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Author Casaburi, A.; Ejrnaes, M.; Quaranta, O.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Lisitskiy, M.; Esposito, E.; Nappi, C.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Experimental characterization of NbN nanowire optical detectors with parallel stripline configuration Type Conference Article
  Year 2008 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume 97 Issue Pages 012265 (1 to 6)  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We have developed a novel geometrical configuration for NbN-based superconducting single photon optical detector (SSPD) that achieves two goals: a much lower intrinsic impedance, and a consequently greater bandwidth, and a much larger signal amplitude compared to the standard meandered configuration. This has been obtained by implementing a properly designed parallel stripline structure where a cascade switching mechanism occurs when one of the striplines is hit by an optical photon. The overall switching occurs synchronously and in a very short time, giving rise to a strong and fast voltage pulse. The SSPD have been realized using state of the art NbN deposition technology and e-beam lithography. The strips are 100 nm wide and 5 μm long and have been realized with 4 nm NbN film on sapphire and Si substrate. We report on experimental characterization of such novel devices. The performances of the proposed novel type of SSPD are compared with standard SSPD design and results in terms of signal amplitude, risetime and effective detection area.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) IOP Publishing Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1742-6596 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2007)  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1416  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Zhang, Jin; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. doi  openurl
  Title Response time characterization of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 180-183  
  Keywords SSPD jitter, SNSPD jitter  
  Abstract We report our time-resolved measurements of NbN-based superconducting single-photon detectors. The structures are meander-type, 10-nm thick, and 200-nm wide stripes and were operated at 4.2 K. We have shown that the NbN devices can count single-photon pulses with below 100-ps time resolution. The response signal pulse width was about 150 ps, and the system jitter was measured to be 35 ps.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) IEEE Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1058  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Steudle, Gesine A.; Schietinger, Stefan; Höckel, David; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zadeh, Iman E.; Zwiller, Valery; Benson, Oliver doi  openurl
  Title Measuring the quantum nature of light with a single source and a single detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Phys. Rev. A Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 86 Issue 5 Pages 053814  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, saturation count rates, dead time, dynamic range  
  Abstract An elementary experiment in optics consists of a light source and a detector. Yet, if the source generates nonclassical correlations such an experiment is capable of unambiguously demonstrating the quantum nature of light. We realized such an experiment with a defect center in diamond and a superconducting detector. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury Brown and Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, creating the false impression that the beam splitter is a fundamentally required element. As an additional benefit, our results provide a simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) American Physical Society Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1089  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 92 Issue 24 Pages 241112 (1 to 3)  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 429  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sobolewski, Roman; Xu, Ying; Zheng, Xuemei; Williams, Carlo; Zhang, Jin; Verevkin, Aleksandr; Chulkova, Galina; Korneev, Alexander; Lipatov, Andrey; Okunev, Oleg; Smirnov, Konstantin; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. url  openurl
  Title Spectral sensitivity of the NbN single-photon superconducting detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication IEICE Trans. Electron. Abbreviated Journal IEICE Trans. Electron.  
  Volume E85-C Issue 3 Pages 797-802  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We report our studies on the spectral sensitivity of superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPD's) capable of GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons. In particular, it has been shown that a NbN SPD is sensitive to 1.55-µm wavelength radiation and can be used for quantum communication. Our SPD's exhibit experimentally measured intrinsic quantum efficiencies from 20% at 800 nm up to 1% at 1.55-µm wavelength. The devices demonstrate picosecond response time (<100 ps, limited by our readout system) and negligibly low dark counts. Spectral dependencies of photon counting of continuous-wave, 0.4-µm to 3.5-µm radiation, and 0.63-µm, 1.33-µm, and 1.55-µm laser-pulsed radiations are presented for the single-stripe-type and meander-type devices.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1531  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Корнеев, А. А.; Минаева, О.; Рубцова, И.; Милостная, И.; Чулкова, Г.; Воронов, Б.; Смирнов, К.; Селезнёв, В.; Гольцман, Г.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Верёвкин, А.; Sobolewski, R. url  openurl
