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| Author | Matyushkin, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.; Fedorov, G. | ||||
| Title | On chip carbon nanotube tunneling spectroscopy | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 28 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 50-53 |
| Keywords | carbon nanotubes, CNT, scanning tunneling microscope, STM | ||||
| Abstract | We report an experimental study of the band structure of individual carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) based on investigation of the tunneling density of states, i.e. tunneling spectroscopy. A common approach to this task is to use a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). However, this approach has a number of drawbacks, to overcome which, we propose another method – tunneling spectroscopy of SCNTs on a chip using a tunneling contact. This method is simpler, cheaper and technologically advanced than the STM. Fabrication of a tunnel contact can be easily integrated into any technological route, therefore, a tunnel contact can be used, for example, as an additional tool in characterizing any devices based on individual CNTs. In this paper we demonstrate a simple technological procedure that results in fabrication of good-quality tunneling contacts to carbon nanotubes. | ||||
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Taylor & Francis | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | doi:10.1080/1536383X.2019.1671365 | Serial | 1269 | ||
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| Author | Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting hot electron bolometer as mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 4855 | Issue | Pages | 395-401 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently under development for SOFIA or Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. We present results of the development of a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, which will be flown aboard SOFIA. The mixer is a small superconducting bridge incorporated in a planar feed antenna and a hyperhemispherical lens. Mixers with logarithmic-spiral and double-slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 17 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. The performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The measured linewidth is in good agreement with the linewidth deduced from pressure broadening measurements at millimeter wavelength. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers. | ||||
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SPIE | Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | Phillips, T. G.; Zmuidzinas, J. |
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Presented at the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 4855 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 335 | |||
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| Author | Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Coherent detection of weak signals with superconducting nanowire single photon detector at the telecommunication wavelength | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 10229 | Issue | Pages | 0G (1 to 12) | |
| Keywords | SSPD mixer, SNSPD, coherent detection, weak signal detection, superconducting nanostructures | ||||
| Abstract | Achievement of the ultimate sensitivity along with a high spectral resolution is one of the frequently addressed problems, as the complication of the applied and fundamental scientific tasks being explored is growing up gradually. In our work, we have investigated performance of a superconducting nanowire photon-counting detector operating in the coherent mode for detection of weak signals at the telecommunication wavelength. Quantum-noise limited sensitivity of the detector was ensured by the nature of the photon-counting detection and restricted by the quantum efficiency of the detector only. Spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique and was defined by the linewidth and stability of the Local Oscillator (LO). Response bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector’s pulse width, which, in turn, could be controlled by the nanowire length. In addition, the system noise bandwidth was shown to be governed by the electronics/lab equipment, and the detector noise bandwidth is predicted to depend on its jitter. As have been demonstrated, a very small amount of the LO power (of the order of a few picowatts down to hundreds of femtowatts) was required for sufficient detection of the test signal, and eventual optimization could lead to further reduction of the LO power required, which would perfectly suit for the foreseen development of receiver matrices and the need for detection of ultra-low signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second. | ||||
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Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Prochazka, I.; Sobolewski, R.; James, R.B. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Photon counting applications | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | 10.1117/12.2267724 | Serial | 1201 | ||
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| Author | Huebers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Schwaab, G. W. | ||||
| Title | NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 3828 | Issue | Pages | 410-416 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We have investigated a phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixer in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The device was a 3.5 nm thin film with an in- plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1500 K, 2200 K, 2600 K, 2900 K, 4000 K, 5600 K and 8800 K. The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured and the suitability of the mixer for a practical heterodyne receiver is discussed. | ||||
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Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Chamberlain, J.M. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Terahertz Spectroscopy and Applications II | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1477 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Antipov, A.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast and high quantum efficiency large-area superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 6583 | Issue | Pages | 65830I (1 to 9) | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting NbN films, infrared single-photon detectors | ||||
| Abstract | We present our latest generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN films, as meander-shaped 0.5-mm-long and 100-nm-wide stripes. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance parameters in the visible-to-near-infrared radiation wavelengths: quantum efficiency (QE) of our best devices approaches a saturation level of 30% even at 4.2 K (limited by the NbN film optical absorption) and dark counts as low as 2x10-4 Hz. The presented SSPDs were designed to maintain the QE of large-active-area devices, but, unless our earlier SSPDs, hampered by a significant kinetic inductance and a nanosecond response time, they are characterized by a low inductance and GHz counting rates. We have designed, simulated, and tested the structures consisting of several, connected in parallel, meander sections, each having a resistor connected in series. Such new, multi-element geometry led to a significant decrease of the device kinetic inductance without the decrease of its active area and QE. The presented improvement in the SSPD performance makes our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum cryptography applications. | ||||
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Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Dusek, M.; Hillery, M.S.; Schleich, W.P.; Prochazka, I.; Migdall, A.L.; Pauchard, A. | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1249 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Spectral sensitivity of narrow strip NbN superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 8072 | Issue | Pages | 80720G (1 to 9) | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) is patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrate as a 100-nm-wide strip. Due to its high detection efficiency, low dark counts, and picosecond timing jitter SSPD has become a competitor to the InGaAs avalanche photodiodes at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths. Although the SSPD is operated at liquid helium temperature its efficient single-mode fibre coupling enabled its usage in many applications ranging from single-photon sources research to quantum cryptography. In our strive to increase the detection efficiency at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths we developed and fabricated SSPD with the strip almost twice narrower compared to the standard 100 nm. To increase the voltage response of the device we utilized cascade switching mechanism: we connected 50-nm-wide and 10-μm-long strips in parallel covering the area of 10 μmx10 μm. Absorption of a photon breaks the superconductivity in a strip leading to the bias current redistribution between other strips followed their cascade switching. As the total current of all the strips about is 1 mA by the order of magnitude the response voltage of such an SSPD is several times higher compared to the traditional meander-shaped SSPDs. In middle infrared (about 3 μm wavelength) these devices have the detection efficiency several times higher compared to the traditional SSPDs. | ||||
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SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Fiurásek, J.; Prochazka, I. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Photon Counting Applications, Quantum Optics, and Quantum Information Transfer and Processing III | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1387 | |||
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| Author | Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Morozov, D.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Registration of infrared single photons by a two-channel receiver based on fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 7009 | Issue | Pages | 70090V (1 to 8) | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, superconductors, superconducting nanost | ||||
| Abstract | Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are the foundation of all quantum communications (QC) protocols. Among different classes of SPDs currently studied, NbN superconducting SPDs (SSPDs) are established as the best devices for ultrafast counting of single photons in the infrared (IR) wavelength range. The SSPDs are nanostructured, 100 μm2 in total area, superconducting meanders, patterned by electron lithography in ultra-thin NbN films. Their operation has been explained within a phenomenological hot-electron photoresponse model. We present the design and performance of a novel, two-channel SPD receiver, based on two fiber-coupled NbN SSPDs. The receivers have been developed for fiber-based QC systems, operational at 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm telecommunication wavelengths. They operate in the temperature range from 4.2 K to 2 K, in which the NbN SSPDs exhibit their best performance. The receiver unit has been designed as a cryostat insert, placed inside a standard liquid-heliumstorage dewar. The input of the receiver consists of a pair of single-mode optical fibers, equipped with the standard FC connectors and kept at room temperature. Coupling between the SSPD and the fiber is achieved using a specially designed, precise micromechanical holder that places the fiber directly on top of the SSPD nanostructure. Our receivers achieve the quantum efficiency of up to 7% for near-IR photons, with the coupling efficiency of about 30%. The response time was measured to be < 1.5 ns and it was limited by our read-out electronics. The jitter of fiber-coupled SSPDs is < 35 ps and their dark-count rate is below 1s-1. The presented performance parameters show that our single-photon receivers are fully applicable for quantum correlation-type QC systems, including practical quantum cryptography. | ||||
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SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Sukhoivanov, I.A.; Svich, V.A.; Shmaliy, Y.S. | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1413 | |||
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| Author | Zhang, W.; Li, N.; Jiang, L.; Ren, Y.; Yao, Q.-J.; Lin, Z.-H.; Shi, S.-C.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Dependence of noise temperature of quasi-optical superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers on bath temperature and optical-axis displacement | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 6840 | Issue | Pages | 684007 (1 to 8) | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, noise temperature, LO power | ||||
| Abstract | It is known that the increase of bath temperature results in the decrease of critical current of superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers owing to the depression of superconductivity, thus leading to the degradation of the mixer’s sensitivity. Here we report our study on the effect of bath temperature on the heterodyne mixing performance of quasi-optical superconducting NbN HEB mixers incorporated with a two-arm log-spiral antenna. The correlation between the bath temperature, critical current, LO power requirement and noise temperature is investigated at 0.5 THz. Furthermore, the heterodyne mixing performance of quasi-optical superconducting NbN HEB mixers is examined while there is an optical-axis displacement between the center of the extended hemispherical silicon lens and the superconducting NbN HEB device, which is placed on the back of the lens. Detailed experimental results and analysis are presented. | ||||
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Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Zhang, C.; Zhang, X.-C. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Terahertz Photonics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1415 | |||
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| Author | Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Gorska, M.; Rieger, E.; Dorenbos, P.; Zwiller, V.; Milostnaya, I.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Komissarov, I.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fiber-coupled NbN superconducting single-photon detectors for quantum correlation measurements | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 6583 | Issue | Pages | 65830J (1 to 11) | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single-photon detectors, single-photon detectors, fiber-coupled optical detectors, quantum correlations, superconducting devices | ||||
