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Ryabchun, S.; Smirnov, A.; Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Superconducting single photon detector integrated with optical cavity |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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Proc. MLPLIT |
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Proc. MLPLIT |
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143-145 |
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NbN SSPD, cavity |
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Suzdal / Vladimir (Russia) |
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Modern laser physics and laser-information technologies for science and manufacture |
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1st international russian-chinese conference / youthschool-workshop |
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September 23-28, 2011 |
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1385 |
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Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Phys. Procedia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Procedia |
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Volume |
36 |
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Pages |
72-76 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response. |
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1875-3892 |
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1382 |
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Sclafani, M.; Marksteiner, M.; Keir, F. M. L.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Arndt, M. |
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Title |
Sensitivity of a superconducting nanowire detector for single ions at low energy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Nanotechnol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nanotechnol. |
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23 |
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6 |
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065501 (1 to 5) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single ion detector, SSID, SNSID |
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We report on the characterization of a superconducting nanowire detector for ions at low kinetic energies. We measure the absolute single-particle detection efficiency eta and trace its increase with energy up to eta = 100%. We discuss the influence of noble gas adsorbates on the cryogenic surface and analyze their relevance for the detection of slow massive particles. We apply a recent model for the hot-spot formation to the incidence of atomic ions at energies between 0.2 and 1 keV. We suggest how the differences observed for photons and atoms or molecules can be related to the surface condition of the detector and we propose that the restoration of proper surface conditions may open a new avenue for SSPD-based optical spectroscopy on molecules and nanoparticles. |
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Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria |
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English |
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0957-4484 |
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PMID:22248823 |
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1380 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Il'in, K.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Hubers, H.; Siegel, M.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Effect of the wire width and magnetic field on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2200205-2200205 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present thorough measurements of the intrinsic detection efficiency in the wavelength range from 350 to 2500 nm for meander-type TaN and NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with different widths of the nanowire. The width varied from 70 nm to 130 nm. The open-beam configuration allowed us to accurately normalize measured spectra and to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency. For detectors from both materials the intrinsic detection efficiency at short wavelengths amounts at 100% and gradually decreases at wavelengths larger than the specific cut-off wavelengths, which decreases with the width of the nanowire. Furthermore, we show that applying weak magnetic fields perpendicular to the meander plane decreases the smallest detectable photon flux. |
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1051-8223 |
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1376 |
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Author |
Pernice, W. H. P.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
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High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Nat. Commun. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat. Commun. |
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Volume |
3 |
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1325 (1 to 10) |
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Keywords |
waveguide SSPD |
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Ultrafast, high-efficiency single-photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited their maximum attainable detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate superconducting nanowire detectors atop nanophotonic waveguides, which enable a drastic increase of the absorption length for incoming photons. This allows us to achieve high on-chip single-photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, repeatable across several fabricated chips. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of the on-chip detection efficiency. The detectors are fully embedded in scalable silicon photonic circuits and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18 ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution, we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. Our direct implementation of a high-performance single-photon detector on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. |
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Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA |
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2041-1723 |
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PMID:23271658; PMCID:PMC3535416 |
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1375 |
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Author |
Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Abstract |
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Year |
2013 |
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INIS |
Abbreviated Journal |
INIS |
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46 |
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8 |
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1-3 |
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TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors. |
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1374 |
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Schuck, C.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Minaeva, O.; Li, Mo; Gol'tsman, G.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
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Title |
Matrix of integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high timing resolution |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2201007-2201007 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, array, matrix |
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We demonstrate a large grid of individually addressable superconducting single photon detectors on a single chip. Each detector element is fully integrated into an independent waveguide circuit with custom functionality at telecom wavelengths. High device density is achieved by fabricating the nanowire detectors in traveling wave geometry directly on top of silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Our superconducting single photon detector matrix includes detector designs optimized for high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and high timing accuracy. As an example, we exploit the high timing resolution of a particularly short nanowire design to resolve individual photon round-trips in a cavity ring-down measurement of a silicon ring resonator. |
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1051-8223 |
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1373 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W. |
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Title |
Effect of magnetic field on the photon detection in thin superconducting meander structures |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
89 |
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10 |
Pages |
104513 (1 to 7) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We have studied the influence of an externally applied magnetic field on the photon and dark count rates of meander-type niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Measurements have been performed at a temperature of 4.2 K, and magnetic fields up to 250 mT have been applied perpendicularly to the meander plane. While photon count rates are field independent at weak applied fields, they show a strong dependence at fields starting from approximately ±25 mT. This behavior, as well as the magnetic field dependence of the dark count rates, is in good agreement with the recent theoretical model of vortex-assisted photon detection and spontaneous vortex crossing in narrow superconducting lines. However, the local reduction of the superconducting free energy due to photon absorption, which is the fitting parameter in the model, increases much slower with the photon energy than the model predicts. Furthermore, changes in the free-energy during photon counts and dark counts depend differently on the current that flows through the meander. This indicates that photon counts and dark counts occur in different parts of the meander. |
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1098-0121 |
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1367 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Vodolazov, D.; Hübers, H.-W. |
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Title |
Effect of the wire width on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
043906 (1 to 9) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, TaN |
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A thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths has been performed. The experiment shows that the cut-off of the intrinsic detection efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely controlled by the local suppression of the barrier for vortex nucleation around the absorption site. Beyond the cut-off quasi-particle diffusion in combination with spontaneous, thermally activated vortex crossing explains the detection process. For both materials, the reciprocal cut-off wavelength scales linearly with the wire width where the scaling factor agrees with the hot-spot detection model. |
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0021-8979 |
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1357 |
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Murphy, A.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Gol’tsman, G.; Bezryadin, A. |
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Dark counts initiated by macroscopic quantum tunneling in NbN superconducting photon detectors |
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Miscellaneous |
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2014 |
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arXiv |
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NbN SSPD |
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We perform measurements of the switching current distributions of three w = 120 nm wide, 4 nm thick NbN superconducting strips which are used for single-photon detectors. These strips are much wider than the diameter the vortex cores, so they are classified as quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D). We discover evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling by observing the saturation of the standard deviation of the switching distributions at temperatures around 2 K. We analyze our results using the Kurkijarvi-Garg model and find that the escape temperature also saturates at low temperatures, confirming that at sufficiently low temperatures, macroscopic quantum tunneling is possible in quasi-2D strips and can contribute to dark counts observed in single photon detectors. |
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murphy2014dark |
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1356 |
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