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Yang, J. K. W., Kerman, A. J., Dauler, E. A., Anant, V., Rosfjord, K. M., & Berggren, K. K. (2007). Modeling the electrical and thermal response of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 17(2), 581–585.
Abstract: We modeled the response of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors during a photodetection event, taking into consideration only the thermal and electrical properties of a superconducting NbN nanowire on a sapphire substrate. Our calculations suggest that heating which occurs after the formation of a photo-induced resistive barrier is responsible for the generation of a measurable voltage pulse. We compared this numerical result with experimental data of a voltage pulse from a slow device, i.e. large kinetic inductance, and obtained a good fit. Using this electro-thermal model, we estimated the temperature rise and the resistance buildup in the nanowire, and the return current at which the nanowire becomes superconducting again. We also show that the reset time of these photodetectors can be decreased by the addition of a series resistance and provide supporting experimental data. Finally we present preliminary results on a detector latching behavior that can also be explained using the electro-thermal model.
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Heeres, R. W., Dorenbos, S. N., Koene, B., Solomon, G. S., Kouwenhoven, L. P., & Zwiller, V. (2010). On-Chip Single Plasmon Detection. Nano Lett., 10, 661–664.
Abstract: Surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons) have the potential to interface electronic and optical devices. They could prove extremely useful for integrated quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate on-chip electrical detection of single plasmons propagating along gold waveguides. The plasmons are excited using the single-photon emission of an optically emitting quantum dot. After propagating for several micrometers, the plasmons are coupled to a superconducting detector in the near-field. Correlation measurements prove that single plasmons are being detected.
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Seki, T., Shibata, H., Takesue, H., Tokura, Y., & Imoto, N. (2010). Comparison of timing jitter between NbN superconducting single-photon detector and avalanche photodiode. Phys. C, 470(20), 1534–1537.
Abstract: We report the pulse-to-pulse timing jitter measurement of a niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) and an InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) at 1550-nm wavelength. A direct comparison of their timing jitter was performed by using the same experimental configuration to measure both detectors. The measured jitter of the SSPD and the APD are 75 and 84 ps at full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), and 138 and 384 ps at full-width at tenth-maximum (FWTM), respectively. The jitter of the SSPD remains small at FWTM while that of APD is wide. We also estimated the transmission distances and secure key generation rates for fiber-based quantum key distribution (QKD) which uses these detectors. The estimated transmission distances of the APD are 86 km and 107 km with respect to 1 ns and 100 ps time windows, respectively, and those of the SSPD are 125 km and 172 km with respect to 1 ns and 100 ps time windows, respectively. This estimation indicates the SSPDЃfs advantages for QKD compared to the APD.
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Stevens, M., Hadfeld, R., Schwall, R., Nam, S. W., & and Mirin, R. (2006). Quantum dot single photon sources studied with superconducting single photon detectors. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., 12(6), 1255–1267.
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Stevens, M., Hadfield, R., Schwall, R., Nam, S. W., Mirin, R., & Gupta, J. (2006). Fast lifetime measurements of infrared emitters using a low-jitter superconduct- ing single-photon detector. Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 031109.
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Stucki, D., Walenta, N., Vannel, F., Thew, R. T., Gisin, N., Zbinden, H., et al. (2009). High rate long-distance quantum key distribution over 250 km of ultra low loss fibres. New J. Phys., 11(7), 075003.
Abstract: We present a fully automated quantum key distribution prototype running at 625 MHz clock rate. Taking advantage of ultra low loss fibres and low-noise superconducting detectors, we can distribute 6,000 secret bits per second over 100 km and 15 bits per second over 250km.
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Takesue, H., Nam, S. W., Zhang, Q., Hadfield, R. H., Honjo, T., Tamaki, K., et al. (2007). Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors. Nat. Photon., 1, 343–348.
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Goltsman, G., Korneev, A., Divochiy, A., Minaeva, O., Tarkhov, M., Kaurova, N., et al. (2009). Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector. J. Modern Opt., 56(15), 1670–1680.
Abstract: The state-of-the-art of the NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector technology (SSPD) is presented. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance at 2 K temperature: 30% quantum efficiency from visible to infrared, negligible dark count rate, single-photon sensitivity up to 5.6 µm. The recent achievements in the development of GHz counting rate devices with photon-number resolving capability is presented.
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Stucki, D., Barreiro, C., Fasel, S., Gautier, J. - D., Gay, O., Gisin, N., et al. (2009). Continuous high speed coherent one-way quantum key distribution. Opt. Express, 17(16), 13326–13334.
Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first commercial quantum technology operating at the level of single quanta and is a leading light for quantum-enabled photonic technologies. However, controlling these quantum optical systems in real world environments presents significant challenges. For the first time, we have brought together three key concepts for future QKD systems: a simple high-speed protocol; high performance detection; and integration both, at the component level and for standard fibre network connectivity. The QKD system is capable of continuous and autonomous operation, generating secret keys in real time. Laboratory and field tests were performed and comparisons made with robust InGaAs avalanche photodiodes and superconducting detectors. We report the first real world implementation of a fully functional QKD system over a 43dB-loss (150km) transmission line in the Swisscom fibre optic network where we obtained average real-time distribution rates over 3 hours of 2.5bps.
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Минаева, О. В. (2009). Быстродействующий однофотонный детектор на основе тонкой сверхпроводниковой пленки NbN. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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