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Author | Lobanov, Y.V.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Hedden, A.S.; Blundell, R.; Voronov, B.M.; Gol'tsman, G.N. | ||||
Title | Direct measurement of the gain and noise bandwidths of HEB mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 645-648 |
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | The intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of a hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is an important parameter of the mixer, in that it helps to determine its suitability for a given application. With the availability of wideband low noise amplifiers, it is simple to measure the performance of an HEB mixer over a wide range of IF at a fixed LO frequency using the standard Y-factor method. This in-situ method allows us to measure both the gain and noise bandwidths simultaneously. We have also measured mixer output impedance with a vector network analyser. Intrinsic time constant has been extracted from the impedance data and compared to the mixer's bandwidths determined from receiver Y-factor measurement. | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 720 | ||
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Author | Lobanov, Y.; Tong, E.; Blundell, R.; Hedden, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Large-signal frequency response of an HEB mixer: from 300 MHz to terahertz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 628-631 |
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present a study of the large signal frequency response of an HEB mixer over a wide frequency range. In our experiments, we have subjected the HEB mixer to incident electromagnetic radiation from 0.3 GHz to 1 THz. The mixer element is an NbN film deposited on crystalline quartz. The mixer chip is mounted in a waveguide cavity, coupled to free space with a diagonal horn. At microwave frequencies, electromagnetic radiation is applied through the coaxial bias port of the mixer block. At higher frequencies the input signal passes via the diagonal horn feed. At each frequency, the incident power is varied and a family of I-V curves is recorded. From the curves we identify 3 distinct regimes of operation of the mixer separated by the phonon relaxation frequency and the superconducting energy gap frequency observed at about 3 GHz and 660 GHz respectively. In this paper, we will present observed curves and discuss the results of our experiment. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 719 | ||
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Author | Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Kinev, N. V.; Koshelets, V. P. | ||||
Title | The stability of a terahertz receiver based on a superconducting integrated receiver | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 035003 |
Keywords | SIS mixer, SIR, stability | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of stability testing of a terahertz radiometer based on a superconducting receiver with a SIS tunnel junction as the mixer and a flux-flow oscillator as the local oscillator. In the continuum mode, the receiver with a noise temperature of 95 K at 510 GHz measured over the intermediate frequency (IF) passband of 4-8 GHz offered a noise equivalent temperature difference of 10 ± 1 mK at an integration time of 1 s. We offer a method to significantly increase the integration time without the use of complex measurement equipment. The receiver observed a strong signal over a final detection bandwidth of 4 GHz and offered an Allan time of 5 s. | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 705 | ||
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Author | Manova, N. N.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Slysz, W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting NbN single-photon detector integrated with quarter-wave resonator | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Tech. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 37 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 469-471 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency of superconducting NbN single-photon detectors integrated with quarter-wave resonators based on Si3N4, SiO2, and SiO layers has been studied. | ||||
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Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 664 | ||
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Author | Beck, M.; Klammer, M.; Lang, S.; Leiderer, P.; Kabanov, V. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Demsar, J. | ||||
Title | Energy-gap dynamics of superconducting NbN thin films studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Phys. Rev. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. Lett. |
Volume | 107 | Issue | 17 | Pages | 4 |
Keywords | NbN thin film, energy gap dynamics | ||||
Abstract | Using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the superconducting gap in a conventional BCS superconductor NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the bare quasiparticle recombination rate, the Cooper pair-breaking rate and the electron-phonon coupling constant, λ=1.1±0.1, which is in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 641 | ||
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Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Low-noise wide-band hot-electron bolometer mixer based on an NbN film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 52 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 576-582 |
Keywords | HEB mixer, in-situ contacts, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth, diffusion cooling channel | ||||
Abstract | We develop and study a hot-electron bolometer mixer made of a two-layer NbN–Au film in situ deposited on a silicon substrate. The double-sideband noise temperature of the mixer is 750 K at a frequency of 2.5 THz. The conversion efficiency measurements show that at the superconducting transition temperature, the intermediate-frequency bandwidth amounts to about 6.5 GHz for a mixer 0.112 μm long. These record-breaking characteristics are attributed to the improved contacts between a sensitive element and a helical antenna and are reached due to using the in situ deposition of NbN and Au layers at certain stages of the process. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 599 | |||