| Abstract | We have fabricated fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), designed for quantum-correlationtype experiments. The SSPDs are nanostructured ( 100-nm wide and 4-nm thick) NbN superconducting meandering stripes, operated in the 2 to 4.2 K temperature range, and known for ultrafast and efficient detection of visible to nearinfrared photons with almost negligible dark counts. Our latest devices are pigtailed structures with coupling between the SSPD structure and a single-mode optical fiber achieved using a micromechanical photoresist ring placed directly over the meander. The above arrangement withstands repetitive thermal cycling between liquid helium and room temperature, and we can reach the coupling efficiency of up to 33%. The system quantum efficiency, measured as the ratio of the photons counted by SSPD to the total number of photons coupled into the fiber, in our early devices was found to be around 0.3 % and 1% for 1.55 &mgr;m and 0.9 &mgr;m photon wavelengths, respectively. The photon counting rate exceeded 250 MHz. The receiver with two SSPDs, each individually biased, was placed inside a transport, 60-liter liquid helium Dewar, assuring uninterrupted operation for over 2 months. Since the receiver’s optical and electrical connections are at room temperature, the set-up is suitable for any applications, where single-photon counting capability and fast count rates are desired. In our case, it was implemented for photon correlation experiments. The receiver response time, measured as a second-order photon cross-correlation function, was found to be below 400 ps, with timing jitter of less than 40 ps. | ||||
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Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Dusek, M.; Hillery, M.S.; Schleich, W.P.; Prochazka, I.; Migdall, A.L.; Pauchard, A. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Photon Counting Applications, Quantum Optics, and Quantum Cryptography | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1431 | |||
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| Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Slepneva, S.; Seleznev, V.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single photon counting of mid-infrared optical radiation | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5957 | Issue | Pages | 59570A (1 to 9) | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, superconductors, superconducting | ||||
| Abstract | We report on our progress in research and development of ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs were made of the 4-nm-thick NbN films with Tc 11 K, patterned as meander-shaped, 100-nm-wide strips, and covering an area of 10×10 μm2. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, a hotspot of excited electrons and redistribution of the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient signal across the superconducting nanostripe. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by the optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. With the wavelength increase of the incident photons,the QE of SSPDs decreases significantly, but even at the wavelength of 6 μm, the detector is able to count single photons and exhibits QE of about 10-2 %. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2x10-4 s,-1 which makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in a noise equivalent power (NEP) below 10-18 WHz-1/2 for the mid-infrared range (6 μm). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for another, lower-Tc materials with a narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticles diffusivity. The use of such superconductors should shift the cutoff wavelength below 10 μm. | ||||
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SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Infrared Photoelectronics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1458 | |||
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| Author | Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Latta, C.; Zwiller, V.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Verevkin, A.; Currie, M.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fiber-coupled quantum-communications receiver based on two NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5957 | Issue | Pages | 59571K (1 to 10) | |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, quantum communication, quantum cryptography, superconductors, infrared optical detectors | ||||
| Abstract | We present the design and performance of a novel, two-channel single-photon receiver, based on two fiber-coupled NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). The SSPDs are nanostructured superconducting meanders covering an area of 100 μm2 and are known for ultrafast and efficient counting of single, visible-to-infrared photons. Their operation has been explained within a phenomenological hot-electron photoresponse model. Our receiver is intended for fiber-based quantum cryptography and communication systems, operational at near-infrared (NIR) telecommunication wavelengths, λ = 1.3 μm and λ = 1.55 μm. Coupling between the NbN detector and a single-mode optical fiber was achieved using a specially designed, micromechanical photoresist ring, positioned directly over the SSPD active area. The positioning accuracy of the ring was below 1 μm. The receiver with SSPDs was placed (immersed) in a standard liquid-helium transport Dewar and kept without interruption for over two months at 4.2 K. At the same time, the optical fiber inputs and electrical outputs were kept at room temperature. Our best system reached a system quantum efficiency of up to 0.3 % in the NIR radiation range, with the detector coupling efficiency of about 30 %. The response time was measured to be about 250 ps and was limited by our read-out electronics. The measured jitter was close to 35 ps. The presented performance parameters show that our NIR single photon detectors are suitable for practical quantum cryptography and for applications in quantum-correlation experiments. | ||||
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SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Infrared Photoelectronics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1459 | |||
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| Author | Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Lipatov, A. P.; Pearlman, A. J.; Cross, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A. A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Advanced nanostructured optical NbN single-photon detector operated at 2.0 K | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5732 | Issue | Pages | 520-529 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our studies on quantum efficiency (QE), dark counts, and noise equivalent power (NEP) of the latest generation of nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) operated at 2.0 K. Our SSPDs are based on 4 nm-thick NbN films, patterned by electron beam lithography as highly-uniform 100÷120-nm-wide meander-shaped stripes, covering the total area of 10x10 μm2 with the meander filling factor of 0.7. Advances in the fabrication process and low-temperature operation lead to QE as high as 30-40% for visible-light photons (0.56 μm wavelength)-the saturation value, limited by optical absorption of the NbN film. For 1.55 μm photons, QE was 20% and decreased exponentially with the wavelength reaching 0.02% at the 5-μm wavelength. Being operated at 2.0-K temperature the SSPDs revealed an exponential decrease of the dark count rate, what along with the high QE, resulted in the NEP as low as 5x10-21 W/Hz-1/2, the lowest value ever reported for near-infrared optical detectors. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 1 GHz with the pulse-to-pulse jitter below 20 ps. Our nanostructured NbN SSPDs operated at 2.0 K significantly outperform their semiconducting counterparts and find practical applications ranging from noninvasive testing of CMOS VLSI integrated circuits to ultrafast quantum communications and quantum cryptography. | ||||
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Spie | Place of Publication | Editor | Razeghi, M.; Brown, G.J. | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1478 | |||
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| Author | Hubers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Schwarz, M.; Gunther, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. | ||||
| Title | Heterodyne receiver for 3-5 THz with hot-electron bolometer mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5498 | Issue | Pages | 579-586 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy and planetary research need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently build for SOFIA and Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. The local oscillator and the mixer are the most critical components for a heterodyne receiver operating at 3-5 THz. The design and performance of an optically pumped THz gas laser optimized for this frequency band will be presented. In order to optimize the performance for this frequency hot electron bolometer mixers with different in-plane dimensions and logarithmic-spiral feed antennas have been investigated. Their noise temperatures and beam patterns were measured. Above 3 THz the best performance was achieved with a superconducting bridge of 2.0 x 0.2 μm2 incorporated in a logarithmic spiral antenna. The DSB noise temperatures were 2700 K, 4700 K and 6400 K at 3.1 THz, 4.3 THz and 5.2 THz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers up to at least 5 THz. | ||||
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| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1483 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hoogeveen, R. W. M.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Maurellis, A.; Koshelets, V. P.; Shitov, S. V.; Mair, U.; Krocka, M.; Wagner, G.; Birk, M.; Huebers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Ellison, B.N.; Kerridge, B.J.; Matheson, D. N.; Alderman, B.; Harman, M.; Siddans, R.; Reburn, J. | ||||
| Title | New cryogenic heterodyne techniques applied in TELIS: the balloonborne THz and submillimeter limb sounder for atmospheric research | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5152 | Issue | Pages | 347-355 | |
| Keywords | TELIS, limb sounder, heterodyne detection, terahertz, sub millimeter, cryogenic, limb sounding, balloon borne, atmospheric research | ||||
| Abstract | We present a design concept for a new state-of-the-art balloon borne atmospheric monitor that will allow enhanced limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere within the submillimeter and far-infrared wavelength spectral range: TELIS, TErahertz and submm LImb Sounder. The instrument is being developed by a consortium of major European institutes that includes the Space Research Organization of the Netherlands (SRON), the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) will utilize state-of-the-art superconducting heterodyne technology and is designed to be a compact, lightweight instrument cpaable of providing broad spectral coverage, high spectral resolution and long flight duration ( 24 hours duration during a single flight campaign). The combination of high sensitivity and extensive flight duration will allow evaluation of the diurnal variation of key atmospheric constitutenets sucyh as OH, HO2, ClO, BrO togehter will onger lived constituents such as O3, HCL and N2O. Furthermore, TELIS will share a common balloon platform to that of the MIPAS-B Fourier Transform Spectrometer, developed by the Institute of Meteorology and Climate research of the over an extended spectral range. The combination of the TELIS and MIPAS instruments will provide atmospheric scientists with a very powerful observational tool. TELIS will serve as a testbed for new cryogenic heterodyne detection techniques, and as such it will act as a prelude to future spaceborne instruments planned by the European Space Agency (ESA). | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Strojnik, M. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XI | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1508 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Sobolewski, R.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinsky, V.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon optical detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5123 | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present a new class of single-photon devices for counting of both visible and infrared photons. Our superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are characterized by the intrinsic quantum efficiency (QE) reaching up to 100%, above 10 GHz counting rate, and negligible dark counts. The detection mechanism is based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and operate at 4.2 K, well below the NbN superconducting transition temperature. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources in the wavelength range from 0.4 μm up to >3 μm were implemented in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector QE in the photon-counting mode, response time, and jitter. For our best 3.5-nm-thick, 10×10 μm2-area devices, QE was found to reach almost 100% for any wavelength shorter than about 800 nm. For longer-wavelength (infrared) radiation, QE decreased exponentially with the photon wavelength increase. Time-resolved measurements of our SSPDs showed that the system-limited detector response pulse width was below 150 ps. The system jitter was measured to be 35 ps. In terms of the counting rate, jitter, and dark counts, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. Already identifeid and implemented applications of our devices range from noninvasive testing of semiconductor VLSI circuits to free-space quantum communications and quantum cryptography. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Spigulis, J.; Teteris, J.; Ozolinsh, M.; Lusis, A. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Advanced Optical Devices, Technologies, and Medical Applications | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1513 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Verevkin, A. A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Drakinskij, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Currie, M. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for infrared wavelength quantum communications | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5105 | Issue | Pages | 160-170 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications, single-photon detector, quantum cryptography, quantum communications, superconducting devices | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a new class of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of infrared (IR) photons for secure quantum communications. The devices are operated on the quantum detection mechanism, based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The detectors are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and they operate at 4.2 K inside a closed-cycle refrigerator or liquid helium cryostat. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources have been used in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector experimental quantum efficiency (QE) in the photon-counting mode, response time, time jitter, and dark counts. Our 3.5-nm-thick SSPDs reached QE above 15% for visible light photons and 5% at 1.3 – 1.5 μm infrared range. The measured real-time counting rate was above 2 GHz and was limited by the read-out electronics (intrinsic response time is <30 ps). The measured jitter was <18 ps, and the dark counting rate was <0.01 per second. The measured noise equivalent power (NEP) is 2 x 10-18 W/Hz1/2 at λ = 1.3 μm. In near-infrared range, in terms of the counting rate, jitter, dark counts, and overall sensitivity, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. An ultrafast quantum cryptography communication technology based on SSPDs is proposed and discussed. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Donkor, E.; Pirich, A.R.; Brandt, H.E. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Quantum Information and Computation | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1514 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H. F.; Kollberg, E. L.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. | ||||