  Title Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Квантовая электроника Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue 8 Pages 698-700  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Представлены результаты исследований сверхпроводящих однофотонных детекторов, изготовленных из ультратонкой пленки NbN. Развитие технологического процесса изготовления детекторов, а также снижение рабочей температуры до 2 К позволили существенно увеличить квантовую эффективность: для видимого света (λ = 0.56 мкм) она составила 30%–40%, т.е. достигла предела, определяемого коэффициентом поглощения пленки. С ростом длины волны квантовая эффективность экспоненциально падает, составляя ~20% на λ=1.55 мкм и ~0.02% на λ = 5 мкм. При скорости темнового счета ~10-4s-1 экспериментально измеренная эквивалентная мощность шума составила 1.5 × 10-20 Вт/Гц-1/2; в дальнейшем она может быть уменьшена до рекордно низкого значения 5 × 10-21 Вт/Гц-1/2. Временное разрешение детектора равно 30 пс.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Duplicated as 383 (Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector) Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 382  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. doi  openurl
  Title Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Quantum Electronics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue 8 Pages 698-700  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detectors are studied. The development of manufacturing technology of detectors and the reduction of their operating temperature down to 2 K resulted in a considerable increase in their quantum efficiency, which reached in the visible region (at 0.56 μm) 30%—40%, i.e., achieved the limit determined by the absorption coefficient of the film. The quantum efficiency exponentially decreases with increasing wavelength, being equal to ~20% at 1.55 μm and ~0.02% at 5 μm. For the dark count rate of ~10-4s-1, the experimental equivalent noise power was 1.5×10-20 W Hz-1/2; it can be decreased in the future down to the record low value of 5×10-21 W Hz-1/2. The time resolution of the detector is 30 ps.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 383  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Rosfjord, Kristine M.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Vikas Anant; Voronov, Boris M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N.; Berggren, Karl K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Nanowire Single-photon detector with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Opt. Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 527-534  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, cavity  
  Abstract We have fabricated and tested superconducting single-photon detectors and demonstrated detection efficiencies of 57% at 1550-nm wavelength and 67% at 1064 nm. In addition to the peak detection efficiency, a median detection efficiency of 47.7% was measured over 132 devices at 1550 nm. These measurements were made at 1.8K, with each device biased to 97.5% of its critical current. The high detection efficiencies resulted from the addition of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating to a nanowire photodetector, creating an integrated nanoelectrophotonic device with enhanced performance relative to the original device. Here, the testing apparatus and the fabrication process are presented. The detection efficiency of devices before and after the addition of optical elements is also reported.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1094-4087 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:19503367 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 388  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Lipatov, A.; Wilsher, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon optical detectors and their applications Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 1151-1157  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present a new class of ultrafast single-photon detectors for counting both visible and infrared photons. The detection mechanism is based on photon-induced hotspot formation, which forces the supercurrent redistribution and leads to the appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin, submicrometer-width, superconducting stripe. The devices were fabricated from 3.5-nm- and 10-nm-thick NbN films, patterned into <200-nm-wide stripes in the 4 /spl times/ 4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ or 10 /spl times/ 10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ meander-type geometry, and operated at 4.2 K, well below the NbN critical temperature (T/sub c/=10-11 K). Continuous-wave and pulsed-laser optical sources in the 400-nm-to 3500-nm-wavelength range were used to determine the detector performance in the photon-counting mode. Experimental quantum efficiency was found to exponentially depend on the photon wavelength, and for our best, 3.5-nm-thick, 100-/spl mu/m/sup 2/-area devices varied from >10% for 405-nm radiation to 3.5% for 1550-nm photons. The detector response time and jitter were /spl sim/100 ps and 35 ps, respectively, and were acquisition system limited. The dark counts were below 0.01 per second at optimal biasing. In terms of the counting rate, jitter, and dark counts, the NbN single-photon detectors significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. Already-identified applications for our devices range from noncontact testing of semiconductor CMOS VLSI circuits to free-space quantum cryptography and communications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 509  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Il’in, K. S.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultimate quantum efficiency of a superconducting hot-electron photodetector Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 73 Issue 26 Pages 3938-3940  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract The quantum efficiency and current and voltage responsivities of fast hot-electron photodetectors, fabricated from superconducting NbN thin films and biased in the resistive state, have been shown to reach values of 340, 220 A/W, and 4×104 V/W,

respectively, for infrared radiation with a wavelength of 0.79 μm. The characteristics of the photodetectors are presented within the general model, based on relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium electron heating of a superconducting thin film. The observed, very high efficiency and sensitivity of the superconductor absorbing the photon are explained by the high multiplication rate of quasiparticles during the avalanche breaking of Cooper pairs.		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1579  
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