transmissionline with an impedance of 50 Q. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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Conference |
18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1652 |
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Author |
Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Zorin, M.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Lindgren, M. |
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Title |
Picosecond detection of infrared radiation with YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2104 |
Issue |
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Pages |
183-184 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB detectors |
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Abstract |
Picosecond nonequilibrium and slow bolometric responses from a patterned high-Tc superconducting (HTS) film due toinfrared radiation were investigated using both modulation and pulse techniques. Measurements at A, = 0.85 [tm andA, = 10.6 lim have shown a similar behaviour of the response vs modulation frequency f. The responsivity of the HTS filmbased detector at f ..- 0.6-1 GHz is estimated to be 10-2 – 10-1 V/W. |
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Spie |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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Conference |
18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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Notes |
https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=25034664 |
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no |
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Call Number |
10.1117/12.2298489 |
Serial |
1653 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Hot-electron superconducting mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
2104 |
Issue |
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Pages |
329-330 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The creation of low noise heterodyne receivers for frequencies above 1 THz is in the urgentneed for radio astronomy, laser spectroscopy, plasma diagnostic, etc. In this paper we discussthe nonlinear effect related to hot electrons in superconductors, and their potential use in lownoise submilimeter wave mixer. We also discuss results achieved so far as well as possible futuredevelopments. |
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SPIE |
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Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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no |
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1654 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Heating of electrons in resistive state of superconducting films. Detectors, mixers and switches |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Progress in High Temperature Superconductivity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Progress in High Temperature Superconductivity |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
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Pages |
190-195 |
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Keywords |
superconducting films, heating of electrons |
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International Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity and Localization Phenomena , Moscow, Russia , 11 – 15 May 1991 |
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Notes |
https://books.google.co.kr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uCI0DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA190&ots=z7WGjXYWr4&sig=TQ6G6dKsmcj4faYe1ZLw_BFmps8 |
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1666 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semyonov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Heating of electrons in superconductor in the resistive state due to electromagnetic radiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
207-212 |
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Keywords |
Nb HEB |
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Abstract |
The effect of heating electrons with respect to phonons in a thin superconducting film driven into the resistive state by the current and the external magnetic field has been observed and investigated. This effect caused by the electromagnetic radiation is manifested in the increased resistance of the film and is not selective over the frequency range from 1010 to 1015 Hz. That the effect is frequency independent under the conditions of strong electron scattering caused by static defects is explained by the decisive role of electron -electron collisions in forming the distribution function. The characteristic time of resistance change, obtained experimentally, corresponds to the relaxation time of the order parameter near the superconducting transition and to the relaxation time of the nonelastic electron-phonon interaction at lower temperatures and in lower magnetic fields. |
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0038-1098 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1709 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
493-497 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
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Abstract |
The ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter to near infrared. With the rise of radiation frequency the Josephson detection at the grain boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. Electron-phonon relaxation time τeph is determined by direct measurements and analyses quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of τeph at T ≤ 40 K was found to be τeph ∼ T−1. The results show that detectors with the response time of few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable. |
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0038-1098 |
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1685 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Potapov, V. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Restriction of microwave enhancement of superconductivity in impure superconductors due to electron-electron interaction |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
639-641 |
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Keywords |
impure superconductors |
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Abstract |
Transition from microwave enhancement of supercurrent to superconductivity suppression is investigated in impure superconductors. It is demonstrated that the frequency range of the enhancement effect narrows with the decrease of the electron mean free path, l, and at l ⩽ 1 nm electron heating is observed in the whole frequency range. Dependences of frequency boundaries on l are explained by taking into account strong electron-electron interaction in impure metals. |
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0038-1098 |
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1687 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Potoskuev, S. E. |
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Title |
Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of electrons of a superconductor in the resistive state |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
414-420 |
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HEB |
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Duplicated as 1697 |
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236 |
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Author |
Voevodin, E. I.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G. |
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Title |
Energy-spectrum of shallow acceptors in Ge deformed strongly by a uniaxial pressure |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. and Technics of Semiconductors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. and Technics of Semiconductors |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
843-846 |
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Keywords |
Ge, crystallography |
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Abstract |
Проведены исследования спектров фототермической ионизации мелких акцепторов (В, Аl) в Ge, предельно сжатом вдоль кристаллографической оси [100]. Из данных измерений с учетом теории построен энергетический спектр примесей. Показано, что энергии большого числа уровней четных и нечетных состояний хорошо соответствуют расчету, выполненному для примесей в анизотропном полупроводнике с параметром анизотропии γ=m∗⊥/m∗∥>1. |
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Энергетический спектр мелких акцепторов в сильно одноосно деформированном Ge |
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1692 |
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