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Author | Tretyakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G.N. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixer: fabrication, noise temperature reduction and characterization | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. Basic problems of superconductivity | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | HEB, mixer, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that in the terahertz region superconducting hot-electron mixers offer the lowest noise temperature, opening the possibility of using HTS's in the future to fabricate these devices. Specifically, a noise temperature of 950 K was measured for the receiver operating at 2.5 THz with a NbN HEB mixer, and a gain bandwidth of 6 GHz was measured at 300 GHz near Tc for the same mixer. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow-Zvenigorod | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 591 | |||
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Author | Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 20th ISSTT |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 151-154 | ||
Keywords | HEB, mixer, bandwidth, noise temperatue, in-situ contacts, in situ contacts | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Charlottesville, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 590 | |||
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Author | Smirnov, A. V.; Larionov, P. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | NbZr films for THz phonon-cooled HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 19th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 44-47 | ||
Keywords | HEB, NbZr, material search | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Groningen, Netherlands | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 577 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Paine, S. N.; Patt, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver for 800-GHz operation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 683-689 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation, linearity, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we describe a superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver designed to operate in the partially transmissive 350-μm atmospheric window. The receiver employs an NbN thin-film microbridge as the mixer element, in which the main cooling mechanism of the hot electrons is through electron-phonon interaction. At a local-oscillator frequency of 808 GHz, the measured double-sideband receiver noise temperature is TRX=970 K, across a 1-GHz intermediate-frequency bandwidth centered at 1.8 GHz. We have measured the linearity of the receiver and the amount of local-oscillator power incident on the mixer for optimal operation, which is PLO≈1 μW. This receiver was used in making observations as a facility instrument at the Heinrich Hertz Telescope, Mt. Graham, AZ, during the 1998-1999 winter observing season. | ||||
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ISSN | 0018-9480 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ | Serial | 573 | ||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J. M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H. W.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | 2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 6275 | Issue | Pages | 62750I (1 to 11) | |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, membrane | ||||
Abstract | A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5 µm thick Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. The gain bandwidth of the HEB mixers on Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was found to be 0.7÷0.9 GHz, which is much smaller than for similar devices on silicon. Application of buffer layers and use of alternative types of membranes (e.g. silicon-on-insulator) is under investigation. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 561 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Krieg, J.-M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Desmaris, V. | ||||
Title | Gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 101 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 124508 (1 to 6) |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, membrane | ||||
Abstract | The gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on electrically thin Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was experimentally investigated and compared with that of HEB mixers on bulk substrates. A gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz is achieved on bulk silicon, whereas the gain bandwidth is reduced down to 0.6–0.9 GHz for mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. We show that application of a MgO buffer layer on the membrane extends the gain bandwidth to 3 GHz. The experimental data were analyzed using the film-substrate acoustic mismatch approach. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 560 | |||
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Author | Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Low noise NbN superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers at 1.9 and 2.5 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 5 | Pages | S224-S228 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance between the bolometer itself and the contact structure. Using a combination of in situ cleaning of the NbN film and the use of an additional superconducting interlayer of a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au of the contact structure and the NbN film superior noise temperatures have been obtained as low as 950 K at 2.5 THz and 750 K at 1.9 THz. Here we address in detail the DC characterization of these devices, the interface transparencies between the bolometers and the contacts and the consequences of these factors on the mixer performance. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 558 | |||
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Author | Schwaab, G.W.; Sirmain, G.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Investigation of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers at 2.5 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 4233-4236 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | The development of superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers has been a big step forward in the direction of quantum noise limited mixer performance at THz frequencies. Such mixers are crucial for the upcoming generation of airborne and spaceborne THz heterodyne receivers. In this paper we report on new results on a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer using e-beam lithography. The superconducting film is 3 nm thick. The mixer is 0.2 μm long and 1.5 μm wide and it is integrated in a spiral antenna on a Si substrate. The device is quasi-optically coupled through a Si lens and a dielectric beam combiner to the radiation of an optically pumped FIR ring gas laser cavity. The performance of the mixer at different THz frequencies from 0.69 to 2.55 THz with an emphasis on 2.52 THz is demonstrated. At 2.52 THz minimum DSB noise temperatures of 4200 K have been achieved at an IF of 1.5 GHz and a bandwidth of 40 MHz with the mixer mounted in a cryostat and a 0.8 m long signal path in air. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 550 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; de Korte, P.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN hot electron bolometer mixers: sensitivity, LO power, direct detection and stability | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 484-489 |
