|
|
Goltsman, G. N. (2021). Development and applications of terahertz hot electron bolometers. In 1st Moscow Int. Conf. on Submillimeter and Millimeter Astronomy: Objectives and Instruments.
Abstract: The development of techniques and technologies for the deposition of ultrathin superconducting films, the creation of superconducting structures on a nanometer scale is the basis of significant progress in the field of superconducting receiving systems. Ultrathin NbN films are the basis for a wide range of record-breaking hot electron devices: direct and heterodyne terahertz detectors. Terahertz receivers are especially in demand in high-resolution spectroscopy for astronomical, atmospheric, and medical research. HEB receivers are widely used in terahertz radio astronomy. For example, the Dutch SRON Institute is preparing a project for the GUSTO hot air balloon telescope with a HEB mixer array at 1.4 THz and 1.9 THz. A 5-meter Chinese terahertz telescope DATE5 with HEB mixers at 1.4 THz is installed at the South Pole. The Stratospheric Observatory (SOFIA) uses HEB mixer matrices in the GREAT instrument operating in the 1.2 – 4.7 THz range. It is planned to implement the international project Origins Space Telescope (OST) in the far infrared region based on HEB receivers. The Japanese project Smiles-2 will allow measurements at 1.8 THz in the upper layers of the stratosphere and mesosphere. The development of the Millimetron space observatory continues in Russia.
|
|
|
|
Mair, U., Suttywong, N., Hübers, H. - W., Semenov, A. D., Richter, H., Wagner, G., et al. (2005). Development of 1.8 THz receiver for the TELIS instrument. In Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.. Göteborg, Sweden.
|
|
|
|
de Lange, G., Hu, Q., Huang, H., & Lichtenberger, A. W. (1997). Development of a 170-210 GHz 3×3 micromachined SIS imaging array. In Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (518).
|
|
|
|
Shcherbatenko, M., Lobanov, Y., Finkel, M., Maslennikov, S., Pentin, I., Semenov, A., et al. (2014). Development of a 30 THz heterodyne receiver based on a hot-electron-bolometer mixer. In Proc. 25th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (122).
Abstract: We present new Hot-Electron-Bolometer (HEB) mixers designed for mid-IR spectroscopy targeting astrophysical and geophysical observations where high sensitivity and spectral resolution are required. The mixers are made of an ultrathin NbN film deposited on GaAs substrates. Two entirely different types of the devices have been fabricated. The first type is based on a direct radiation coupling concept and the mixing devices are shaped as squares of 5×5 μm 2 (which corresponds to the diffraction limit at the chosen wavelength) and 10×10 μm 2 (which was used to establish a possible influence of the contact pads on the radiation absorption). The second type utilizes a spiral antenna designed with HFSS. The fabrication and layout of the devices as well as the performance comparison will be presented. During the experiments, the HEB mixer was installed on the cold plate of a LHe cryostat. A germanium window and an extended semi-spherical germanium lens are used to couple the radiation. The cryostat is equipped with a germanium optical filter of thickness 0.5 mm and with a center wavelength of 10.6 mμ. The incident power absorption is measured by using the isothermal method. As a Local Oscillator, a 10.6 micrometers line of a CO2 gas laser is used. We further characterize the frequency response of the spiral antenna with a FIR-spectrometer. The noise characteristics of the mixers are determined from a room temperature cold load and a heated black body at ~600 K as a hot load.
|
|
|
|
Shi, S. C., Chin, C. C., Wang, M. J., Shan, W. L., Zhang, W., & Noguchi, T. (2001). Development of a 600–720 GHz SIS Mixer for the SMART. In C. Iit.u.t.e of T. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Ed.), Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (215). San Diego, CA, USA.
|
|
