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Wild, W.; Kardashev, N. S.; Likhachev, S. F.; Babakin, N. G.; Arkhipov, V. Y.; Vinogradov, I. S.; Andreyanov, V. V.; Fedorchuk, S. D.; Myshonkova, N. V.; Alexsandrov, Y. A.; Novokov, I. D.; Goltsman, G. N.; Cherepaschuk, A. M.; Shustov, B. M.; Vystavkin, A. N.; Koshelets, V. P.; Vdovin, V.F.; de Graauw, T.; Helmich, F.; vd Tak, F.; Shipman, R.; Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.; Khosropanah, P.; Roelfsema, P.; Barthel, P.; Spaans, M.; Mendez, M.; Klapwijk, T.; Israel, F.; Hogerheijde, M.; vd Werf, P.; Cernicharo, J.; Martin-Pintado, J.; Planesas, P.; Gallego, J. D.; Beaudin, G.; Krieg, J. M.; Gerin, M.; Pagani, L.; Saraceno, P.; Di Giorgio, A. M.; Cerulli, R.; Orfei, R.; Spinoglio, L.; Piazzo, L.; Liseau, R.; Belitsky, V.; Cherednichenko, S.; Poglitsch, A.; Raab, W.; Guesten, R.; Klein, B.; Stutzki, J.; Honingh, N.; Benz, A.; Murphy, A.; Trappe, N.; Räisänen, A. |
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Millimetron—a large Russian-European submillimeter space observatory |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Exp. Astron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Exp. Astron. |
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23 |
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1 |
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221-244 |
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Millimetron space observatory, VLBI, very long baseline interferometry |
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Millimetron is a Russian-led 12 m diameter submillimeter and far-infrared space observatory which is included in the Space Plan of the Russian Federation for launch around 2017. With its large collecting area and state-of-the-art receivers, it will enable unique science and allow at least one order of magnitude improvement with respect to the Herschel Space Observatory. Millimetron will be operated in two basic observing modes: as a single-dish observatory, and as an element of a ground-space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) system. As single-dish, angular resolutions on the order of 3 to 12 arc sec will be achieved and spectral resolutions of up to a million employing heterodyne techniques. As VLBI antenna, the chosen elliptical orbit will provide extremely large VLBI baselines (beyond 300,000 km) resulting in micro-arc second angular resolution. |
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0922-6435 |
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1402 |
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Korneeva, Y.; Vodolazov, D.; Florya, I.; Manova, N.; Smirnov, E.; Korneev, A.; Mikhailov, M.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
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Title |
Single photon detection in micron scale NbN and α-MoSi superconducting strips |
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Conference Article |
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2018 |
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EPJ Web Conf. |
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EPJ Web Conf. |
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190 |
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04010 (1 to 2) |
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SSPD |
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We experimentally demonstrate the single photon detection in straight micrometer-wide NbN and α-MoSi bridges. Width of the bridges is 2 µm, while the wavelength of the photon changes from 408 to 1550 nm and critical current exceeds 50% of the depairing current. Obtained results offer the alternative route for design of detectors without resonator and meander structure and indirectly confirm vortex assisted mechanism of single photon detection. |
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2100-014X |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Optical single photon detection in micron-scaled NbN bridges |
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Miscellaneous |
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2018 |
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arXiv |
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SSPD |
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We demonstrate experimentally that single photon detection can be achieved in micron-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 μm to 5.15 μm and for photon-wavelengths from 408 nm to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50 % of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), based on nanometer scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modelling based on the theory of non-equilibrium superconductivity including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. |
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Duplicated as 1303 |
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1312 |
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Ganzevles, W. F. M.; Gao, J. R.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Direct response of microstrip line coupled Nb THz hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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79 |
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15 |
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2483-2485 |
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0003-6951 |
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311 |
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Dorenbos, S. N.; Reiger, E. M.; Perinetti, U.; Zwiller, V.; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Low noise superconducting single photon detectors on silicon |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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93 |
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13 |
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131101 |
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0003-6951 |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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436 |
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Floet, D. Wilms; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gao, J. R. |
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Resistive transition of niobium superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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73 |
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19 |
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2826 |
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HEB |
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0003-6951 |
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543 |
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Barends, R.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Current-induced vortex unbinding in bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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87 |
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263506 (1 to 3) |
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HEB mixer numerical model, HEB model, IV-curves, vortex-antivortex, Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model, self-heating effect, temperature profile |
