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Nikoghosyan, A. S.; Martirosyan, R. M.; Hakhoumian, A. A.; Makaryan, A. H.; Tadevosyan, V. R.; Goltsman, G. N.; Antipov, S. V. |
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Title |
Effect of absorption on the efficiency of THz radiation generation in a nonlinear crystal placed into a waveguide |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Armenian J. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Armenian J. Phys. |
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11 |
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4 |
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257-262 |
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Keywords |
THz, waveguide, nonlinear crystal |
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The effect of THz radiation absorption on the efficiency of generation of coherent THz radiation in a nonlinear optical crystal placed into a metal rectangular waveguide is studied. The efficiency of the nonlinear conversion of optical laser radiation to the THz band is also a function of the phase-matching (PM) condition inside the nonlinear crystal. The method of partial filling of a metal waveguide with a nonlinear optical crystal is used to ensure phase matching. Phase matching was obtained by the proper choice of the thickness of the nonlinear crystal, namely the degree of partial filling of the waveguide. We have studied the THz radiation attenuation caused by the losses in both the metal walls of the waveguide and in the crystal, taking into account the dimension of the cross section of the waveguide, the degree of partial filling and its dielectric constant. |
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1829-1171 |
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1291 |
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Klapwijk, T. M.; Semenov, A. V. |
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Title |
Engineering physics of superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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7 |
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6 |
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627-648 |
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HEB mixers |
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Superconducting hot-electron bolometers are presently the best performing mixing devices for the frequency range beyond 1.2 THz, where good-quality superconductor-insulator-superconductor devices do not exist. Their physical appearance is very simple: an antenna consisting of a normal metal, sometimes a normal-metal-superconductor bilayer, connected to a thin film of a narrow short superconductor with a high resistivity in the normal state. The device is brought into an optimal operating regime by applying a dc current and a certain amount of local-oscillator power. Despite this technological simplicity, its operation has found to be controlled by many different aspects of superconductivity, all occurring simultaneously. A core ingredient is the understanding that there are two sources of resistance in a superconductor: a charge-conversion resistance occurring at a normal-metal-superconductor interface and a resistance due to time-dependent changes of the superconducting phase. The latter is responsible for the actual mixing process in a nonuniform superconducting environment set up by the bias conditions and the geometry. The present understanding indicates that further improvement needs to be found in the use of other materials with a faster energy relaxation rate. Meanwhile, several empirical parameters have become physically meaningful indicators of the devices, which will facilitate the technological developments. |
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2156-342X |
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1292 |
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Ren, Y.; Zhang, D. X.; Zhou, K. M.; Miao, W.; Zhang, W.; Shi, S. C.; Seleznev, V.; Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K. |
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10.6 μm heterodyne receiver based on a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer and a quantum cascade laser |
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2019 |
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AIP Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
AIP Advances |
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9 |
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7 |
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075307 |
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NbN HEB mixers, QCL, IR |
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We report on the development of a heterodyne receiver at mid-infrared wavelength for high-resolution spectroscopy applications. The receiver employs a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer as a mixer and a room temperature distributed feedback quantum cascade laser operating at 10.6 μm (28.2 THz) as a local oscillator. The stabilization of the heterodyne receiver has been achieved using a feedback loop controlling the output power of the laser. Improved Allan variance times as well as a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 5000 K and a noise bandwidth of 2.8 GHz of the receiver system are demonstrated.
The work is supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFA0404701, by the CAS program under Grant QYZDJ-SSW-SLH043 and GJJSTD20180003, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 11773083, by the “Hundred Talents Program” of the “Pioneer Initiative”, and in part by the CAS Key Lab for Radio Astronomy. |
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2158-3226 |
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1293 |
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Finkel, M.; Thierschmann, H.; Galatro, L.; Katan, A. J.; Thoen, D. J.; de Visser, P. J.; Spirito, M.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Performance of THz components based on microstrip PECVD SiNx technology |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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7 |
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6 |
Pages |
765-771 |
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transmission line measurements, power transmission lines, dielectrics, couplers, submillimeter wave circuits, coplanar waveguides, micromechanical devices |
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We present a performance analysis of passive THz components based on Microstrip transmission lines with a 2-μmthin plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride (PECVD SiNX) dielectric layer. A set of thru-reflect-line calibration structures is used for basic transmission line characterizations. We obtain losses of 9 dB/mm at 300 GHz. Branchline hybrid couplers are realized that exhibit 2.5-dB insertion loss, 1-dB amplitude imbalance, and -26-dB isolation, in agreement with simulations. We use the measured center frequency to determine the dielectric constant of the PECVD SiN x , which yields 5.9. We estimate the wafer-to-wafer variations to be of the order of 1%. Directional couplers are presented which exhibit -12-dB transmission to the coupled port and -26 dB to the isolated port. For transmission lines with 5-μm-thin silicon nitride (SiN x ), we observe losses below 4 dB/mm. The thin SiN x dielectric membrane makes the THz components compatible with scanning probe microscopy cantilevers allowing the application of this technology in on-chip circuits of a THz near-field microscope. |
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2156-342X |
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1294 |
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Finkel, M.; Thierschmann, H. R.; Galatro, L.; Katan, A. J.; Thoen, D. J.; de Visser, P. J.; Spirito, M.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Branchline and directional THz coupler based on PECVD SiNx-technology |
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2016 |
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41st IRMMW-THz |
Abbreviated Journal |
41st IRMMW-THz |
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microstrip, fixtures, coplanar waveguides, couplers, standards, probes, dielectrics |
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A fabrication technology to realize THz microstrip lines and passive circuit components is developed and tested making use of a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride (PECVD SiNx) dielectric membrane. We use 2 μm thick SiNx and 300 nm thick gold layers on sapphire substrates. We fabricate a set of structures for thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration, with the reflection standard implemented as a short through the via. We find losses of 9.5 dB/mm at 300 GHz for a 50 Ohm line. For a branchline coupler we measure 2.5 dB insertion loss, 1 dB amplitude imbalance and 21 dB isolation. Good control over the THz lines parameters is proven by similar performance of a set of 5 structures. The directional couplers show -14 dB transmission to the coupled port, -24 dB to the isolated port and -25 dB in reflection. The SiNx membrane, used as a dielectric, is compatible with atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers allowing the application of this technology to the development of a THz near-field microscope. |
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2162-2035 |
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978-1-4673-8485-8 |
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7758586 |
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1295 |
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