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Polyakova, O. N.; Tikhonov, V. V.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Boyarskii, D. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Dielectric characteristics of ore minerals in a 10–40 GHz frequency range |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
34 |
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11 |
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967-970 |
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ore minerals, complex permittivity, sphalerite, magnetite, labradorite |
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A new approach to investigation of the complex dielectric permittivity of both nonmetallic and ore minerals in the microwave frequency range is proposed. Using this approach, data on the complex permittivity of sphalerite, magnetite, and labradorite in a 10–40 GHz frequency range have been obtained for the first time. A method is proposed for calculating the complex permittivity from experimentally measured frequency dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients of a plane-parallel plate of a given mineral. Approximate expressions that can be used for calculations of the complex refractive index and permittivity of minerals are presented. |
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1063-7850 |
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1406 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J.-M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers |
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2007 |
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Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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112 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5μm thick Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. Measurements of the mixers sensitivity and the input RF band are presented, and compared against calculations. |
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1419 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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The “Millimetron” project, a future space telescope mission |
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2007 |
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Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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255 |
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Millimetron space observatory, VLBI |
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The goal of the Millimetron project is to develop a space observatory operating in the millimeter, sub-millimeter and infrared wavelength ranges using a 12-m actively cooled telescope in a single-dish mode and as an interferometer with the space-ground and space-space baselines (the later after the launch of the second identical space telescope). The Millimetron’s main reflector and other optics will be cooled down to 4K thus enabling astronomical observations with super high sensitivity in MM and subMM (down to nanoJansky level). Heterodyne observations in an interferometer mode at frequencies 0.1-1 THz will provide super high angular resolution. The main instruments, planned to be installed are wide-range imaging arrays, radiometers with spectrometers and polarimeters, VLBI heterodyne receivers, and Mikelson type interferometer devices. Wide-range MM and subMM imaging arrays and spectrometers will be based on a superconducting hot electron direct detectors with Andreev mirrors operating at 0.1 K. Such detectors are the best candidates to reach the noise equivalent power level of 10 -19 -10 -20 W/√Hz. Heterodyne receivers will be both SIS based superconducting integrated receiver with flux-flow oscillator as LO (0.1-0.9 THz range) and HEB based receivers using multiplied Gunn oscillator as LO for 1-2 THz range and quantum cascade lasers as LO for 2-5 THz range. For observations in middle IR region there will be installed large arrays of superconducting single photon detectors, providing imaging with very high dynamic range and ultimate sensitivity. |
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1422 |
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Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, K. M.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. |
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Title |
Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
101110 (1 to 3) |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
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We investigate the source of the large variations in the observed detection efficiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from “constrictions:” highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the bias-current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices when they are biased near the critical current density.
This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. |
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0003-6951 |
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1433 |
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Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Quasioptical hot electron bolometer mixers based on thin NBN films for terahertz region |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology |
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2 |
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688-689 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Presented in this paper are the performances of HEB mixers based on 2-3.5 nm thick NbN films integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. Double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. Mixer gain bandwidth is 5.2 GHz. Local oscillator power is 1-3 muW for mixers with different active area |
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Russian |
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1445 |
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Rosfjord, K. M.; Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E. A.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Kerman, A. J.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Increased detection efficiencies of nanowire single-photon detectors by integration of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
CLEO/QELS |
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CLEO/QELS |
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JTuF2 (1 to 2) |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We fabricate and test superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating. We design the cavity and coating such as to maximize absorption in the NbN film of the detector. |
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2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference |
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1452 |
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Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Reduced noise in NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers by annealing |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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19 |
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4 |
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L (9 to 12) |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We find that the sensitivity of heterodyne receivers based on superconducting hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) increases by 25–30% after annealing at 85 °C in vacuum. The devices studied are twin-slot antenna coupled mixers with a small NbN bridge of 1 × 0.15 µm2. We show that annealing changes the device properties as reflected in sharper resistive transitions of the complete device, apparently reducing the device-related noise. The lowest receiver noise temperature of 700 K is measured at a local oscillator frequency of 1.63 THz and a bath temperature of 4.3 K. |
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0953-2048 |
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1456 |
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Maslennikov, S. N.; Morozov, D. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Imaging system for submillimeter wave range based on AlGaAs/GaAs hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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Proc. 5-th MSMW |
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Proc. 5-th MSMW |
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2 |
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558-560 |
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AlGaAs/GaAs HEB mixers |
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Electromagnetic radiation of the submillimeter (SMM) range is dispersed and absorbed significantly less than infrared (IR) radiation when passing through different objects. That is the reason for the development of an SMM imaging system. In this paper, we discuss the design of an SMM heterodyne imager, based on a matrix of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) with relatively high (about 77 K) operating temperature. The predicted double side band (DSB) noise temperature is about 1000 K and optimal local oscillator (LO) power is about 1 /spl mu/W for such mixers, which seems to be quite prospective for an SMM heterodyne imager. |