Keywords | HEB mixers, direct detection effect, stability, Allan variance | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. Both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, using a 0.4/spl times/4 /spl mu/m HEB mixer with a spiral antenna. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. To comply with current demands on THz mixers for use in space based receivers we reduce the device size to 0.15/spl times/1 /spl mu/m and use a twin slot antenna. We report measurements of the noise temperature, LO power requirement, stability and the direct detection effect, using a mixer with a 1.6 THz twin slot antenna and a 1.462 THz solid state LO source with calibrated output power. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 546 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Siegel, M.; Hübers, H.-W. | ||||
Title | Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-178 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1286-0042 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 534 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
Title | Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 5338-5340 |
Keywords | SSPD, NEP, QE | ||||
Abstract | We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 532 | |||
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Author | Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G.N.; Lipatov, A.; Wilsher, K. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast superconducting single-photon optical detectors and their applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 1151-1157 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present a new class of ultrafast single-photon detectors for counting both visible and infrared photons. The detection mechanism is based on photon-induced hotspot formation, which forces the supercurrent redistribution and leads to the appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin, submicrometer-width, superconducting stripe. The devices were fabricated from 3.5-nm- and 10-nm-thick NbN films, patterned into <200-nm-wide stripes in the 4 /spl times/ 4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ or 10 /spl times/ 10-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ meander-type geometry, and operated at 4.2 K, well below the NbN critical temperature (T/sub c/=10-11 K). Continuous-wave and pulsed-laser optical sources in the 400-nm-to 3500-nm-wavelength range were used to determine the detector performance in the photon-counting mode. Experimental quantum efficiency was found to exponentially depend on the photon wavelength, and for our best, 3.5-nm-thick, 100-/spl mu/m/sup 2/-area devices varied from >10% for 405-nm radiation to 3.5% for 1550-nm photons. The detector response time and jitter were /spl sim/100 ps and 35 ps, respectively, and were acquisition system limited. The dark counts were below 0.01 per second at optimal biasing. In terms of the counting rate, jitter, and dark counts, the NbN single-photon detectors significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. Already-identified applications for our devices range from noncontact testing of semiconductor CMOS VLSI circuits to free-space quantum cryptography and communications. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 509 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. | ||||
Title | Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 8/9 | Pages | 604-617 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered. | ||||
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ISSN | 0033-8443 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | UDC 537.312.62 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 472 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Minaeva, O.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Rubtsova, I.; Divochiy, A.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Grabiec, P.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 246-251 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an overview of the state-of-the-art of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our devices exhibit quantum efficiency (QE) of up to 30% in near-infrared wavelength and 0.4% at 5 mum, with a dark-count rate that can be as low as 10 -4 s -1 . The SSPD structures integrated with lambda/4 microcavities achieve a QE of 60% at telecommunication, 1550-nm wavelength. We have also developed a new generation of SSPDs that possess the QE of large-active-area devices, but, simultaneously, are characterized by low kinetic inductance that allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate with picosecond timing jitter. The improvements presented in the SSPD development, such as fiber-coupled SSPDs, make our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum computing. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 431 | |||
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Author | Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 92 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 241112 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 429 | |||
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Author | Delacour, C.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J.-Ph.; Pannetier, B.; Bouchiat, V.; de Lamaestre, R. Espiau; Villegier, J.-C.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 90 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 191116 (1 t0 3) |
Keywords | SSPD | ||||
Abstract | The authors present a fabrication technique of superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation of niobium nitride ultrathin films. Narrow superconducting meander lines are obtained by direct writing of insulating niobium oxynitride lines through the films using voltage-biased tip of an atomic force microscope. Due to the 30nm resolution of the lithographic technique, the filling factor of the meander line can be made substantially higher than detector of similar geometry made by electron beam lithography, thus leading to increased quantum efficiency. Single photon detection regime of these devices is demonstrated at 4.2K. The authors thank J.-P. Maneval for stimulating discussions. This work has been partly supported by ACI Nanoscience from French Ministry of Research, D.G.A., by Grant No. 02.445.11.7434 of Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and by the European Commission under project “SINPHONIA,” Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 423 | |||