| Title | 1.4- to 1.7-THz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for the Herschel space observatory | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 4855 | Issue | Pages | 361-370 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | NbN hot- electron bolometer mixers have reached the level of 10hv/k in terms of the input noise temperature with the noise bandwidth of 4-6 GHz from subMM band up to 2.5 THz. In this paper we discuss the major characteristics of this kind of receiver, i.e. the gain and the noise bandwidth, the noise temperature in a wide RF band, bias regimes and optimisation of RF coupling to the quasioptical mixer. We present the status of the development of the mixer for Band 6 Low for Herschel Telescope. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Phillips, T.G.; Zmuidzinas, J. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1521 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Schubert, J.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Krabbe, A.; Roeser, H.-P. | ||||
| Title | NbN hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer for SOFIA | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 4014 | Issue | Pages | 195-202 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, airborne, stratospheric observatory, SOFIA | ||||
| Abstract | Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. We have investigated phonon- cooled NbN hot electron bolometric mixers in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The devices were 3.5 nm thin films with an in-plane dimension of 1.7 X 0.2 micrometers 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The best measured DSB receiver noise temperatures are 1300 K (0.7 THz), 2000 K (1.4 THz), 2100 K (1.6 THz), 2600 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz), and 8800 K (5.2 THz). The sensitivity fluctuation, the long term stability, and the antenna pattern were measured. The results demonstrate that this mixer is very well suited for GREAT, the German heterodyne receiver for SOFIA. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Melugin, R.K.; Roeser, H.-P. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Airborne Telescope Systems | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1554 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Yngvesson, K. S.; Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Ji, M.; Goyette, T. M.; Dickinson, J. C.; Waldman, J.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Low-noise HEB heterodyne receivers and focal plane arrays for the THz regime using NbN | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 3795 | Issue | Pages | 357-368 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed prototype HEB receivers using thin film superconducting NbN devices deposited on silicon substrates. The devices are quasi-optically coupled through a silicon lens and a self-complementary log-specific toothed antenna. We measured DSB receiver noise temperatures of 500 K (13 X hf/2k) at 1.56 THz and 1,100 K (20 X hf/2k) at 2.24 THz. Noise temperatures are expected to fall further as devices and quasi-optical coupling methods are being optimized. The measured 3 dB IF conversion gain bandwidth for one device was 3 GHz, and it is estimated that the bandwidth over which the receiver noise temperature is within 3 dB of its minimum value is 6.5 GHz which is sufficient for a number of practical applications. We will discuss our latest results and give a detailed description of our prototype setup and experiments. We will also discuss our plans for developing focal plane arrays with tens of Hot Electron Bolometric mixer elements on a single silicon substrate which will make real time imaging systems in the THz region feasible. | ||||
| Address | |||||
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| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Hwu, R.J.; Wu, K. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Terahertz and Gigahertz Photonics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1561 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J.; de Korte, P.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
| Volume | 5498 | Issue | Pages | 168-176 | |
| Keywords | Hot electron bolometers, bandwidth, noise temperature, experimental | ||||
| Abstract | NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are at this moment the best heterodyne detectors for frequencies above 1 THz. However, the fabrication procedure of these devices is such that the quality of the interface between the NbN superconducting film and the contact structure is not under good control. This results in a contact resistance between the NbN bolometer and the contact pad. We compare identical bolometers, with different NbN – contact pad interfaces, coupled with a spiral antenna. We find that cleaning the NbN interface and adding a thin additional superconductor prior to the gold contact deposition improves the noise temperature and the bandwidth of the HEB mixers with more than a factor of 2. We obtain a DSB noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and a Gain bandwidth of 5-6 GHz. For use in real receiver systems we design small volume (0.15x1 micron) HEB mixers with a twin slot antenna. We find that these mixers combine good sensitivity (900 K at 1.6 THz) with low LO power requirement, which is 160 – 240 nW at the Si lens of the mixer. This value is larger than expected from the isothermal technique and the known losses in the lens by a factor of 3-3.5. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1744 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Dauler, E. A.; Kerman, A. J.; Robinson, B. S.; Yang, J. K. W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Berggren, K. K. | ||||
| Title | Achieving high counting rates in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | JTuD3 (1 to 2) | ||
| Keywords | SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Photodetectors; Quantum optics; Quantum detectors; Photon counting; Photons; Pulse shaping; Quantum communications; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
| Abstract | Kinetic inductance is determined to be the primary limitation to the counting rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon counters. Approaches for overcoming this limitation will be discussed. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1451 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. | ||||
| Title | Terahertz Heterodyn Receiver with a hot-electron bolometer mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop | Abbreviated Journal | Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 3-24 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz (THz) heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a µW power from the local oscillator (LO). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, are of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated the performance of the receiver. This yields important information for the development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA) [1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR. | ||||
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| Publisher |
NASA | Place of Publication | Editor | Wolf, U.; Farhoomand, J.; McCreight, C.R. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | NASA CP | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Volume: 211408 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1537 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ryabchun, S.; Smirnov, A.; Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single photon detector integrated with optical cavity | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Proc. MLPLIT | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. MLPLIT |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 143-145 | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, cavity | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Suzdal / Vladimir (Russia) | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Modern laser physics and laser-information technologies for science and manufacture | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | 1st international russian-chinese conference / youthschool-workshop | ||
| Notes | September 23-28, 2011 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1385 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Maslennikova, A.; Larionov, P.; Ryabchun, S.; Smirnov, A.; Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Noise equivalent power and dynamic range of NBN hot-electron bolometers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Proc. MLPLIT | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. MLPLIT |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 146-148 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Suzdal / Vladimir (Russia) | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Modern laser physics and laser-information technologies for science and manufacture | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | 1st international russian-chinese conference / youthschool-workshop | ||
| Notes | September 23-28, 2011 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1386 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinskii, V. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | The gain bandwidth of mixers based on the electron heating effect in an ultrathin NbN film on a Si substrate with a buffer MgO layer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | J. of communications technol. & electronics | Abbreviated Journal | J. of communications technol. & electronics |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 671-675 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Measurements of the intermediate frequency band 900 GHz of mixers based on the electron heating effect (EHE) in 2-nm- and 3.5-nm-thick superconducting NbN films sputtered on MgO and Si substrates with buffer MgO layers are presented. A 2-nm-thick superconducting NbN film with a critical temperature of 9.2 K has been obtained for the first time using a buffer MgO layer. | ||||
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| Publisher |
MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, Birmingham, AL | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1064-2269 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17302119 (Полоса преобразования смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в ультратонких пленках NbN на подложках из Si с подслоем MgO) | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Vakhtomin2003 | Serial | 1522 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Shishkov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinski, V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | NbN HEB mixer noise temperature measurements with hot/cold load mounted inside the helium cryostat at 300 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. Int. Student Seminar on Microwave Appl. of Novel Physical Phenomena supported by IEEE | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Publisher |
LETI | Place of Publication | St.-Petersburg | Editor | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 324 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Seliverstov, S. V.; Rusova, A. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Attojoule energy resolution of direct detector based on hot electron bolometer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 741 | Issue | Pages | 012165 (1 to 5) | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB detector | ||||
| Abstract | We characterize superconducting antenna-coupled NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) for direct detection of THz radiation operating at a temperature of 9.0 K. At signal frequency of 2.5 THz, the measured value of the optical noise equivalent power is 2.0×10-13 W-Hz-0.5. The estimated value of the energy resolution is about 1.5 aJ. This value was confirmed in the experiment with pulsed 1.55-μm laser employed as a radiation source. The directly measured detector energy resolution is 2 aJ. The obtained risetime of pulses from the detector is 130 ps. This value was determined by the properties of the RF line. These characteristics make our detector a device-of-choice for a number of practical applications associated with detection of short THz pulses. | ||||
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| Publisher |