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Kharkov, Ukraine |
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The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828) |
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1487 |
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Ryabchun, S.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Superconducting single photon detectors array based on hot electron phenomena |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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242-247 |
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NbN SSPD arrays, SNSPD |
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In this paper we propose to use time domain multiplexing for large format arrays of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) of the terahertz, visible and infrared frequency ranges based on ultrathin superconducting NbN films. Effective realization of time domain multiplexing for SSPD arrays is possible due to a short electric pulse of the SSPD as response to radiation quantum absorption, picosecond jitter and extremely low noise equivalent power (NEP). We present experimental results of testing 2×2 arrays in the infrared waveband. The measured noise equivalent power in the infrared and expected for the terahertz waveband is 10 – 21 WHz -1/2 . The best quantum efficiency (QE) of SSPD is 50% at 1.3 µm wavelength. |
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1493 |
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Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Wilsher, K.; Lo, W.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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A superconducting single-photon detector for CMOS IC probing |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
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Proc. 16-th LEOS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16-th LEOS |
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2 |
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602-603 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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In this paper, a novel, time-resolved, NbN-based, superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) has been developed for probing CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) using photon emission timing analysis (PETA). |
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The 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2003. LEOS 2003. |
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1510 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinsky, V.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Fabrication of nanostructured superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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13 |
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2 |
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192-195 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Fabrication of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors, based on the hotspot effect is presented. The hotspot formation arises in an ultrathin and submicrometer-width superconductor stripe and, together with the supercurrent redistribution, leads to the resistive detector response upon absorption of a photon. The detector has a meander structure to maximally increase its active area and reach the highest detection efficiency. Main processing steps, leading to efficient devices, sensitive in 0.4-5 /spl mu/m wavelength range, are presented. The impact of various processing steps on the performance and operational parameters of our detectors is discussed. |
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1558-2515 |
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1515 |
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Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Time delay of resistive-state formation in superconducting stripes excited by single optical photons |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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67 |
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13 |
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132508 (1 to 4) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We have observed a 65(±5)-ps time delay in the onset of a resistive-state formation in 10-nm-thick, 130-nm-wide NbN superconducting stripes exposed to single photons. The delay in the photoresponse decreased to zero when the stripe was irradiated by multi-photon (classical) optical pulses. Our NbN structures were kept at 4.2 K, well below the material’s critical temperature, and were illuminated by 100-fs-wide optical pulses. The time-delay phenomenon has been explained within the framework of a model based on photon-induced generation of a hotspot in the superconducting stripe and subsequent, supercurrent-assisted, resistive-state formation across the entire stripe cross section. The measured time delays in both the single-photon and two-photon detection regimes agree well with theoretical predictions of the resistive-state dynamics in one-dimensional superconducting stripes. |
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0163-1829 |
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1519 |
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Verevkin, A.; Xu, Y.; Zheng, X.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, Roman; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Superconducting NbN-based ultrafast hot-electron single-photon detector for infrared range |
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Conference Article |
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2001 |
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Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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462-468 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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1539 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K. V. |
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Electron-phonon interaction in a two-dimensional electron gas of semiconductor heterostructures at low temperatures |
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2001 |
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Jetp Lett. |
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Jetp Lett. |
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74 |
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9 |
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474-479 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures |
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Theoretical and experimental works devoted to studying electron-phonon interaction in the two-dimensional electron gas of semiconductor heterostructures at low temperatures in the case of strong heating in an electric field under quasi-equilibrium conditions and in a quantizing magnetic field perpendicular to the 2D layer are considered. |
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0021-3640 |
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По итогам проектов российского фонда фундаментальных исследований. Проект РФФИ # 98-02-16897 Электрон-фононное взаимодействие в двумерном электронном газе полупроводниковых гетероструктур при низких температурах |
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1541 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Semenov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Dzardanov, A.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Picosecond superconducting single-photon optical detector |
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2001 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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79 |
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6 |
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705-707 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We experimentally demonstrate a supercurrent-assisted, hotspot-formation mechanism for ultrafast detection and counting of visible and infrared photons. A photon-induced hotspot leads to a temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the superconducting sensor strip and results in an easily measurable voltage pulse. Subsequent hotspot healing in ∼30 ps time frame, restores the superconductivity (zero-voltage state), and the detector is ready to register another photon. Our device consists of an ultrathin, very narrow NbN strip, maintained at 4.2 K and current-biased close to the critical current. It exhibits an experimentally measured quantum efficiency of ∼20% for 0.81 μm wavelength photons and negligible dark counts. |
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0003-6951 |
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