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Author | Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | The concept of the receiving complex for the “Millimetron” space radio telescope | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Volume | 50 | Issue | 10-11 | Pages | 837-846 |
Keywords | HEB, applications, Millimetron, VLBI | ||||
Abstract | We consider the current status of research in the development of a submillimeter and far-infrared receiving instrument and propose promising solutions for the receivers of the spaceborne telescope “Millimetron,” which allow one to realize comprehensively the opportunities given by this international project administrated by the Astrospace Center of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. | ||||
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ISSN | 0033-8443 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 411 | |||
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Author | Smirnov, K.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Ryabchun, S.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Polonsky, S. | ||||
Title | Ultrathin NbN film superconducting single-photon detector array | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 61 | Issue | Pages | 1081-1085 | |
Keywords | SSPD array | ||||
Abstract | We report on the fabrication process of the 2 × 2 superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) array. The SSPD array is made from ultrathin NbN film and is operated at liquid helium temperatures. Each detector is a nanowire-based structure patterned by electron beam lithography process. The advances in fabrication technology allowed us to produce highly uniform strips and preserve superconducting properties of the unpatterned film. SSPD exhibit up to 30% quantum efficiency in near infrared and up to 1% at 5-μm wavelength. Due to 120 MHz counting rate and 18 ps jitter, the time-domain multiplexing read-out is proposed for large scale SSPD arrays. Single-pixel SSPD has already found a practical application in non-invasive testing of semiconductor very-large scale integrated circuits. The SSPD significantly outperformed traditional single-photon counting avalanche diodes. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-6588 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 408 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. ASC | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ SSPD_cavity_ASC | Serial | 389 | ||
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Author | Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Zhang, W.; Ozhegov, R.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Spiral antenna coupled and directly coupled NbN HEB mixers in the frequency range from 1 to 70 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 177-179 | ||
Keywords | directly coupled NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We investigate both antenna coupled and directly coupled HEB mixers at several LO frequencies within the range of 2.5 THz to 70 THz. H20 (2.5+10.7 THz), and CO2 (30 THz) gas discharge lasers are used as the local oscillators. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixers is measured at LO frequencies of 2.5 THz, 3.8 THz, and 30 THz. The results for both antenna coupled and directly coupled mixer types are compared. The devices with in—plane dimensions of 5x5 ,um 2 are pumped by LO radiation at 10.7 THz. The directly coupled HEB demonstrates nearly flat dependence of responsivity on frequency in the range of 25+64 THz. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Paris, France | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 386 | |||
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Author | Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Quantum Electronics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 698-700 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detectors are studied. The development of manufacturing technology of detectors and the reduction of their operating temperature down to 2 K resulted in a considerable increase in their quantum efficiency, which reached in the visible region (at 0.56 μm) 30%—40%, i.e., achieved the limit determined by the absorption coefficient of the film. The quantum efficiency exponentially decreases with increasing wavelength, being equal to ~20% at 1.55 μm and ~0.02% at 5 μm. For the dark count rate of ~10-4s-1, the experimental equivalent noise power was 1.5×10-20 W Hz-1/2; it can be decreased in the future down to the record low value of 5×10-21 W Hz-1/2. The time resolution of the detector is 30 ps. | ||||
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Notes | Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 383 | |||
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Author | Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Terahertz heterodyne receivers based on superconductive hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. | Abbreviated Journal | Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 10-11 | Pages | 859-864 |
Keywords | HEB, applications | ||||
Abstract | We consider recent results in development of hot-electron bolometer mixers. Special attention is paid to optimization of the contacts between the antenna and the active area of a superconducting film. An important result in the study of the parasitic effect of direct detection is obtained during the measurement of the noise temperatures by the hot/cold load method. The latest results of studies of the waveguide hot-electron bolometer mixers and their successful practical applications are considered. Progress in development of high-frequency (over 1.3 THz) heterodyne receivers for several important international projects is discussed and new submillimeter radio astronomy projects ESPRIT and SAFIR are described. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0033-8443 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 381 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 86 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 163503 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 377 | |||
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Author | Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 472-475 |