IOP Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Seliverstov_2016 | Serial | 1337 | ||
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| Author | Casaburi, A.; Ejrnaes, M.; Quaranta, O.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Lisitskiy, M.; Esposito, E.; Nappi, C.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S. | ||||
| Title | Experimental characterization of NbN nanowire optical detectors with parallel stripline configuration | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | Pages | 012265 (1 to 6) | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a novel geometrical configuration for NbN-based superconducting single photon optical detector (SSPD) that achieves two goals: a much lower intrinsic impedance, and a consequently greater bandwidth, and a much larger signal amplitude compared to the standard meandered configuration. This has been obtained by implementing a properly designed parallel stripline structure where a cascade switching mechanism occurs when one of the striplines is hit by an optical photon. The overall switching occurs synchronously and in a very short time, giving rise to a strong and fast voltage pulse. The SSPD have been realized using state of the art NbN deposition technology and e-beam lithography. The strips are 100 nm wide and 5 μm long and have been realized with 4 nm NbN film on sapphire and Si substrate. We report on experimental characterization of such novel devices. The performances of the proposed novel type of SSPD are compared with standard SSPD design and results in terms of signal amplitude, risetime and effective detection area. | ||||
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| Publisher |
IOP Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1742-6596 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2007) | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1416 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baryshev, A. M.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Callaos, N. | ||||
| Title | Twin-slot antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer mixers for space applications | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 9-th WMSCI | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 9-th WMSCI |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | Pages | 148-153 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
International Institute of Informatics and Systemics | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | 9806560639, 9789806560635 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1480 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 472-475 |
| Keywords | HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 371 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Blundell, R.; Kawamura, J. H.; Tong, C. E.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | A hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver for the 680-830 GHz frequency range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 18-20 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We describe a heterodyne receiver designed to operate in the partially transparent atmospheric windows centered on 680 and 830 GHz. The receiver incorporates a niobium nitride thin film, cooled to 4.2 K, as the phonon-cooled hot-electron mixer element. The double sideband receiver noise, measured over the frequency range 680-830 GHz, is typically 700-1300 K. The instantaneous output bandwidth of the receiver is 600 MHz. This receiver has recently been used at the SubMillimeter Telescope, jointly operated by the Steward Observatory and the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy, for observations of the neutral carbon and CO spectral lines at 810 GHz and at 806 and 691 GHz respectively. Laboratory measurements on a second mixer in the same test receiver have yielded extended high frequency performance to 1 THz. | ||||
| Address | Leeds, UK | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | 0-7803-4903-2 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | IEEE Sixth International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings. THZ 98. (Cat. No.98EX171) | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1581 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Low noise NbN superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers at 1.9 and 2.5 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 5 | Pages | S224-S228 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance between the bolometer itself and the contact structure. Using a combination of in situ cleaning of the NbN film and the use of an additional superconducting interlayer of a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au of the contact structure and the NbN film superior noise temperatures have been obtained as low as 950 K at 2.5 THz and 750 K at 1.9 THz. Here we address in detail the DC characterization of these devices, the interface transparencies between the bolometers and the contacts and the consequences of these factors on the mixer performance. | ||||
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| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 558 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Fabrication and characterisation of NbN HEB mixers with in situ gold contacts | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 62-67 | ||
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, NbN, in-situ contacts | ||||
| Abstract | We present our recent results of the fabrication and testing of NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers with in situ gold contacts. An intermediate frequency bandwidth of about 6 GHz has been measured for the mixers made of a 3.5-nm NbN film on a plane Si substrate with in situ gold contacts, compared to 3.5 GHz for devices made of the same film with ex situ gold contacts. The increase in the intermediate frequency bandwidth is attributed to additional diffusion cooling through the improved contacts, which is further supported by the its dependence on the bridge length: intermediate frequency bandwidths of 3.5 GHz and 6 GHz have been measured for devices with lengths of 0.35 μm and 0.16 μm respectively at a local oscillator frequency of 300 GHz near the superconducting transition. At a local oscillator frequency of 2.5 THz the receiver has offered a DSB noise temperature of 950 K. When compared to the previous result of 1300 K obtained at the same local oscillator frequency for devices fabricated with an ex situ route, such a low value of the noise temperature may also be attributed to the improved gold contacts. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Groningen, Netherlands | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 412 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Smirnov, A. V.; Larionov, P. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | NbZr films for THz phonon-cooled HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 44-47 | ||
| Keywords | HEB, NbZr, material search | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Groningen, Netherlands | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 577 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 92 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 241112 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
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| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 429 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Baselmans, J.; Kooi, J.; Baryshev, A.; Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Full characterization of small volume NbN HEB mixers for space applications | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 457-462 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | NbN phonon cooled HEB’s are one of the most promising bolometer mixer technologies for (near) future (space) applications. Their performance is usually quantified by mea- suring the receiver noise temperature at a given IF frequency, usually around 1 – 2 GHz. However, for any real applications it is vital that one fully knows all the relevant properties of the mixer, including LO power, stability, direct detection, gain bandwidth and noise bandwidth, not only the noise temperature at low IF frequencies. To this aim we have measured all these parameters at the optimal operating point of one single, small volume quasioptical NbN HEB mixer. We find a minimum noise temperature of 900 K at 1.46 THz. We observe a direct detection effect indicated by a change in bias current when changing from a 300 K hot load to a 77 K cold load. Due to this effect we overestimate the noise temperature by about 22% using a 300 K hot load and a 77 K cold load. The LO power needed to reach the optimal operating point is 80 nW at the receiver lens front, 59 nW inside the NbN bridge. However, using the isothermal technique we find a power absorbed in the NbN bridge of 25 nW, a difference of about a factor 2. We obtain a gain bandwidth of 2.3 GHz and a noise bandwidth of 4 GHz. The system Allan time is about 1 sec. in a 50 MHz spectral bandwidth and a deviation from white noise integration (governed by the radiometer equation) occurs at 0.2 sec., which implies a maximum integration time of a few seconds in a 1 MHz bandwidth spectrometer. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Göteborg, Sweden | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 363 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Hot electron bolometer mixer for 20 – 40 THz frequency range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 393-397 | ||
| Keywords | IR NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | The developed HEB mixer was based on a 5 nm thick NbN film deposited on a GaAs substrate. The active area of the film was patterned as a 30×20 μm 2 strip and coupled with a 50 Ohm coplanar line deposited in situ. An extended hemispherical germanium lens was used to focus the LO radiation on the mixer. The responsivity of the mixer was measured in a direct detection mode in the 25÷64 THz frequency range. The noise performance of the mixer and the directivity of the receiver were investigated in a heterodyne mode. A 10.6 μm wavelength CW CO 2 laser was utilized as a local oscillator. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Göteborg, Sweden | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 369 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 86 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 163503 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, direct detection effect | ||||
| Abstract | We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 377 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Quantum Electronics | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 698-700 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detectors are studied. The development of manufacturing technology of detectors and the reduction of their operating temperature down to 2 K resulted in a considerable increase in their quantum efficiency, which reached in the visible region (at 0.56 μm) 30%—40%, i.e., achieved the limit determined by the absorption coefficient of the film. The quantum efficiency exponentially decreases with increasing wavelength, being equal to ~20% at 1.55 μm and ~0.02% at 5 μm. For the dark count rate of ~10-4s-1, the experimental equivalent noise power was 1.5×10-20 W Hz-1/2; it can be decreased in the future down to the record low value of 5×10-21 W Hz-1/2. The time resolution of the detector is 30 ps. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 383 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Ozhegov, R.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
| Title | Spiral antenna coupled and directly coupled NbN HEB mixers in the frequency range from 1 to 70 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 177-179 | ||
| Keywords | directly coupled NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate both antenna coupled and directly coupled HEB mixers at several LO frequencies within the range of 2.5 THz to 70 THz. H20 (2.5+10.7 THz), and CO2 (30 THz) gas discharge lasers are used as the local oscillators. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixers is measured at LO frequencies of 2.5 THz, 3.8 THz, and 30 THz. The results for both antenna coupled and directly coupled mixer types are compared. The devices with in—plane dimensions of 5x5 ,um 2 are pumped by LO radiation at 10.7 THz. The directly coupled HEB demonstrates nearly flat dependence of responsivity on frequency in the range of 25+64 THz. | ||||
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| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Paris, France | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 386 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. ASC | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ SSPD_cavity_ASC | Serial | 389 | ||
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| Author | Delacour, C.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J.-Ph.; Pannetier, B.; Bouchiat, V.; de Lamaestre, R. Espiau; Villegier, J.-C.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 90 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 191116 (1 t0 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The authors present a fabrication technique of superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation of niobium nitride ultrathin films. Narrow superconducting meander lines are obtained by direct writing of insulating niobium oxynitride lines through the films using voltage-biased tip of an atomic force microscope. Due to the 30nm resolution of the lithographic technique, the filling factor of the meander line can be made substantially higher than detector of similar geometry made by electron beam lithography, thus leading to increased quantum efficiency. Single photon detection regime of these devices is demonstrated at 4.2K. The authors thank J.-P. Maneval for stimulating discussions. This work has been partly supported by ACI Nanoscience from French Ministry of Research, D.G.A., by Grant No. 02.445.11.7434 of Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and by the European Commission under project “SINPHONIA,” Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433. |
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 423 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Smirnov, K.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Ryabchun, S.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Polonsky, S. | ||||