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We present a description of the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometers in terms of the current-dependent intrinsic resistive transition of NbN films. We find that, by including this current dependence, we can correctly predict the complete current-voltage characteristics, showing excellent agreement with measurements for both low and high bias and for small as well as large devices. It is assumed that the current dependence is due to vortex-antivortex unbinding as described in the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory. The presented approach will be useful in guiding device optimization for noise and bandwidth. |
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604 |
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Zhang, W.; Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Kollberg, E. L.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Bansal, T.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Quantum noise in a terahertz hot electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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96 |
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11 |
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111113-(1-3) |
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HEB mixer, quantum limit, quantum noise, vacuum box, THz, Terahertz |
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We have measured the noise temperature of a single, sensitive superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in a frequency range from 1.6 to 5.3 THz, using a setup with all the key components in vacuum. By analyzing the measured receiver noise temperature using a quantum noise (QN) model for HEB mixers, we confirm the effect of QN. The QN is found to be responsible for about half of the receiver noise at the highest frequency in our measurements. The beta-factor (the quantum efficiency of the HEB) obtained experimentally agrees reasonably well with the calculated value. |
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624 |
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Tanner, M. G.; Natarajan, C. M.; Pottapenjara, V. K.; O'Connor, J. A.; Warburton, R. J.; Hadfield, R. H.; Baek, B.; Nam, S.; Dorenbos, S. N.; Bermúdez Ureña, E.; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Zwiller, V. |
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Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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96 |
Issue |
22 |
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3 |
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SNSPD |
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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as a highly promising infrared single-photon detector technology. Next-generation devices are being developed with enhanced detection efficiency (DE) at key technological wavelengths via the use of optical cavities. Furthermore, new materials and substrates are being explored for improved fabrication versatility, higher DE, and lower dark counts. We report on the practical performance of packaged NbTiN SNSPDs fabricated on oxidized silicon substrates in the wavelength range from 830 to 1700 nm. We exploit constructive interference from the SiO2/Si interface in order to achieve enhanced front-side fiber-coupled DE of 23.2 % at 1310 nm, at 1 kHz dark count rate, with 60 ps full width half maximum timing jitter. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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655 |
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Gao, J. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. |
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Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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86 |
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art.num. 244104 |
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RPLAB @ s @ qc_lasers_gao |
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368 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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86 |
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16 |
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163503 (1 to 3) |
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HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
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We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. |
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Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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91 |
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221111 (1 to 3) |
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NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning |
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We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. |
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Jackson, B. D.; Baryshev, A. M.; de Lange, G.; Gao, J. R.; Shitov, S. V.; Iosad, N. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Low-noise 1 THz superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer incorporating a NbTiN/SiO2/Al tuning circuit |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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79 |
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3 |
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436 |
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RPLAB @ s @ sis_Jackson_2001 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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84 |
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11 |
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1958-1960 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K
at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. |
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Gao, J. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. |
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Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer |
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2005 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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86 |
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244104 (1 to 3) |
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HEB, QCL |
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We report the first demonstration of an all solid-stateheterodyne receiver that can be used for high-resolution spectroscopy above 2THz suitable for space-based observatories. The receiver uses a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as mixer and a quantum cascade laser operating at 2.8THz as local oscillator. We measure a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1400K at 2.8THz and 4.2K, and find that the free-running QCL has sufficient power stability for a practical receiver, demonstrating an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and stability. |
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