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Hadfield, Robert. H.; Habif, Jonathan L.; Schlafer, John; Schwall, Robert. E.; Nam, Sae Woo |
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Title |
Quantum key distribution at 1550 nm with twin superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
241129 |
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SSPD, quantum cryptography |
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0003-6951 |
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533 |
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Floet, D. Wilms; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gao, J. R. |
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Title |
Resistive transition of niobium superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
2826 |
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Keywords |
HEB |
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0003-6951 |
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543 |
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Rodriguez-Morales, F.; Zannoni, R.; Nicholson, J.; Fischetti, M.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Appenzeller, J. |
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Title |
Direct and heterodyne detection of microwaves in a metallic single wall carbon nanotube |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
083502 |
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carbon nanotube, GHz heterodyne detector, direct detector |
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0003-6951 |
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565 |
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Fu, K.; Zannoni, R.; Chan, C.; Adams, S. H.; Nicholson, J.; Polizzi, E.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Title |
Terahertz detection in single wall carbon nanotubes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
033105 |
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Keywords |
HEB, single wall, carbon nanotube, CNT, SWNT, SWCNT, terahertz detection, THz |
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Abstract |
It is reported that terahertz radiation from 0.69 to 2.54 THz has been sensitively detected in a device consisting of bundles of carbon nanotubes containing single wall metallic carbon nanotubes, quasioptically coupled through a lithographically fabricated antenna, and a silicon lens. The measured data are consistent with a bolometric detection process in the metallic tubes and the devices show promise for operation well above 4.2 K. |
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0003-6951 |
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NEP is not shown |
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no |
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566 |
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Author |
Siddiqi, I.; Prober, D. E. |
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Title |
Nb–Au bilayer hot-electron bolometers for low-noise THz heterodyne detection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
84 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1404 |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixers, dynamic range, saturation, LO power, local oscillator power, Nb |
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The sensitivity of present Nb diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is not quantum limited, and can be improved by reducing the superconducting transition temperature TC. Lowering TC reduces thermal fluctuations, resulting in a decrease of the mixer noise temperature TM. However, lower TC mixers have reduced dynamic range and saturate more easily due to background noise. We present 30 GHz microwave measurements on a bilayer HEB system, Nb–Au, in which TC can be tuned with Au layer thickness to obtain the maximum sensitivity for a given noise background. These measurements are intended as a guide for the optimization of THz mixers. Using a Nb–Au mixer with TC = 1.6 K, we obtain TM = 50 K with 2 nW of local oscillator (LO) power. Good mixer performance is observed over a wide range of LO power and bias voltage and such a device should not exhibit saturation in a THz receiver. |
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0003-6951 |
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no |
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Serial |
571 |
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Author |
Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
91 |
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Pages |
221111 (1 to 3) |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning |
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Abstract |
We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. |
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no |
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584 |
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Author |
Fetterman, H. R.; Tannenwald, P. E.; Clifton, B. J.; Parker, C. D.; Fitzgerald, W. D.; Erickson, N. R. |
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Title |
Far-ir heterodyne radiometric measurements with quasioptical Schottky diode mixers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
151-154 |
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Keywords |
Schottky |
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Frequency countings close to a phase locked zone in an electronic receiver show a 1/f power spectral density. The noise scaling versus the frequency deviation and the open loop gain are found from Adler's model of the phase locked loop. This fully agrees with experiments performed at 5 MHz on a receiver with a Schottky diode mixer and a low pass filter. The 1/f amplitude and frequency noise due to the whole set of (sub)harmonics is explained from a nonlinear mapping, with a coupling coefficient related to the structure of prime numbers. |
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587 |
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Santavicca,D.F.; Reulet,B.; Karasik,B.S.; Pereverzev,S.V.; Olaya, D.; Gershenson, M.E.; Frunzio, L.; Prober, D.E. |
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Title |
Energy resolution of terahertz single-photon-sensitive bolometric detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
083505 - 083505-3 |
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We report measurements of the energy resolution of ultrasensitive superconducting bolometric detectors. The device is a superconducting titanium nanobridge with niobium contacts. A fast microwave pulse is used to simulate a single higher-frequency photon, where the absorbed energy of the pulse is equal to the photon energy. This technique allows precise calibration of the input coupling and avoids problems with unwanted background photons. Present devices have an intrinsic full-width at half-maximum energy resolution of approximately 23 THz, near the predicted value due to intrinsic thermal fluctuation noise. |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
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601 |
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Author |
An, Zhenghua; Chen, Jeng-Chung; Ueda, T.; Komiyama, S.; Hirakawa, K. |