| Title | Ultrathin NbN film superconducting single-photon detector array | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | Pages | 1081-1085 | |
| Keywords | SSPD array | ||||
| Abstract | We report on the fabrication process of the 2 × 2 superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) array. The SSPD array is made from ultrathin NbN film and is operated at liquid helium temperatures. Each detector is a nanowire-based structure patterned by electron beam lithography process. The advances in fabrication technology allowed us to produce highly uniform strips and preserve superconducting properties of the unpatterned film. SSPD exhibit up to 30% quantum efficiency in near infrared and up to 1% at 5-μm wavelength. Due to 120 MHz counting rate and 18 ps jitter, the time-domain multiplexing read-out is proposed for large scale SSPD arrays. Single-pixel SSPD has already found a practical application in non-invasive testing of semiconductor very-large scale integrated circuits. The SSPD significantly outperformed traditional single-photon counting avalanche diodes. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 408 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Yagubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Seidman, L.; Siomash, V.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | The bandwidth of HEB mixers employing ultrathin NbN films on sapphire substrate | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 290-302 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process | ||||
| Abstract | We report on some unusual features observed during fabrication of ultrathin NbN films with high Tc. The films were used to fabricate HEB mixers, which were evaluated for IF bandwidth measurements at 140 GHz. Ultrathin films were fabricated using reactive dc magnetron sputtering with a discharge current source. Reproducible parameters of the films are assured keeping constant the difference between the discharge voltage in pure argon, and in a gas mixture, for the same current. A maximum bandwidth of 4 GHz at optimal LO and dc bias was obtained for mixer chip based on NbN film 35 A thick with Tc = 11 K. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 266 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.; Cherednichenko, S. | ||||
| Title | Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 23-28 | ||
| Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 275 | |||
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| Author | Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Jian, H.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Dickinson, J.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Measured results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at 0.6-0.75 THz, 1.56 THz, and 2.5 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 105-114 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1587 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kawamura, J. H.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Blundell, R.; Cosmo Papa, D.; Hunter, T. R.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | An 800 GHz NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3753-3756 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We describe a heterodyne receiver developed for astronomical applications to operate in the 350 /spl mu/m atmospheric window. The waveguide receiver employs a superconductive NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer. The double sideband receiver noise temperature closely follows 1 kGHz/sup -1/ across 780-870 GHz, with the intermediate frequency centered at 1.4 GHz. The conversion loss is about 15 dB. The receiver was installed for operation at the University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Submillimeter Telescope facility. The instrument was successfully used to conduct test observations of a number of celestial sources in a number of astronomically important spectral lines. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 288 | |||
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| Author | Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H. W.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Wang, Z. | ||||
| Title | Hot electron bolometric mixers based on NbN films deposited on MgO substrates | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 167 | Issue | Pages | 687-690 | |
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Place of Publication | Barcelona, Spain | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | 4th Europ. Conf. on Appl. Superconductivity, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 297 | |||
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| Author | Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | Noise temperature of an NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 748-750 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We report on noise temperature measurements of an NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The devices were 3 nm thick films with in-plane dimensions 1.7 × 0.2 µm2 and 0.9 × 0.2 µm2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic-spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at seven frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz). | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 298 | |||
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| Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.–W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Frequency dependent noise temperature of the lattice cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 39-48 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We present the measurements and the theoretical model on the frequency dependent noise temperature of a lattice cooled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The experimentally observed increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the non-uniform distribution of the high frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs near the edges of the normal domain and contacts with normal metal. In addition, we present experimental results which show that the noise temperature of a HEB mixer can be reduced by about 30% due to a Parylene antireflection coating on the Silicon hyperhemispheric lens. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 305 | |||
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| Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Design and performance of the lattice-cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 6758-6767 |
| Keywords | HEB mixer, charge imbalance, HF current distribution | ||||
| Abstract | We present the measurements and the theoreticalmodel of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 306 | |||
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| Author | Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H. W.; Richter, H. | ||||
| Title | NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 962-965 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 312 | |||
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| Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | Local oscillator power requirement and saturation effects in NbN HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 273-285 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
| Abstract | The local oscillator power required for NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers (P LO ) was investigated with respect to mixer size, critical temperature and ambient temperature. P LO can be decreased by a factor of 10 as the mixer size decreases from 4×0.4 µm 2 to 0.6×0.13 µm 2 . For the smallest volume mixer the optimal local oscillator power was found to be 15 nW. We found that for such mixer no signal compression was observed up to an input signal of 2 nW which corresponds to an equivalent input load of 20,000 K. For a constant mixer volume, reduction of T c can decrease optimal local oscillator power at least by a factor of 2 without a deterioration of the receiver noise temperature. Bath temperature was found to have minor effect on the receiver characteristics. | ||||
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Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst.it.u.t.e of Technology | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 318 | |||
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| Author | Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 244-252 | ||
| Keywords | HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature | ||||
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Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 319 | |||
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| Author | Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A. D.; Richter, H.; Schubert, J.; Hadjiloucas, S.; Bowen, J. W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Antenna pattern of the quasi-optical hot-electron bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 286-296 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
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Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 323 | |||
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| Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | The sensitivity and IF bandwidth of waveguide NbN hot electron bolometer mixers on MgO buffer layers over crystalline quartz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 65-72 | ||
| Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed and characterized waveguide phonon-cooled NbN Hot Electron Bolometer (FMB) mixers fabricated from a 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on a 200nm thick MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. Double side band receiver noise temperatures of 900-1050 K at 1.035 THz, and 1300-1400 K at 1.26 THz have been measured at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency bandwidth, measured at 0.8 THz LO frequency, is 3.2 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harvard university | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 326 | |||
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| Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H.; Kolberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H. W. | ||||
| Title | A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 85-95 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We present a broadband and low noise heterodyne receiver for 1.4-1.7 THz designed for the Hershel Space Observatory. A phonon- cooled NbN HEB mixer was integrated with a normal metal double- slot antenna and an elliptical silicon lens. DSB receiver noise temperature Tr was measured from 1 GHz through 8GHz intermediate frequency band with 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. At 4.2 K bath temperature and at 1.6 THz LO frequency Tr is 800 K with the receiver noise bandwidth of 5 GHz. While at 2 K bath temperature Tr was as low as 700 K. At 0.6 THz and 1.1 THz a spiral antenna integrated NbN HEB mixer showed the receiver noise temperature 500 K and 800 K, though no antireflection coating was used in this case. Tr of 1100 K was achieved at 2.5 THz while the receiver noise bandwidth was 4 GHz. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harward University | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 332 | |||
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| Author | Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Improved NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 413-423 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance to Au pads. By adding either a 5 nm Nb or a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au and NbN, to preserve superconductivity in the NbN under the Au contact pad, superior noise temperatures have been obtained. Using DC I,V curves and resistive transitions in combination with process parameters we analyze the nature of these improved devices and determine interface transparencies. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Tucson, USA | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 337 | |||
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| Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Study of the IF bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers based on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 164-167 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we present the results of IF bandwidth measurements on 3-4 nm thick NbN hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers, which have been fabricated on a 200-nm thick MgO buffer layer deposited on a crystalline quartz substrate. The 3-dB IF bandwidth, measured at an LO frequency of 0.81 THz, is 3.7 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. We have also made measurements of the IF dynamic impedance, which allow us to evaluate the intrinsic electron temperature relaxation time and self-heating parameters at different bias conditions. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 341 | |||
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| Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinski, V. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 168-171 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We present recent results showing the development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for German receiver for astronomy at terahertz frequencies and terahertz limb sounder. The mixer is incorporated into a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and backed on a silicon lens. The hybrid antenna had almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern slightly broader than expected for a diffraction limited antenna. At 2.5 THz the best 2200 K double side-band receiver noise temperature was achieved across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. For this operation regime, a receiver conversion efficiency of -17 dB was directly measured and the loss budget was evaluated. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. Implementation of the MgO buffer layer on Si resulted in an increased 5.2 GHz gain bandwidth. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring a methanol emission line at 2.5 THz. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 343 | |||
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| Author | Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 236-241 | ||
| Keywords | HEB mixer, NbN, direct detection effect | ||||