Keywords | HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | |||||
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Publisher | IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 371 | |||
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Author | Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Korotetskaya, Yu. P.; Kaurova, N. S.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Hot electron bolometer mixer for 20 – 40 THz frequency range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 393-397 | ||
Keywords | IR NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | The developed HEB mixer was based on a 5 nm thick NbN film deposited on a GaAs substrate. The active area of the film was patterned as a 30×20 μm 2 strip and coupled with a 50 Ohm coplanar line deposited in situ. An extended hemispherical germanium lens was used to focus the LO radiation on the mixer. The responsivity of the mixer was measured in a direct detection mode in the 25÷64 THz frequency range. The noise performance of the mixer and the directivity of the receiver were investigated in a heterodyne mode. A 10.6 μm wavelength CW CO 2 laser was utilized as a local oscillator. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Göteborg, Sweden | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 369 | |||
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Author | Kaurova, N. S.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Vahtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ilyin, K. S. | ||||
Title | Submillimeter mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 1-st conf. Fundamental problems of high temperature superconductivity | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 291 | ||
Keywords | HTS, HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | Moscow-Zvenigorod | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow-Zvenigorod | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 355 | |||
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Author | Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature, gain bandwidth and local oscillator power of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixer at terahertz frequenciess | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 329-330 | ||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | We present the performances of HEB mixers based on 3.5 nm thick NbN film integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. The double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4.2 GHz and the noise bandwidth is 5 GHz. The local oscillator power is 1-3 /spl mu/W for mixers with different active area. | ||||
Address | Karlsruhe, Germany | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Karlsruhe, Germany | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ nt_ifb_lopow_qoheb_karlsruhe_2004 | Serial | 354 | ||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1958-1960 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 352 | |||
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Author | Maslennikov, S.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Antipov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixers for frequencies of 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004 | Serial | 349 | ||
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Author | Ozhegov, R.; Maslennikov, S.; Morozov, D.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Imaging system for submillimeter wave range | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004 | Serial | 347 | ||
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Author | Ozhegov, R.; Morozov, D.; Maslennikov, S.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Submillimeter wave range imaging system for registering human body radiation and finding out the things covered under clothes | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 3rd Int. exhibition and conf. Non-Destructive Testing Equipment and Devices | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 345 | |||
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Author | Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Smirnov, K. V.; Polyakov, S. L.; Kaurova, N. S.; Grishina, E. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 236-241 | ||
Keywords | HEB mixer, NbN, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We present the results of noise temperature measurements of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixers based on a 3.5 nm NbN film deposited on a high-resistivity Si substrate with a 200 nm – thick MgO buffer layer. The mixer element was integrated with a log-periodic spiral antenna. The noise temperature measurements were performed at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz local oscillator frequencies for the 3 µm x 0.2 µm active area devices. The best uncorrected receiver noise temperatures found for these frequencies are 1300 K and 3100 K, respectively. A water vapour discharge laser was used as the LO source. We also present the results of direct detection contribution to the measured Y-factor and of a possible error of noise temperature calculation. This error was more than 8% for the mixer with in-plane dimensions of 2.4 x 0.16 µm 2 at the optimal noise temperature point. The use of a mesh filter enabled us to avoid the effect of direct detection and decrease optical losses by 0.5 dB. The paper is concluded by the investigation results of the mixer polarization response. It was shown that the polarization can differ from the circular one at 3.8 THz by more than 2 dB. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Northampton, Massachusetts, USA | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 344 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Vachtomin, Yu. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinski, V. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 168-171 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present recent results showing the development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for German receiver for astronomy at terahertz frequencies and terahertz limb sounder. The mixer is incorporated into a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and backed on a silicon lens. The hybrid antenna had almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern slightly broader than expected for a diffraction limited antenna. At 2.5 THz the best 2200 K double side-band receiver noise temperature was achieved across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. For this operation regime, a receiver conversion efficiency of -17 dB was directly measured and the loss budget was evaluated. