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Author | Yang, J. K. W.; Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Anant, V.; Rosfjord, K. M.; Berggren, K. K. | ||||
Title | Modeling the electrical and thermal response of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 581 - 585 |
Keywords | SSPD, modeling | ||||
Abstract | We modeled the response of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors during a photodetection event, taking into consideration only the thermal and electrical properties of a superconducting NbN nanowire on a sapphire substrate. Our calculations suggest that heating which occurs after the formation of a photo-induced resistive barrier is responsible for the generation of a measurable voltage pulse. We compared this numerical result with experimental data of a voltage pulse from a slow device, i.e. large kinetic inductance, and obtained a good fit. Using this electro-thermal model, we estimated the temperature rise and the resistance buildup in the nanowire, and the return current at which the nanowire becomes superconducting again. We also show that the reset time of these photodetectors can be decreased by the addition of a series resistance and provide supporting experimental data. Finally we present preliminary results on a detector latching behavior that can also be explained using the electro-thermal model. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 625 | |||
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Author | Xiaolong Hu; Holzwarth, C.W.; Masciarelli, D.; Dauler, E.A.; Berggren, K.K. | ||||
Title | Efficiently coupling light to superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 336-340 |
Keywords | optical antennas; SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We designed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with silver optical antennae for free-space coupling and a dielectric waveguide for fiber coupling. According to our finite-element simulation, (1) for the free-space coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TM-polarized photons at the wavelength of 1550 nm can be as high as 96% by adding silver optical antennae; (2) for the fiber coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TE-like-polarized photons can reach 76% including coupling efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm by adding a silicon nitride waveguide and an inverse-taper coupler. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 647 | ||
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Author | Yang, J.K.W.; Kerman, A.J.; Dauler, E.A.; Cord, B.; Anant, V.; Molnar, R.J.; Berggren, K.K. | ||||
Title | Suppressed critical current in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with high fill-factors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 318-322 |
Keywords | SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | In this work we present a new fabrication process that enabled the fabrication of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors SNSPD with fill-factors as high as 88% with gaps between nanowires as small as 12 nm. This fabrication process combined high-resolution electron-beam lithography with photolithography. Although this work was motivated by the potential of increased detection efficiency with higher fill-factor devices, test results showed an unexpected systematic suppression in device critical currents with increasing fill-factor. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 677 | ||
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Author | Dauler, E. A.; Robinson, B. S.; Kerman, A. J.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, E. K. M.; Anant, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Berggren, K. K. | ||||
Title | Multi-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 279-284 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | A multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector (MESNSPD) is presented that consists of multiple independently-biased superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) elements that form a continuous active area. A two-element SNSPD has been fabricated and tested, showing no measurable crosstalk between the elements, sub-50-ps relative timing jitter, and four times the maximum counting rate of a single SNSPD with the same active area. The MESNSPD can have a larger active area and higher speed than a single-element SNSPD and the input optics can be designed so that the detector provides spatial, spectral or photon number resolution. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1428 | |||
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Author | Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, K. M.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
Title | Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 90 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 101110 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the source of the large variations in the observed detection efficiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from “constrictions:” highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the bias-current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices when they are biased near the critical current density. This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. |
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1433 | |||
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Author | Dauler, E. A.; Kerman, A. J.; Robinson, B. S.; Yang, J. K. W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Berggren, K. K. | ||||
Title | Achieving high counting rates in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
Volume | Issue | Pages | JTuD3 (1 to 2) | ||
Keywords | SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Photodetectors; Quantum optics; Quantum detectors; Photon counting; Photons; Pulse shaping; Quantum communications; Single photon detectors; Superconductors | ||||
Abstract | Kinetic inductance is determined to be the primary limitation to the counting rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon counters. Approaches for overcoming this limitation will be discussed. | ||||
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Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1451 | |||
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Author | Rosfjord, K. M.; Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E. A.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Kerman, A. J.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
Title | Increased detection efficiencies of nanowire single-photon detectors by integration of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
Volume | Issue | Pages | JTuF2 (1 to 2) | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We fabricate and test superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating. We design the cavity and coating such as to maximize absorption in the NbN film of the detector. | ||||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1452 | |||
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Author | Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Keicher, W. E.; Yang, J. K. W.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B. | ||||
Title | Kinetic-inductance-limited reset time of superconducting nanowire photon counters | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 111116 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the recovery of superconducting NbN-nanowire photon counters after detection of an optical pulse at a wavelength of 1550nm, and present a model that quantitatively accounts for our observations. The reset time is found to be limited by the large kinetic inductance of these nanowires, which forces a tradeoff between counting rate and either detection efficiency or active area. Devices of usable size and high detection efficiency are found to have reset times orders of magnitude longer than their intrinsic photoresponse time. The authors acknowledge D. Oates and W. Oliver (MIT Lincoln Laboratory), S.W. Nam, A. Miller, and R. Hadfield (NIST) and R. Sobolewski, A. Pearlman, and A. Verevkin (University of Rochester) for helpful discussions and technical assistance. This work made use of MIT’s shared scanning-electron-beam-lithography facility in the Research Laboratory of Electronics. This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Air Force Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1453 | |||
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Author | Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E.; Ferri, A.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Sobolewski, R.; Keicher, W. E.; Berggren, K. K. | ||||
Title | Fabrication development for nanowire GHz-counting-rate single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 626-630 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a fabrication process for GHz-counting-rate, single-photon, high-detection-efficiency, NbN, nanowire detectors. We have demonstrated two processes for the device patterning, one based on the standard polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) organic positive-tone electron-beam resist, and the other based on the newer hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) negative-tone spin-on-glass resist. The HSQ-based process is simple and robust, providing high resolution and the prospect of high fill-factors. Initial testing results show superconductivity in the films, and suggest that the devices exhibit photosensitivity. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1466 | |||
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Author | Schroeder, E.; Mauskopf, P.; Pilyavsky, G.; Sinclair, A.; Smith, N.; Bryan, S.; Mani, H.; Morozov, D.; Berggren, K.; Zhu, D.; Smirnov, K.; Vakhtomin, Y. | ||||
Title | On the measurement of intensity correlations from laboratory and astronomical sources with SPADs and SNSPDs | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume | 9907 | Issue | Pages | 99070P (1 to 13) | |
Keywords | SPAD, NbN SSPD applications, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We describe the performance of detector modules containing silicon single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to be used for intensity interferometry. The SPADs are mounted in fiber-coupled and free-space coupled packages. The SNSPDs are mounted in a small liquid helium cryostat coupled to single mode fiber optic cables which pass through a hermetic feed-through. The detectors are read out with microwave amplifiers and FPGA-based coincidence electronics. We present progress on measurements of intensity correlations from incoherent sources including gas-discharge lamps and stars with these detectors. From the measured laboratory performance of the correlation system, we estimate the sensitivity to intensity correlations from stars using commercial telescopes and larger existing research telescopes. | ||||
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Publisher | SPIE | Place of Publication | Editor | Malbet, F.; Creech-Eakman, M.J.; Tuthill, P.G. | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V | ||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1809 | |||
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