| Abstract | We present the results of noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers based on a 3.5 nm NbN film deposited on a high-resistivity Si substrate with a 200 nm – thick MgO buffer layer. The mixer element was integrated with a log-periodic spiral antenna. The noise temperature measurements were performed at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz local oscillator frequencies for the 3 µm x 0.2 µm active area devices. The best uncorrected receiver noise temperatures found for these frequencies are 1300 K and 3100 K, respectively. A water vapour discharge laser was used as the LO source. We also present the results of direct detection contribution to the measured Y-factor and of a possible error of noise temperature calculation. This error was more than 8% for the mixer with in-plane dimensions of 2.4 x 0.16 µm 2 at the optimal noise temperature point. The use of a mesh filter enabled us to avoid the effect of direct detection and decrease optical losses by 0.5 dB. The paper is concluded by the investigation results of the mixer polarization response. It was shown that the polarization can differ from the circular one at 3.8 THz by more than 2 dB. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Northampton, Massachusetts, USA | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 344 | |||
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| Author | Maslennikov, S.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Antipov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | NbN HEB mixers for frequencies of 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004 | Serial | 349 | ||
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| Author | Antipov, S. V.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Noise performance of quasioptical ultrathin NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 5-th MSMW | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 5-th MSMW |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 592-594 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | To put space-based and airborne heterodyne instruments into operation at frequencies above 1 THz the superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) will be incorporated into heterodyne receiver as a mixer. At frequencies above 1.3 THz the sensitivity of the NbN HEB mixers outperform the one of the Schottky diodes and SIS-mixers, and the receiver noise temperature of the NbN HEB mixers increase with frequency. In this paper we present the results of the noise temperature measurements within one batch of NbN HEB mixers based on 3.5 mn thick superconducting NbN film grown on Si substrate with MgO buffer layer at the LO frequencies 2.5 THz and 3.8 THz. | ||||
| Address | Kharkov, Ukraine | ||||
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Place of Publication | Kharkov, Ukraine | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828) | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 351 | |||
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| Author | Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Noise temperature, gain bandwidth and local oscillator power of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixer at terahertz frequenciess | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 329-330 | ||
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| Abstract | We present the performances of HEB mixers based on 3.5 nm thick NbN film integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. The double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4.2 GHz and the noise bandwidth is 5 GHz. The local oscillator power is 1-3 /spl mu/W for mixers with different active area. | ||||
| Address | Karlsruhe, Germany | ||||
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Place of Publication | Karlsruhe, Germany | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ nt_ifb_lopow_qoheb_karlsruhe_2004 | Serial | 354 | ||
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| Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1958-1960 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 352 | |||
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| Author | Kaurova, N. S.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vahtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ilyin, K. S. | ||||
| Title | Submillimeter mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 1-st conf. Fundamental problems of high temperature superconductivity | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 291 | ||
| Keywords | HTS, HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Moscow-Zvenigorod | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Moscow-Zvenigorod | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 355 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Minaeva, O.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Rubtsova, I.; Divochiy, A.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Grabiec, P.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 246-251 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present an overview of the state-of-the-art of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our devices exhibit quantum efficiency (QE) of up to 30% in near-infrared wavelength and 0.4% at 5 mum, with a dark-count rate that can be as low as 10 -4 s -1 . The SSPD structures integrated with lambda/4 microcavities achieve a QE of 60% at telecommunication, 1550-nm wavelength. We have also developed a new generation of SSPDs that possess the QE of large-active-area devices, but, simultaneously, are characterized by low kinetic inductance that allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate with picosecond timing jitter. The improvements presented in the SSPD development, such as fiber-coupled SSPDs, make our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum computing. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 431 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
| Title | Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 5338-5340 |
| Keywords | SSPD, NEP, QE | ||||
| Abstract | We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength. | ||||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 532 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; de Korte, P.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | NbN hot electron bolometer mixers: sensitivity, LO power, direct detection and stability | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 484-489 |
| Keywords | HEB mixers, direct detection effect, stability, Allan variance | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. Both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, using a 0.4/spl times/4 /spl mu/m HEB mixer with a spiral antenna. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. To comply with current demands on THz mixers for use in space based receivers we reduce the device size to 0.15/spl times/1 /spl mu/m and use a twin slot antenna. We report measurements of the noise temperature, LO power requirement, stability and the direct detection effect, using a mixer with a 1.6 THz twin slot antenna and a 1.462 THz solid state LO source with calibrated output power. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 546 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Schwaab, G.W.; Sirmain, G.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | Investigation of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers at 2.5 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 4233-4236 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | The development of superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers has been a big step forward in the direction of quantum noise limited mixer performance at THz frequencies. Such mixers are crucial for the upcoming generation of airborne and spaceborne THz heterodyne receivers. In this paper we report on new results on a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer using e-beam lithography. The superconducting film is 3 nm thick. The mixer is 0.2 μm long and 1.5 μm wide and it is integrated in a spiral antenna on a Si substrate. The device is quasi-optically coupled through a Si lens and a dielectric beam combiner to the radiation of an optically pumped FIR ring gas laser cavity. The performance of the mixer at different THz frequencies from 0.69 to 2.55 THz with an emphasis on 2.52 THz is demonstrated. At 2.52 THz minimum DSB noise temperatures of 4200 K have been achieved at an IF of 1.5 GHz and a bandwidth of 40 MHz with the mixer mounted in a cryostat and a 0.8 m long signal path in air. | ||||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 550 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Krieg, J.-M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Desmaris, V. | ||||
| Title | Gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume | 101 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 124508 (1 to 6) |
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, membrane | ||||
| Abstract | The gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on electrically thin Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was experimentally investigated and compared with that of HEB mixers on bulk substrates. A gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz is achieved on bulk silicon, whereas the gain bandwidth is reduced down to 0.6–0.9 GHz for mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. We show that application of a MgO buffer layer on the membrane extends the gain bandwidth to 3 GHz. The experimental data were analyzed using the film-substrate acoustic mismatch approach. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 560 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Paine, S. N.; Patt, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
| Title | Superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver for 800-GHz operation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 683-689 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation, linearity, dynamic range | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we describe a superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver designed to operate in the partially transmissive 350-μm atmospheric window. The receiver employs an NbN thin-film microbridge as the mixer element, in which the main cooling mechanism of the hot electrons is through electron-phonon interaction. At a local-oscillator frequency of 808 GHz, the measured double-sideband receiver noise temperature is TRX=970 K, across a 1-GHz intermediate-frequency bandwidth centered at 1.8 GHz. We have measured the linearity of the receiver and the amount of local-oscillator power incident on the mixer for optimal operation, which is PLO≈1 μW. This receiver was used in making observations as a facility instrument at the Heinrich Hertz Telescope, Mt. Graham, AZ, during the 1998-1999 winter observing season. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0018-9480 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 573 | ||
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| Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 20th ISSTT |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 151-154 | ||
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, bandwidth, noise temperatue, in-situ contacts, in situ contacts | ||||
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Place of Publication | Charlottesville, USA | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 590 | |||
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| Author | Tretyakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G.N. | ||||
| Title | NbN HEB mixer: fabrication, noise temperature reduction and characterization | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. Basic problems of superconductivity | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate that in the terahertz region superconducting hot-electron mixers offer the lowest noise temperature, opening the possibility of using HTS's in the future to fabricate these devices. Specifically, a noise temperature of 950 K was measured for the receiver operating at 2.5 THz with a NbN HEB mixer, and a gain bandwidth of 6 GHz was measured at 300 GHz near Tc for the same mixer. | ||||
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| Publisher |
Place of Publication | Moscow-Zvenigorod | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 591 | |||
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| Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Low-noise wide-band hot-electron bolometer mixer based on an NbN film | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 576-582 |
| Keywords | HEB mixer, in-situ contacts, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth, diffusion cooling channel | ||||
| Abstract | We develop and study a hot-electron bolometer mixer made of a two-layer NbN–Au film in situ deposited on a silicon substrate. The double-sideband noise temperature of the mixer is 750 K at a frequency of 2.5 THz. The conversion efficiency measurements show that at the superconducting transition temperature, the intermediate-frequency bandwidth amounts to about 6.5 GHz for a mixer 0.112 μm long. These record-breaking characteristics are attributed to the improved contacts between a sensitive element and a helical antenna and are reached due to using the in situ deposition of NbN and Au layers at certain stages of the process. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 599 | |||
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| Author | Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Tarkhov, M.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | J. Modern Opt. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Modern Opt. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 1670-1680 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The state-of-the-art of the NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector technology (SSPD) is presented. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance at 2 K temperature: 30% quantum efficiency from visible to infrared, negligible dark count rate, single-photon sensitivity up to 5.6 µm. The recent achievements in the development of GHz counting rate devices with photon-number resolving capability is presented. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0950-0340 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ | Serial | 607 | ||