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. Implementation of the MgO buffer layer on Si resulted in an increased 5.2 GHz gain bandwidth. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring a methanol emission line at 2.5 THz. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 343 | |||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Study of the IF bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers based on crystalline quartz substrate with an MgO buffer layer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 164-167 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we present the results of IF bandwidth measurements on 3-4 nm thick NbN hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers, which have been fabricated on a 200-nm thick MgO buffer layer deposited on a crystalline quartz substrate. The 3-dB IF bandwidth, measured at an LO frequency of 0.81 THz, is 3.7 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. We have also made measurements of the IF dynamic impedance, which allow us to evaluate the intrinsic electron temperature relaxation time and self-heating parameters at different bias conditions. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 341 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H.; Kolberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H. W. | ||||
Title | A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 85-95 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present a broadband and low noise heterodyne receiver for 1.4-1.7 THz designed for the Hershel Space Observatory. A phonon- cooled NbN HEB mixer was integrated with a normal metal double- slot antenna and an elliptical silicon lens. DSB receiver noise temperature Tr was measured from 1 GHz through 8GHz intermediate frequency band with 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. At 4.2 K bath temperature and at 1.6 THz LO frequency Tr is 800 K with the receiver noise bandwidth of 5 GHz. While at 2 K bath temperature Tr was as low as 700 K. At 0.6 THz and 1.1 THz a spiral antenna integrated NbN HEB mixer showed the receiver noise temperature 500 K and 800 K, though no antireflection coating was used in this case. Tr of 1100 K was achieved at 2.5 THz while the receiver noise bandwidth was 4 GHz. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harward University | |
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Call Number | Serial | 332 | |||
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Author | Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. | ||||
Title | Detection efficiency of large-active-area NbN single-photon superconducting detectors in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 80 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 4687-4689 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE | ||||
Abstract | We report our studies on spectral sensitivity of meander-type, superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPDs), characterized by GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons and negligible dark counts. Our SPDs exhibit experimentally determined quantum efficiencies ranging from ∼0.2% at the 1.55 μm wavelength to ∼70% at 0.4 μm. Spectral dependences of the detection efficiency (DE) at the 0.4 to 3.0-μm-wavelength range are presented. The exponential character of the DE dependence on wavelength, as well as its dependence versus bias current, is qualitatively explained in terms of superconducting fluctuations in our ultrathin, submicron-width superconducting stripes. The DE values of large-active-area NbN SPDs in the visible range are high enough for modern quantum communications. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 331 | |||
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Author | Meledin, D.; Tong, C. Y.-E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | The sensitivity and IF bandwidth of waveguide NbN hot electron bolometer mixers on MgO buffer layers over crystalline quartz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 65-72 | ||
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We have developed and characterized waveguide phonon-cooled NbN Hot Electron Bolometer (FMB) mixers fabricated from a 3-4 nm thick NbN film deposited on a 200nm thick MgO buffer layer over crystalline quartz. Double side band receiver noise temperatures of 900-1050 K at 1.035 THz, and 1300-1400 K at 1.26 THz have been measured at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz. The intermediate frequency bandwidth, measured at 0.8 THz LO frequency, is 3.2 GHz at the optimal bias point for low noise receiver operation. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Cambridge, MA, USA | Editor | Harvard university | |
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Call Number | Serial | 326 | |||
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Author | Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Shishkov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinski, V.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | NbN HEB mixer noise temperature measurements with hot/cold load mounted inside the helium cryostat at 300 GHz | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. Int. Student Seminar on Microwave Appl. of Novel Physical Phenomena supported by IEEE | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | LETI | Place of Publication | St.-Petersburg | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 324 | |||
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Author | Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A. D.; Richter, H.; Schubert, J.; Hadjiloucas, S.; Bowen, J. W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Antenna pattern of the quasi-optical hot-electron bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 286-296 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 323 | |||
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Author | Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G. | ||||
Title | HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 244-252 | ||
Keywords | HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 319 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Local oscillator power requirement and saturation effects in NbN HEB mixers | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 273-285 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range | ||||
