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| Author | Sekine, Norihiko; Hosako, Iwao | ||||
| Title | Intensity modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers under external light injection | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | Pages | 201106(1-3) | |
| Keywords | QCL modulation, THz, terahertz | ||||
| Abstract | We investigated the light-current characteristics of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers under external light injection, which excites interband transitions in the active materials. It was found that the amount of reduction in the THz power was constant for all injection currents above threshold, and the dependence of the reduction amount on the wavelength of the external light was observed to show a resonancelike feature. The dominant intensity modulation mechanism was found to be the loss change caused by interband transitions in the active region. Further, the effective coupling efficiency plays an important role in the intensity modulation. | ||||
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| Call Number | Serial | 630 | |||
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| Author | Tretyakov, Ivan; Ryabchun, Sergey; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikova, Anna; Kaurova, Natalia; Lobastova, Anastasia; Voronov, Boris; Gol'tsman, Gregory | ||||
| Title | Low noise and wide bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | Pages | 033507 (1 to 3) | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixer | ||||
| Abstract | We report a record double sideband noise temperature of 600 K (5hν/kB) offered by a NbN hot-electron bolometer receiver at 2.5 THz. Allowing for standing wave effects, this value was found to be constant in the intermediate frequency range 1–7 GHz, which indicates that the mixer has an unprecedentedly large noise bandwidth in excess of 7 GHz. The insight into this is provided by gain bandwidth measurements performed at the superconducting transition. They show that the dependence of the bandwidth on the mixer length follows the model for an HEB mixer with diffusion and phonon cooling of the hot electrons. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 638 | ||
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| Author | Baek, Burm; Lita, Adriana E.; Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo | ||||
| Title | Superconducting a-WxSi1–x nanowire single-photon detector with saturated internal quantum efficiency from visible to 1850 nm | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a single-photon detector based on superconducting amorphous tungsten–silicon alloy (a-WxSi1–x) nanowire. Our device made from a uniform a-WxSi1–x nanowire covers a practical detection area (16 μm×16 μm) and shows high sensitivity featuring a plateau of the internal quantum efficiencies, i.e., efficiencies of generating an electrical pulse per absorbed photon, over a broad wavelength and bias range. This material system for superconducting nanowire detector technology could overcome the limitations of the prevalent nanowire devices based on NbN and lead to more practical, ideal single-photon detectors having high efficiency, low noise, and high count rates. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 665 | ||
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| Author | Terai, Hirotaka; Miki, Shigehito; Yamashita, Taro; Makise, Kazumasa; Wang, Zhen | ||||
| Title | Demonstration of single-flux-quantum readout operation for superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | A readout circuit using superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits has been developed to realize an independently addressable array of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). We tested the SFQ readout circuits by connecting with SSPDs. The error rates of readout circuits were below 10–5 for input signal amplitude of greater than 18.2 μA. Detection efficiencies (DEs) for single-photon incidents were measured both with and without the connection of a readout circuit. The observed DEs traced almost the same curves regardless of the connection of the readout circuit, except that the SSPD is likely to latch by connecting the readout circuit. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 654 | ||
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| Author | Tanner, M. G.; Natarajan, C. M.; Pottapenjara, V. K.; O'Connor, J. A.; Warburton, R. J.; Hadfield, R. H.; Baek, B.; Nam, S.; Dorenbos, S. N.; Bermúdez Ureña, E.; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Zwiller, V. | ||||
| Title | Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 96 | Issue | 22 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as a highly promising infrared single-photon detector technology. Next-generation devices are being developed with enhanced detection efficiency (DE) at key technological wavelengths via the use of optical cavities. Furthermore, new materials and substrates are being explored for improved fabrication versatility, higher DE, and lower dark counts. We report on the practical performance of packaged NbTiN SNSPDs fabricated on oxidized silicon substrates in the wavelength range from 830 to 1700 nm. We exploit constructive interference from the SiO2/Si interface in order to achieve enhanced front-side fiber-coupled DE of 23.2 % at 1310 nm, at 1 kHz dark count rate, with 60 ps full width half maximum timing jitter. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 655 | ||
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| Author | Marsili, Francesco; Najafi, Faraz; Herder, Charles; Berggren, Karl K. | ||||
| Title | Electrothermal simulation of superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | SNAP | ||||
