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| Author | Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Tichelaar, F. D.; Voronov, B.; Grishina, E.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gol'tsman, G.; Zorman, C. A. | ||||
| Title | Can NbN films on 3C-SiC/Si change the IF bandwidth of hot electron bolometer mixers? | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 187-189 | ||
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We realized ultra thin NbN films sputtered grown on a 3C-SiC/Si substrate. The film with a thickness of 3.5-4.5 nm shows a 1', of 11.8 K, which is the highest I`, observed among ultra thin NbN films on different substrates. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies show that the film has a monocrystalline structure, confirming the epitaxial growth on the 3C-SiC. Based on a two-temperature model and input parameters from standard NbN films on Si, simulations predict that the new film can increase the IF bandwidth of a HEB mixer by about a factor of 2 in comparison to the standard films. In addition, we find standard NbN films on Si with a T c of 9.4 K have a thickness of around 5.5 nm, being thicker than expected (3.5 nm). | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1439 | |||
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| Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Maslennikov, S.; Finkel, M.; Antipov, S.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Polyakov, S.; Vachtomin, Y.; Svechnikov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B. | ||||
| Title | Nanostructured ultrathin NbN film as a terahertz hot-electron bolometer mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. MRS | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. MRS |
| Volume | 935 | Issue | Pages | 210 (1 to 6) | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Planar spiral antenna coupled and directly lens coupled NbN HEB mixer structures are studied. An additional MgO buffer layer between the superconducting film and Si substrate is introduced. The buffer layer enables us to increase the gain bandwidth of a HEB mixer due to better acoustic transparency. The gain bandwidth is widened as NbN film thickness decreases and amounts to 5.2 GHz. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixer is 1300 and 3100 K at 2.5 and 3.8 THz respectively. The structure and composition of NbN films is investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy methods. Noise performance degradation at LO frequencies more than 3 THz is due to the use of a planar antenna and signal loss in contacts between the antenna and the sensitive NbN bridge. The mixer is reconfigured for operation at higher frequencies in a manner that receiver’s noise temperature is only 2300 K (3 times of quantum limit) at LO frequency of 30 THz. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0272-9172 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1440 | |||
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| Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Influence of the direct response on the heterodyne sensitivity of hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume | 100 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 084510 (1 to 7) |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We present a detailed experimental study of the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 673GHz. We find that the small signal noise temperature, relevant for an astronomical observation, is 20% lower than the noise temperature obtained using 300 and 77K calibration loads. In a separate set of experiments we show that the direct detection effect is caused by a combination of bias current reduction when switching from the 77 to the 300K load in combination with the bias current dependence of the receiver gain. The bias current dependence of the receiver gain is shown to be mainly caused by the current dependence of the mixer gain. |
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| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1442 | |||
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| Author | Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Submillimeter superconducting receivers for astronomy, atmospheric studies and other applications | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | 31nd IRMW / 14th ICTE | Abbreviated Journal | 31nd IRMW / 14th ICTE |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 177 | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Joint 31st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Teraherz Electronics | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1443 | |||
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| Author | Kooi, J. W.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Schieder, R.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J.R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Stability of heterodyne terahertz receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume | 100 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 064904 (1 to 9) |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper we discuss the stability of heterodyne terahertz receivers based on small volume NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometers (HEBs). The stability of these receivers can be broken down in two parts: the intrinsic stability of the HEB mixer and the stability of the local oscillator (LO) signal injection scheme. Measurements show that the HEB mixer stability is limited by gain fluctuations with a 1∕f spectral distribution. In a 60MHz noise bandwidth this results in an Allan variance stability time of ∼0.3s. Measurement of the spectroscopic Allan variance between two intermediate frequency (IF) channels results in a much longer Allan variance stability time, i.e., 3s between a 2.5 and a 4.7GHz channel, and even longer for more closely spaced channels. This implies that the HEB mixer 1∕f noise is strongly correlated across the IF band and that the correlation gets stronger the closer the IF channels are spaced. In the second part of the paper we discuss atmospheric and mechanical system stability requirements on the LO-mixer cavity path length. We calculate the mixer output noise fluctuations as a result of small perturbations of the LO-mixer standing wave, and find very stringent mechanical and atmospheric tolerance requirements for receivers operating at terahertz frequencies. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1444 | |||