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| Author | Tret’yakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Lobastova, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Optimum absorbed heterodyne power for superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Tech. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Tech. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 1103-1105 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | Absorbed heterodyne power has been measured in a low-noise broadband hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer for the terahertz range, operating on the effect of electron heating in the resistive state of an ultrathin superconducting NbN film. It is established that the optimum absorbed heterodyne power for the HEB mixer operating at 2.5 THz is about 100 nW. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1063-7850 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1389 | |||
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| Author | Manova, N. N.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Slysz, W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting NbN single-photon detector integrated with quarter-wave resonator | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Tech. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Tech. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 469-471 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency of superconducting NbN single-photon detectors integrated with quarter-wave resonators based on Si3N4, SiO2, and SiO layers has been studied. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 664 | ||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Finkel, M.; Maslennikov, S.; Korneeva, Yu.; Florya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Elezov, M.; Ryabchun, S.; Tretyakov, I.; Isupova, A.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting NbN terahertz detectors and infrared photon counters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Вестник НГУ. Серия: физ. | Abbreviated Journal | Вестник НГУ. Серия: физ. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 68-72 |
| Keywords | HEB; HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | We present our recent achievements in the development of sensitive and ultrafast thin-film superconducting sensors: hot-electron bolometers (HEB), HEB-mixers for terahertz range and infrared single-photon counters. These sensors have already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many terahertz and optical applications. Keywords: Hot electron bolometer mixers, infrared single-photon detectors, superconducting device fabrication, superconducting NbN films. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1818-7994 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | УДК 538.9 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 708 | ||
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| Author | Lobanov, Y.; Tong, E.; Blundell, R.; Hedden, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Large-signal frequency response of an HEB mixer: from 300 MHz to terahertz | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 628-631 |
| Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We present a study of the large signal frequency response of an HEB mixer over a wide frequency range. In our experiments, we have subjected the HEB mixer to incident electromagnetic radiation from 0.3 GHz to 1 THz. The mixer element is an NbN film deposited on crystalline quartz. The mixer chip is mounted in a waveguide cavity, coupled to free space with a diagonal horn. At microwave frequencies, electromagnetic radiation is applied through the coaxial bias port of the mixer block. At higher frequencies the input signal passes via the diagonal horn feed. At each frequency, the incident power is varied and a family of I-V curves is recorded. From the curves we identify 3 distinct regimes of operation of the mixer separated by the phonon relaxation frequency and the superconducting energy gap frequency observed at about 3 GHz and 660 GHz respectively. In this paper, we will present observed curves and discuss the results of our experiment. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 719 | ||
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| Author | Lobanov, Y.V.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Hedden, A.S.; Blundell, R.; Voronov, B.M.; Gol'tsman, G.N. | ||||
| Title | Direct measurement of the gain and noise bandwidths of HEB mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 645-648 |
| Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | The intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of a hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is an important parameter of the mixer, in that it helps to determine its suitability for a given application. With the availability of wideband low noise amplifiers, it is simple to measure the performance of an HEB mixer over a wide range of IF at a fixed LO frequency using the standard Y-factor method. This in-situ method allows us to measure both the gain and noise bandwidths simultaneously. We have also measured mixer output impedance with a vector network analyser. Intrinsic time constant has been extracted from the impedance data and compared to the mixer's bandwidths determined from receiver Y-factor measurement. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 720 | ||
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| Author | Seleznev, V. A.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Lyakhno, V. Yu; Garbuz, A. S.; Mikhailov, M. Yu; Zhigalina, O. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Deposition and characterization of few-nanometers-thick superconducting Mo-Re films | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 115006 (1 to 6) |
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| Abstract | We report on the fabrication and investigation of few-nanometers-thick superconducting molybdenum-rhenium (Mo-Re) films intended for use in nanowire single-photon superconducting detectors (SSPDs). Mo-Re films were deposited on sapphire substrates by DC magnetron sputtering of an Mo(60)-Re(40) alloy target in an atmosphere of argon. The films 2-10 nm thick had critical temperatures (Tc) from 5.6 to 9.7 K. HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) analysis showed that the films had a homogeneous structure. XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis showed the Mo to Re atom ratio to be 0.575/0.425, oxygen concentration to be 10%, and concentration of other elements to be 1%. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 723 | ||
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| Author | Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Finkel, M.; Maslennikov, S.; Semenov, A.; Voronov, B. M.; Rodin, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer for operation in the near-IR frequency range | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2300704 (1 to 4) |
| Keywords | HEB mixer, IR, optical antenna | ||||
| Abstract | Traditionally, hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers are employed for THz and “super-THz” heterodyne detection. To explore the near-IR spectral range, we propose a fiber-coupled NbN film based HEB mixer. To enhance the incident-light absorption, a quasi-antenna consisting of a set of parallel stripes of gold is used. To study the antenna effect on the mixer performance, we have experimentally studied a set of devices with different size of the Au stripe and spacing between the neighboring stripes. With use of the well-known isotherm technique we have estimated the absorption efficiency of the mixer, and the maximum efficiency has been observed for devices with the smallest pitch of the alternating NbN and NbN-Au stripes. Also, a proper alignment of the incident Eâƒ<2014>-field with respect to the stripes allows us to improve the coupling further. Studying IV-characteristics of the mixer under differently-aligned Eâƒ<2014>-field of the incident radiation, we have noticed a difference in their shape. This observation suggests that a difference exists in the way the two waves with orthogonal polarizations parallel and perpendicular Eâƒ<2014>-field to the stripes heat the electrons in the HEB mixer. The latter results in a variation in the electron temperature distribution over the HEB device irradiated by the two waves. | ||||
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| Call Number | Serial | 952 | |||
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| Author | Seliverstov, S.; Maslennikov, S.; Ryabchun, S.; Finkel, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Kaurova, N.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Fast and sensitive terahertz direct detector based on superconducting antenna-coupled hot electron bolometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2300304 |
| Keywords | HEB detector responsivity, HEB model, numerical calculations, numerical model | ||||
| Abstract | We characterize superconducting antenna-coupled hot-electron bolometers for direct detection of terahertz radiation operating at a temperature of 9.0 K. The estimated value of responsivity obtained from lumped-element theory is strongly different from the measured one. A numerical calculation of the detector responsivity is developed, using the Euler method, applied to the system of heat balance equations written in recurrent form. This distributed element model takes into account the effect of nonuniform heating of the detector along its length and provides results that are in better agreement with the experiment. At a signal frequency of 2.5 THz, the measured value of the optical detector noise equivalent power is 2.0 × 10-13 W · Hz-0.5. The value of the bolometer time constant is 35 ps. The corresponding energy resolution is about 3 aJ. This detector has a sensitivity similar to that of the state-of-the-art sub-millimeter detectors operating at accessible cryogenic temperatures, but with a response time several orders of magnitude shorter. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 953 | |||
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| Author | Gol’tsman, G.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Dzardanov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Semenov, A.; Voronov, B.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fabrication and properties of an ultrafast NbN hot-electron single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 574-577 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | A new type of ultra-high-speed single-photon counter for visible and near-infrared wavebands based on an ultrathin NbN hot-electron photodetector (HEP) has been developed. The detector consists of a very narrow superconducting stripe, biased close to its critical current. An incoming photon absorbed by the stripe produces a resistive hotspot and causes an increase in the film’s supercurrent density above the critical value, leading to temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the device and an easily measurable voltage pulse. Our NbN HEP is an ultrafast (estimated response time is 30 ps; registered time, due to apparatus limitations, is 150 ps), frequency unselective device with very large intrinsic gain and negligible dark counts. We have observed sequences of output pulses, interpreted as single-photon events for very weak laser beams with wavelengths ranging from 0.5 /spl mu/m to 2.1 /spl mu/m and the signal-to-noise ratio of about 30 dB. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1547 | |||
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| Author | Hajenius, M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Local resistivity and the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 495-498 |
| Keywords | HEB mixer distributed model, HEB distributed model, distributed HEB model | ||||
| Abstract | Hot-electron bolometer devices, used successfully in low noise heterodyne mixing at frequencies up to 2.5 THz, have been analyzed. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, is used to model pumped IV curves and understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We argue that the mixing is predominantly due to the strongly temperature dependent local resistivity of the NbN. Experimentally we identify the origins of different transition temperatures in a real HEB device, suggesting the importance of the intrinsic resistive transition of the superconducting bridge in the modeling. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 980 | |||
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| Author | Dzardanov, A.; Ekstrom, H.; Gershenzon, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Jacobsson, S.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Okunev, O.; Voronov, B.; Yngvesson, S. | ||||
| Title | Hot-electron superconducting mixers for 20-500 GHz operation | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Proc. Int. Conf. on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Appl. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 2250 | Issue | 4D | Pages | 276-278 |
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| Abstract | Bolometdcmucers based on Nb and NbN superconducting thin films in the resistive state have been prepared for 20, 100 GHz and 350-500 GHz operation. The mixing mechanism is presumably of electron heating origin. Our measurements indicate that a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB can rather easily be achieved, and that the noise is reasonably low. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are discussed. For NbN films the availability of nearly 1 GHz IF bandwidth is experimentally demonstrated. NbN hot-electron mucers combined with slot-line tapered antenna on Si membrane or with double-dipole antenna on SiO^ substrate have been fabricated. The devices we study are considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ phisix @ | Serial | 981 | ||
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| Author | Gol’tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Seleznev, V.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