Abstract | The local oscillator power required for NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers (P LO ) was investigated with respect to mixer size, critical temperature and ambient temperature. P LO can be decreased by a factor of 10 as the mixer size decreases from 4×0.4 µm 2 to 0.6×0.13 µm 2 . For the smallest volume mixer the optimal local oscillator power was found to be 15 nW. We found that for such mixer no signal compression was observed up to an input signal of 2 nW which corresponds to an equivalent input load of 20,000 K. For a constant mixer volume, reduction of T c can decrease optimal local oscillator power at least by a factor of 2 without a deterioration of the receiver noise temperature. Bath temperature was found to have minor effect on the receiver characteristics. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | San Diego, CA, USA | Editor | Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst.it.u.t.e of Technology | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 318 | |||
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Author | Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H. W.; Richter, H. | ||||
Title | NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 962-965 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 312 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Design and performance of the lattice-cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 6758-6767 |
Keywords | HEB mixer, charge imbalance, HF current distribution | ||||
Abstract | We present the measurements and the theoreticalmodel of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance. | ||||
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ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 306 | |||
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Author | Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.–W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Frequency dependent noise temperature of the lattice cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 39-48 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We present the measurements and the theoretical model on the frequency dependent noise temperature of a lattice cooled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The experimentally observed increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the non-uniform distribution of the high frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs near the edges of the normal domain and contacts with normal metal. In addition, we present experimental results which show that the noise temperature of a HEB mixer can be reduced by about 30% due to a Parylene antireflection coating on the Silicon hyperhemispheric lens. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 305 | |||
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Author | Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Noise temperature of an NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 748-750 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We report on noise temperature measurements of an NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The devices were 3 nm thick films with in-plane dimensions 1.7 × 0.2 µm2 and 0.9 × 0.2 µm2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic-spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at seven frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz). | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 298 | |||
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Author | Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H. W.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Wang, Z. | ||||
Title | Hot electron bolometric mixers based on NbN films deposited on MgO substrates | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. | Abbreviated Journal | Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
Volume | 167 | Issue | Pages | 687-690 | |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Barcelona, Spain | Editor | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | 4th Europ. Conf. on Appl. Superconductivity, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 297 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, J. H.; Tong, C.-Y.E.; Blundell, R.; Cosmo Papa, D.; Hunter, T. R.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | An 800 GHz NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3753-3756 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We describe a heterodyne receiver developed for astronomical applications to operate in the 350 /spl mu/m atmospheric window. The waveguide receiver employs a superconductive NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer. The double sideband receiver noise temperature closely follows 1 kGHz/sup -1/ across 780-870 GHz, with the intermediate frequency centered at 1.4 GHz. The conversion loss is about 15 dB. The receiver was installed for operation at the University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Submillimeter Telescope facility. The instrument was successfully used to conduct test observations of a number of celestial sources in a number of astronomically important spectral lines. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 288 | |||
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Author | Ekstörm, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S. | ||||
Title | Gain and noise bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 70 | Issue | 24 | Pages | 3296-3298 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, conversion loss, conversion gain, U-factor technique | ||||
Abstract | We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 Å thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. The best double-sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 1300 K with a 3 dB bandwidth of ≈5 GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is 50 K, and the intrinsic conversion gain is about −12 dB. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 279 | |||
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Author | Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'In, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers on sapphire substrates | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 245-257 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process | ||||
Abstract | The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 mm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 1.1 wide and 211 long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.5 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 276 | |||
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Author | Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.; Cherednichenko, S. | ||||
Title | Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 23-28 | ||
Keywords | waveguide NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 275 | |||
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Author | Yagubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Seidman, L.; Siomash, V.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. | ||||