| Abstract | We developed an electrothermal model of NbN superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors (SNAPs) on sapphire substrates. SNAPs are single-photon detectors consisting of the parallel connection of N superconducting nanowires. We extrapolated the physical constants of the model from experimental data and we simulated the time evolution of the device resistance, temperature and current by solving two coupled electrical and thermal differential equations describing the nanowires. The predictions of the model were in good quantitative agreement with the experimental results. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 658 | ||
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| Author | Cao, Q.; Yoon, S. F.; Tong, C. Z.; Ngo, C. Y.; Liu, C. Y.; Wang, R.; Zhao, H. X. | ||||
| Title | Two-state competition in 1.3 μm multilayer InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | 2DEG | ||||
| Abstract | The competition of ground state (GS) and excited state (ES) is investigated from the as-grown and thermally annealed 1.3 μm ten-layer p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers. The modal gain competition between GS and ES are measured and analyzed around the ES threshold characteristics. Our results show that two-state competition is more significant in devices with short cavity length operating at high temperature. By comparing the as-grown and annealed devices, we demonstrate enhanced GS and suppressed ES lasing from the QD laser annealed at 600 °C for 15 s. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 673 | ||
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| Author | Gaggero, A.; Nejad, S. Jahanmiri; Marsili, F.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Bitauld, D.; Sahin, D.; Hamhuis, G. J.; Nötzel, R.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore, A. | ||||
| Title | Nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors on GaAs for integrated quantum photonic applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate efficient nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin films grown on GaAs. NbN films ranging from 3 to 5 nm in thickness have been deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on GaAs substrates at 350 °C. These films show superconducting properties comparable to similar films grown on sapphire and MgO. In order to demonstrate the potential for monolithic integration, SSPDs were fabricated and measured on GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirrors, showing a clear cavity enhancement, with a peak quantum efficiency of 18.3% at λ = 1300 nm and T = 4.2 K. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 681 | ||
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| Author | Mannino, Giovanni; Spinella, Corrado; Ruggeri, Rosa; La Magna, Antonino; Fisicaro, Giuseppe; Fazio, Enza; Neri, Fortunato; Privitera, Vittorio | ||||
| Title | Crystallization of implanted amorphous silicon during millisecond annealing by infrared laser irradiation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3 |
| Keywords | Annealing | ||||
| Abstract | We investigated the homogenous nucleation of crystalline grains in amorphous Si during transient temperature pulse of few milliseconds IR laser irradiation. The crystallized volume fraction is ~80%. Significant crystallization occurs in nonsteady regime because of the rapid temperature variation (106 °C/s). Our model combines the time evolution of the crystal grain population with the consumption of the amorphous volume due to the growth of grains. Thanks to the experimental approach based on a laser source to heat α-Si and the theoretical model we extended the description of the spontaneous crystallization up to 1323 K or 250 K above the temperature investigated by conventional annealing. | ||||
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| Notes | Annealing | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 691 | ||
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| Author | Yates, S. J. C.; Baryshev, A. M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klein, B.; Güsten, R. | ||||
| Title | Fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout for large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 3 |
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| Abstract | Microwave kinetic inductance detectors have great potential for large, very sensitive detector arrays for use in, for example, submillimeter imaging. Being intrinsically readout in the frequency domain, they are particularly suited for frequency domain multiplexing allowing ~1000 s of devices to be readout with one pair of coaxial cables. However, this moves the complexity of the detector from the cryogenics to the warm electronics. We present here the concept and experimental demonstration of the use of fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout, showing no deterioration of the noise performance compared to the low noise analog mixing while allowing high multiplexing ratios. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 697 | ||
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| Author | Hoevers, H. F. C.; Bento, A. C.; Bruijn, M. P.; Gottardi, L.; Korevaar, M. A. N.; Mels, W. A.; de Korte, P. A. J. | ||||
| Title | Thermal fluctuation noise in a voltage biased superconducting transition edge thermometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 4421-4424 |
| Keywords | TES; bolometer; thermal fluctuation noise; TFN | ||||