| Title | Middle-infrared ultrafast superconducting single photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | 32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE | Abbreviated Journal | 32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 115-116 | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present the results of the research on quantum efficiency of the ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) in the wavelength rage from 1 mum to 5.7 mum. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of ~1 % at 5.7 mum wavelength with the SSPD made from 4-nm-thick NbN film. In a pursuit of further performance improvement we endeavored SSPD fabricating from 4-nm-thick MoRe film as an alternative material. The MoRe film exhibited transition temperature of 7.7K, critical current density at 4.2 K temperature was 1.1times10 6 A/cm 2 , and diffusivity 1.73 cmVs. The single-photon response was observed with MoRe SSPD at 1.3 mum wavelength with quantum efficiency estimated to be 0.04%. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1246 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | New advanced generation of superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors capable of photon number resolving | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | Pages | 012307 (1 to 6) | |
| Keywords | PNR SSPD; SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our latest generation of ultrafast superconducting NbN single-photon detectors (SSPD) capable of photon-number resolving (PNR). We have developed, fabricated and tested a multi-sectional design of NbN nanowire structures. The novel SSPD structures consist of several meander sections connected in parallel, each having a resistor connected in series. The novel SSPDs combine 10 μm × 10 μm active areas with a low kinetic inductance and PNR capability. That resulted in a significantly reduced photoresponse pulse duration, allowing for GHz counting rates. The detector's response magnitude is directly proportional to the number of incident photons, which makes this feature easy to use. We present experimental data on the performances of the PNR SSPDs. The PNR SSPDs are perfectly suited for fibreless free-space telecommunications, as well as for ultrafast quantum cryptography and quantum computing. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1742-6596 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1245 | |||
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| Author | Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single-photon nanostructured detectors for advanced optical applications | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. Symposium on Photonics Technologies for 7th Framework Program | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 400 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin-film nanostructures and operated at liquid helium temperatures. The SSPDs are made of ultrathin NbN films (2.5-4 nm thick, Tc= 9-11K) as meander-shaped nanowires covering the area of 10× 10 µm2. Our detectors are operated at the temperature well below the critical temperature Tc and are DC biased by a current Ib close to the meander critical current Ic. The operation principle of the detector is based on the use of the resistive region in a narrow ultra-thin superconducting stripe upon the absorption of an incident photon. The developed devices demonstrate high sensitivity and response speed in a broadband range from UV to mid-IR (up to 6 µm), making them very attractive for advanced optical technologies, which require efficient detectors of single quanta and low-density optical radiation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ chulkova2006superconducting | Serial | 1021 | ||
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| Author | Kitaygorsky, J.; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Pan, D.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R.R. | ||||
| Title | Dark counts in nanostructured nbn superconducting single-photon detectors and bridges | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 275-278 |
| Keywords | SSPD; SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our studies on dark counts, observed as transient voltage pulses, in current-biased NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), as well as in ultrathin (~4 nm), submicrometer-width (100 to 500 nm) NbN nanobridges. The duration of these spontaneous voltage pulses varied from 250 ps to 5 ns, depending on the device geometry, with the longest pulses observed in the large kinetic-inductance SSPD structures. Dark counts were measured while the devices were completely isolated (shielded by a metallic enclosure) from the outside world, in a temperature range between 1.5 and 6 K. Evidence shows that in our two-dimensional structures the dark counts are due to the depairing of vortex-antivortex pairs caused by the applied bias current. Our results shed some light on the vortex dynamics in 2D superconductors and, from the applied point of view, on intrinsic performance of nanostructured SSPDs. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1248 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Procedia | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Procedia |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | Pages | 72-76 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1875-3892 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1382 | |||
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| Author | Kitaygorsky, Jennifer; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fluctuations in two-dimensional superconducting NbN nanobridges and nanostructures meanders | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Proc. APS March Meeting | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. APS March Meeting |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 1 | Pages | L9.00013 |
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| Abstract | We have observed fluctuations, manifested as sub-nanosecond to nanosecond transient, millivolt-amplitude voltage pulses, generated in two-dimensional NbN nanobridges, as well as in extended superconducting meander nanostructures, designed for single photon counting. Both nanobridges and nano-stripe meanders were biased at currents close to the critical current and measured in a range of temperatures from 1.5 to 8 K. During the tests, the devices were blocked from all incoming radiation by a metallic enclosure and shielded from any external magnetic fields. We attribute the observed spontaneous voltage pulses to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-type fluctuations, where the high enough applied bias current reduces the binding energy of vortex-antivortex pairs and, subsequently, thermal fluctuations break them apart causing the order parameter to momentarily reduce to zero, which in turn causes a transient voltage pulse. The duration of the voltage pulses depended on the device geometry (with the high-kinetic inductance meander structures having longer, nanosecond, pulses) while their rate was directly related to the biasing current as well as temperature. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1027 | |||
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| Author | Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Chulkova, G. M.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer, direct detector and IR single-photon counter | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | 35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-1 | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, HEB | ||||
| Abstract | We present a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) and hot-electron superconducting sensors with record characteristic for many terahertz and optical applications. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2162-2027 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ goltsman2010superconducting | Serial | 1028 | ||
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| Author | Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single photon nanowire detectors development for IR and THz applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Low Temp. Phys. |
| Volume | 151 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 591-596 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our progress in the development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on meander-shaped nanowires made from few-nm-thick superconducting films. The SSPDs are operated at a temperature of 2–4.2 K (well below T c ) being biased with a current very close to the nanowire critical current at the operation temperature. To date, the material of choice for SSPDs is niobium nitride (NbN). Developed NbN SSPDs are capable of single photon counting in the range from VIS to mid-IR (up to 6 μm) with a record low dark counts rate and record-high counting rate. The use of a material with a low transition temperature should shift the detectors sensitivity towards longer wavelengths. We present state-of-the art NbN SSPDs as well as the results of our recent approach to expand the developed SSPD technology by the use of superconducting materials with lower T c , such as molybdenum rhenium (MoRe). MoRe SSPDs first were made and tested; a single photon response was obtained. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-2291 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1244 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Larionov, P. A.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Trifonov, A. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Rus. J. Radio Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
| Volume | Issue | 5 | Pages | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres. | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | 8 pages | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevir | Serial | 1043 | ||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors capable of photon number resolving | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Supercond. News Forum | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. News Forum |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | PNR SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our latest generation of ultra-fast superconducting NbN single-photon detectors (SSPD) capable of photon-number resolving (PNR). The novel SSPDs combine 10 μm x 10 μm active area with low kinetic inductance and PNR capability. That resulted in significantly reduced photoresponse pulse duration, allowing for GHz counting rates. The detector’s response magnitude is directly proportional to the number of incident photons, which makes this feature easy to use. We present experimental data on the performance of the PNR SSPDs. These detectors are perfectly suited for fibreless free-space telecommunications, as well as for ultra-fast quantum cryptography and quantum computing. | ||||
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| Notes | Reference No. ST34, paper # 012307, eventually not pulished (skipped) at https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/0953-2048/21/1 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevsuperconducting | Serial | 1046 | ||
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| Author | Kitaygorsky, J.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sergeev, A.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Origin of dark counts in nanostructured NbN single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 545-548 |
| Keywords | SSPD dark counts, SNSPD, dark counts rate | ||||
| Abstract | We present our study of dark counts in ultrathin (3.5 to 10 nm thick), narrow (120 to 170 nm wide) NbN superconducting stripes of different lengths. In experiments, where the stripe was completely isolated from the outside world and kept at temperature below the critical temperature Tc, we detected subnanosecond electrical pulses associated with the spontaneous appearance of the temporal resistive state. The resistive state manifested itself as generation of phase-slip centers (PSCs) in our two-dimensional superconducting stripes. Our analysis shows that not far from Tc, PSCs have a thermally activated nature. At lowest temperatures, far below Tc, they are created by quantum fluctuations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1057 | |||
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| Author | Tret'yakov, I. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Anfert'ev, V. A.; Revin, L. S.; Vaks, V. L.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | The influence of the diffusion cooling on the noise band of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer operating in the terahertz range | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Tech. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 42 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 563-566 |
| Keywords | HEB, noise bandwidth, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature, Andreev reflection | ||||
| Abstract | Results of an experimental study of the noise temperature (Tn) and noise bandwidth (NBW) of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer as a function of its temperature (Tb) are presented. It was determined that the NBW of the mixer is significantly wider at temperatures close to the critical ones (Tc) than are values measured at 4.2 K. The NBW of the mixer measured at the heterodyne frequency of 2.5 THz at temperature Tb close to Tc was ~13 GHz, as compared with 6 GHz at Tb = 4.2 K. This experiment clearly demonstrates the limitation of the thermal flow from the NbN bridge at Tb â‰<aa> Tc for mixers manufactured by the in situ technique. This limitation is close in its nature to the Andreev reflection on the superconductor/ metal boundary. In this case, the noise temperature of the studied mixer increased from 1100 to 3800 K. | ||||
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| Call Number | Serial | 1106 | |||
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| Author | Shcherbatenko, M.; Tretyakov, I.; Lobanov, Yu.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N.; Finkel, M.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
| Title | Nonequilibrium interpretation of DC properties of NbN superconducting hot electron bolometers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 132602 |
| Keywords | HEB mixer, contacts | ||||
| Abstract | We present a physically consistent interpretation of the dc electrical properties of niobiumnitride (NbN)-based superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers, using concepts of nonequilibrium superconductivity. Through this, we clarify what physical information can be extracted from the resistive transition and the dc current-voltage characteristics, measured at suitably chosen temperatures, and relevant for device characterization and optimization. We point out that the intrinsic spatial variation of the electronic properties of disordered superconductors, such as NbN, leads to a variation from device to device. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1107 | |||
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