Title | The bandwidth of HEB mixers employing ultrathin NbN films on sapphire substrate | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 290-302 | ||
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process | ||||
Abstract | We report on some unusual features observed during fabrication of ultrathin NbN films with high Tc. The films were used to fabricate HEB mixers, which were evaluated for IF bandwidth measurements at 140 GHz. Ultrathin films were fabricated using reactive dc magnetron sputtering with a discharge current source. Reproducible parameters of the films are assured keeping constant the difference between the discharge voltage in pure argon, and in a gas mixture, for the same current. A maximum bandwidth of 4 GHz at optimal LO and dc bias was obtained for mixer chip based on NbN film 35 A thick with Tc = 11 K. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Charlottesville, Virginia, USA | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 266 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Okunev, O. V.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E. | ||||
Title | NbN hot electron superconducting mixers for 100 GHz operation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3065-3068 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | NbN is a promising superconducting material for hot-electron superconducting mixers with an IF bandwidth larger than 1 GHz. In the 1OO GHz frequency range, the following parameters were obtained for 50 /spl Aring/ thick NbN films at 4.2 K: receiver noise temperature (DSB) /spl sim/1000 K; conversion loss /spl sim/10 dB; IF bandwidth /spl sim/1 GHz; and local oscillator power /spl sim/1 /spl mu/W. An increase of the critical current of the NbN film, increased working temperature, and a better mixer matching may allow a broader IF bandwidth up to 2 GHz, reduced conversion losses down to 3-5 dB and a receiver noise temperature (DSB) down to 200-300 K. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | About LO power required | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 255 | |||
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Author | Gousev, Yu. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F. | ||||
Title | Broadband ultrafast superconducting NbN detector for electromagnetic radiation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume | 75 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 3695-3697 |
Keywords | NbN HEB | ||||
Abstract | An ultrafast detector that is sensitive to radiation in a broad spectral range from submillimeter waves to visible light is reported. It consists of a structured NbN thin film cooled to a temperature below Tc (∼11 K). Using 20 ps pulses of a GaAs laser, we observed signal pulses with both rise and decay time of about 50 ps. From the analysis of a mixing experiment with submillimeter radiation we estimate an intrinsic response time of the detector of ∼12 ps. The sensitivity was found to be similar for the near‐infrared and submillimeter radiation. Broadband sensitivity and short response time are attributed to a quasiparticle heating effect. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 252 | |||
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Author | Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M. A.; Trifonov, V.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
Title | Optical mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 65 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 3398-3400 |
Keywords | YBCO HTS HEB mixer, bandwidth | ||||
Abstract | Mixing of 1.56 µm infrared radiation from two lasers in a high quality YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film, patterned to parallel strips, was demonstrated. A mixer bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by the measurement system, was obtained. A model based on nonequilibrium electron heating gives a good fit to the data and predicts an intrinsic mixer bandwidth in excess of 100 GHz, operating in the whole infrared spectrum. Reduction of bolometric effects and ways to decrease the conversion loss of the mixer is discussed. The minimum conversion loss is expected to be ~10 dB. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 251 | |||
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Author | Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Y. P.; Zorin, M. A.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lang, P. T.; Knott, W. J.; Renk, K. F. | ||||
Title | Sensitive picosecond NbN detector for radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Supercond. Sci. Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 453-456 |
Keywords | NbN HEB detectors | ||||
Abstract | The authors report on the application of a broad-band NbN film detector which has high sensitivity and picosecond response time for detection of radiation from millimetre wavelengths to visible light. From a study of amplitude modulated radiation of backward-wave tubes and picosecond pulses from gas and solid state lasers at wavelengths between 2 mm and 0.53 mu m, they found a detectivity of 1010 W-1 cm Hz-1/2 and a response time of less than 50 ps at T=10 K. The characteristics were provided by using a 150 AA thick NbN film patterned into a structure of micron strips. According to the proposed detection mechanism, namely electron heating, they expect an intrinsic response time of approximately 20 ps at the same temperature. | ||||
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ISSN | 0953-2048 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 242 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gusev, Yu. P.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D. | ||||
Title | Millimeter and submillimeter wave range mixer based on electronic heating of superconducting films in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Sov. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. Supercond. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1582-1597 |
Keywords | HEB mixers | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 240 | |||
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Author | Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Potoskuev, S. E. | ||||
Title | Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of electrons of a superconductor in the resistive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 414-420 |
Keywords | HEB | ||||
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Notes | Duplicated as 1697 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 236 | |||
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