| Abstract | The current noise at the output of a microcalorimeter with a voltage biased superconducting transition edge thermometer is studied in detail. In addition to the two well-known noise sources: thermal fluctuation noise from the heat link to the bath and Johnson noise from the resistive thermometer, a third noise source strongly correlated with the steepness of the thermometer is required to fit the measured noise spectra. Thermal fluctuation noise, originating in the thermometer itself, fully explains the additional noise. A simple model provides quantitative agreement between the observed and calculated noise spectra for all bias points in the superconducting transition. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 759 | ||
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| Author | Burke, P. J.; Schoelkopf, R. J.; Prober, D. E.; Skalare, A.; Karasik, B. S.; Gaidis, M. C.; McGrath, W. R.; Bumble, B.; Leduc, H. G. | ||||
| Title | Spectrum of thermal fluctuation noise in diffusion and phonon cooled hot-electron mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 1516-1518 |
| Keywords | HEB mixer; thermal fluctuation noise; TFN | ||||
| Abstract | A systematic study of the intermediate frequency noise bandwidth of Nb thin-film superconducting hot-electron bolometers is presented. We have measured the spectrum of the output noise as well as the conversion efficiency over a very broad intermediate frequency range (from 0.1 to 7.5 GHz) for devices varying in length from 0.08 μm to 3 μm. Local oscillator and rf signals from 8 to 40 GHz were used. For a device of a given length, the spectrum of the output noise and the conversion efficiency behave similarly for intermediate frequencies less than the gain bandwidth, in accordance with a simple thermal model for both the mixing and thermal fluctuation noise. For higher intermediate frequencies the conversion efficiency decreases; in contrast, the noise decreases but has a second contribution which dominates at higher frequency. The noise bandwidth is larger than the gain bandwidth, and the mixer noise is low, between 120 and 530 K (double side band). | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ gujma @ | Serial | 760 | ||
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| Author | Sprengers, J. P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Jahanmirinejad, S.; Frucci, G.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore A. | ||||
| Title | Waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 18 | Pages | 181110(1-3) |
| Keywords | optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The monolithic integration of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits, and single-photon detectors enables complex and scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits, for application in linear-optics quantum computing and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a key component of such a circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (~0%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (~0 ps), and response time in the ns range and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks, and modulators. | ||||
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| Call Number | Serial | 847 | |||
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| Author | Il'in, K. S.; Lindgren, M.; Currie, M. A.; Semenov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M. | ||||
| Title | Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 2752-2754 |
| Keywords | NbN HEB detectors, two-temperature model, IF bandwidth | ||||
| Abstract | We report time-resolved characterization of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors using an electro-optic sampling method. Our samples were patterned into micron-size microbridges from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates. The devices were illuminated with 100 fs optical pulses, and the photoresponse was measured in the ambient temperature range between 2.15 and 10.6 K (superconducting temperature transition TC). The experimental data agreed very well with the nonequilibrium hot-electron, two-temperature model. The quasiparticle thermalization time was ambient temperature independent and was measured to be 6.5 ps. The inelastic electron–phonon scattering time Ï„e–ph tended to decrease with the temperature increase, although its change remained within the experimental error, while the phonon escape time Ï„es decreased almost by a factor of two when the sample was put in direct contact with superfluid helium. Specifically, Ï„e–ph and Ï„es, fitted by the two-temperature model, were equal to 11.6 and 21 ps at 2.15 K, and 10(±2) and 38 ps at 10.5 K, respectively. The obtained value of Ï„e–ph shows that the maximum intermediate frequency bandwidth of NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixers operating at TC can reach 16(+4/–3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Call Number | Serial | 856 | |||
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| Author | Inderbitzin, K.; Engel, A.; Schilling, A.; Il'in, K.; Siegel, M. | ||||
| Title | An ultra-fast superconducting Nb nanowire single-photon detector for soft x-rays | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. | |
| Volume | 101 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, x-ray, Nb | ||||
| Abstract | Although superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are well studied regarding the detection of infrared/optical photons and keV-molecules, no studies on continuous x-ray photon counting by thick-film detectors have been reported so far. We fabricated a 100 nm thick niobium x-ray SNSPD (an X-SNSPD) and studied its detection capability of photons with keV-energies in continuous mode. The detector is capable to detect photons even at reduced bias currents of 0.4%, which is in sharp contrast to optical thin-film SNSPDs. No dark counts were recorded in extended measurement periods. Strikingly, the signal amplitude distribution depends significantly on the photon energy spectrum.VC |
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 878 | ||
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