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Title |
Infrared phototransistor using capacitively coupled two-dimensional electron gas layers |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
86 |
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172106 - 172106-3 |
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2DEG |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
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603 |
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Barends, R.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Current-induced vortex unbinding in bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
87 |
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263506 (1 to 3) |
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HEB mixer numerical model, HEB model, IV-curves, vortex-antivortex, Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model, self-heating effect, temperature profile |
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We present a description of the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometers in terms of the current-dependent intrinsic resistive transition of NbN films. We find that, by including this current dependence, we can correctly predict the complete current-voltage characteristics, showing excellent agreement with measurements for both low and high bias and for small as well as large devices. It is assumed that the current dependence is due to vortex-antivortex unbinding as described in the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory. The presented approach will be useful in guiding device optimization for noise and bandwidth. |
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604 |
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Stevens, M.; Hadfield, R.; Schwall, R.; Nam, S.W.; Mirin, R.; Gupta, J. |
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Fast lifetime measurements of infrared emitters using a low-jitter superconduct- ing single-photon detector |
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2006 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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89 |
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031109 |
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SSPD, jitter, QD, QW |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
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611 |
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Li, T. F.; Pashkin, Yu. A.; Astafiev, O.; Nakamura, Y.; Tsai, J. S.; Im, H. |
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High-frequency metallic nanomechanical resonators |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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92 |
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043112(1)-043112(3) |
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nanomechanical resonator, polycrystalline metal films |
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We developed a technology to fabricate fully metallic doubly clamped beams working as nanomechanical resonators. Measured with a magnetomotive detection scheme, the beams, made of polycrystalline metal films, show as good quality as previously reported ones made of single crystal materials, such as Si, GaAs, AlN, and SiC. Our method is compatible with the conventional fabrication process for nanoscale electronic circuits and thus offers a possibility of easily integrating the beams into superconducting charge and flux qubits and single-electron transistors as well as coupling them to coplanar waveguide resonators. |
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621 |
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Zhang, W.; Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Kollberg, E. L.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Bansal, T.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Quantum noise in a terahertz hot electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
111113-(1-3) |
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HEB mixer, quantum limit, quantum noise, vacuum box, THz, Terahertz |
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We have measured the noise temperature of a single, sensitive superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in a frequency range from 1.6 to 5.3 THz, using a setup with all the key components in vacuum. By analyzing the measured receiver noise temperature using a quantum noise (QN) model for HEB mixers, we confirm the effect of QN. The QN is found to be responsible for about half of the receiver noise at the highest frequency in our measurements. The beta-factor (the quantum efficiency of the HEB) obtained experimentally agrees reasonably well with the calculated value. |
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624 |
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Walther, Christoph; Scalari, Giacomo; Faist, Jerome; Beere, Harvey; Ritchie, David |
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Low frequency terahertz quantum cascade laser operating from 1.6 to 1.8 THz |
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2006 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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89 |
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231121(1-3) |
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QCL, 360 uW at 1.6 THz |
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The authors report a GaAs/Al0.1Ga0.9As quantum cascade laser based on a bound-to-continuum transition optimized for low frequency operation. High tunability of the gain curve is achieved by the Stark effect and laser emission is measured between 1.6 and 1.8 THz. Pulsed mode operation up to 95 K and continuous wave operation up to 80 K are reported. The dynamical range in current is as high as 43%. |
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629 |
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Sekine, Norihiko; Hosako, Iwao |
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Intensity modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers under external light injection |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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95 |
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201106(1-3) |
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QCL modulation, THz, terahertz |
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We investigated the light-current characteristics of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers under external light injection, which excites interband transitions in the active materials. It was found that the amount of reduction in the THz power was constant for all injection currents above threshold, and the dependence of the reduction amount on the wavelength of the external light was observed to show a resonancelike feature. The dominant intensity modulation mechanism was found to be the loss change caused by interband transitions in the active region. Further, the effective coupling efficiency plays an important role in the intensity modulation. |
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no |
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630 |
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