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| Author | Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Quasioptical hot electron bolometer mixers based on thin NBN films for terahertz region | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 688-689 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Presented in this paper are the performances of HEB mixers based on 2-3.5 nm thick NbN films integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. Double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. Mixer gain bandwidth is 5.2 GHz. Local oscillator power is 1-3 muW for mixers with different active area | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1445 | |||
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| Author | Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Антипов, С. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Смирнов, К. В.; Поляков, С. Л.; Чжан, В.; Свечников, С. И.; Каурова, Н. С.; Гришина, Е. В.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н. | ||||
| Title | Квазиоптические смесители терагерцового диапазона на основе эффекта разогрева электронов в тонких пленках NbN | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 688-689 | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | Представлены результаты измерения рактеристик смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в тонких сверхпроводниковых пленках NbN. Смесители были изготовлены на основе пленок NbN толщиной 2-3.5 нм осажденных на кремниевую подложку с буферным подсло- ем MgO. Смесительный элемент согласовывался с планар- ной логопериодической спиральной антенной. Лучшее зна- чение шумовой температуры приемника на основе NbN смесителя составило 1300 К и 3100 К на частотах гетеро- дина 2.5 TГц и 3.8 ТГц, соответственно. Максимальное зна- чение полосы преобразования, измеренной на частоте 900 |Ц, достигло значения 5.2 ГГц для смесителя изготовлен- ного из NbN пленки толщиной 2 нм. Оптимальная мощность Представлены результаты измерения ха- гетеродинного источника составила 1-3 мкВт для смесите- лей с различным объемом смесительного элемента. | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Duplicated as 1445 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1446 | |||
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| Author | Smirnov, K.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochij, A.; Rubtsova, I.; Antipov, A.; Ryabchun, S.; Okunev, O.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Korotetskaya, Y.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single-photon detector for near- and middle IR wavelength range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 684-685 | |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Presented in this paper are the results of research of NbN-film superconducting single-photon detector. At 2 K temperature, quantum efficiency in the visible light (0.56 mum) reaches 30-40 %. With the wavelength increase quantum efficiency decreases and comes to 20% at 1.55 mum and 0.02% at 5.6 mum. Minimum dark counts rate is 2times10-4s-1. The jitter of detector is 35 ps. The detector was successfully implemented for integrated circuits non-invasive optical testing. It is also perspective for quantum cryptography systems | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1447 | |||
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| Author | Jiang, Ling; Miao, Wei; Zhang, Wen; Li, Ning; Lin, Zhen Hui; Yao, Qi Jun; Shi, Sheng-Cai; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Characterization of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn. |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 2944-2948 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer, cryogenically cooled by a close-cycled 4-K refrigerator, is thoroughly investigated at 300, 500, and 850 GHz. The lowest receiver noise temperatures measured at the respective three frequencies are 1400, 900, and 1350 K, which can go down to 659, 413, and 529 K, respectively, after correcting the loss and associated noise contribution of the quasi-optical system before the measured superconducting HEB mixer. The stability of the quasi-optical superconducting HEB mixer is also investigated here. The Allan variance time measured with a local oscillator pumping at 500 GHz and an IF bandwidth of 110 MHz is 1.5 s at the dc-bias voltage exhibiting the lowest noise temperature and increases to 2.5 s at a dc bias twice that voltage. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0018-9480 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1448 | |||
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| Author | Słysz, W.; Węgrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Zwiller, V.; Latta, C.; Bohi, P.; Milostnaya, I.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Komissarov, I.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fiber-coupled single-photon detectors based on NbN superconducting nanostructures for practical quantum cryptography and photon-correlation studies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 261113 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We have fabricated and tested a two-channel single-photon detector system based on two fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our best device reached the system quantum efficiency of 0.3% in the 1540-nm telecommunication wavelength with a fiber-to-detector coupling factor of about 30%. The photoresponse consisted of 2.5-ns-wide voltage pulses with a rise time of 250ps and timing jitter below 40ps. The overall system response time, measured as a second-order, photon cross-correlation function, was below 400ps. Our SSPDs operate at 4.2K inside a liquid-helium Dewar, but their optical fiber inputs and electrical outputs are at room temperature. Our two-channel detector system should find applications in practical quantum cryptography and in antibunching-type quantum correlation measurements. The authors would like to thank Dr. Marc Currie for his assistance in early time-resolved photoresponse measurements and Professor Atac Imamoglu for his support. This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science under Project No. 3 T11B 052 26 (Warsaw), RFBR 03-02-17697 and INTAS 03-51-4145 grants (Moscow), CRDF Grant No. RE2-2531-MO-03 (Moscow), RE2-2529-MO-03 (Moscow and Rochester), and US AFOSR FA9550-04-1-0123 (Rochester). Additional funding was provided by the grants from the MIT Lincoln Laboratory and BBN Technologies Corp. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1449 | |||
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